-
The Science of the Total Environment May 2023Pantoea dispersa is a Gram-negative bacterium that exists in a variety of environments and has potential in many commercial and agricultural applications, such as... (Review)
Review
Pantoea dispersa is a Gram-negative bacterium that exists in a variety of environments and has potential in many commercial and agricultural applications, such as biotechnology, environmental protection, soil bioremediation, and plant growth stimulation. However, P. dispersa is also a harmful pathogen to both humans and plants. This "double-edged sword" phenomenon is not uncommon in nature. To ensure survival, microorganisms respond to both environmental and biological stimuli, which could be beneficial or detrimental to other species. Therefore, to harness the full potential of P. dispersa, while minimizing potential harm, it is imperative to unravel its genetic makeup, understand its ecological interactions and underlying mechanisms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the genetic and biological characteristics of P. dispersa, in addition to potential impacts on plants and humans, as well as to provide insights into potential applications.
Topics: Humans; Biodegradation, Environmental; Pantoea; Soil; Agriculture; Plants
PubMed: 36801414
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162320 -
Molecular Plant Pathology Oct 2021The endophytic bacterium Pantoea agglomerans DAPP-PG 734 was previously isolated from olive knots caused by infection with Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi DAPP-PG...
Synergistic interaction between the type III secretion system of the endophytic bacterium Pantoea agglomerans DAPP-PG 734 and the virulence of the causal agent of olive knot Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi DAPP-PG 722.
The endophytic bacterium Pantoea agglomerans DAPP-PG 734 was previously isolated from olive knots caused by infection with Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi DAPP-PG 722. Whole-genome analysis of this P. agglomerans strain revealed the presence of a Hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) type III secretion system (T3SS). To assess the role of the P. agglomerans T3SS in the interaction with P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi, we generated independent knockout mutants in three Hrp genes of the P. agglomerans DAPP-PG 734 T3SS (hrpJ, hrpN, and hrpY). In contrast to the wildtype control, all three mutants failed to cause a hypersensitive response when infiltrated in tobacco leaves, suggesting that P. agglomerans T3SS is functional and injects effector proteins in plant cells. In contrast to P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi DAPP-PG 722, the wildtype strain P. agglomerans DAPP-PG 734 and its Hrp T3SS mutants did not cause olive knot disease in 1-year-old olive plants. Coinoculation of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi with P. agglomerans wildtype strains did not significantly change the knot size, while the DAPP-PG 734 hrpY mutant induced a significant decrease in knot size, which could be complemented by providing hrpY on a plasmid. By epifluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we found that the localization patterns in knots were nonoverlapping for P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi and P. agglomerans when coinoculated. Our results suggest that suppression of olive plant defences mediated by the Hrp T3SS of P. agglomerans DAPP-PG 734 positively impacts the virulence of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi DAPP-PG 722.
Topics: Olea; Pantoea; Piperazines; Plant Diseases; Pseudomonas; Type III Secretion Systems; Virulence
PubMed: 34268839
DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13105 -
Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions :... Feb 2023The phytopathogen belongs to the Bacteria, Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacterales, Erwiniaceae in species classification. It causes disease symptoms in...
The phytopathogen belongs to the Bacteria, Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacterales, Erwiniaceae in species classification. It causes disease symptoms in many plants such as corn, banana, and walnut. This study aimed to report the complete genome of CHTF15, which represents the first whole-genome sequence of an isolate from diseased walnut leaves. The total length of the assembled genome was 4,820,607 bp, with an average GC content of 55.3%, including a circular chromosome and three circular plasmids, two of which were previously unreported sequences and one was announced previously. The CHTF15 genome helps understand the pathogenic mechanism of this important plant pathogen and provides an important theoretical basis for disease epidemic and field control. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 "No Rights Reserved" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2023.
Topics: Pantoea; Juglans; Plasmids
PubMed: 36693088
DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-10-22-0216-A -
Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports Dec 2022Septic arthritis usually affects native joints and represents an invasion of the joint space by a wide variety of microorganisms, most commonly bacteria, such as...
INTRODUCTION
Septic arthritis usually affects native joints and represents an invasion of the joint space by a wide variety of microorganisms, most commonly bacteria, such as Staphylococci, Streptococci, and Gram-negative rods. An extremely rare case of septic knee arthritis caused by Pantoea agglomerans in a 67-year-old male is presented.
CASE REPORT
The patient was initially treated with arthroscopic debridement, but due to persistent symptomatology open surgical debridement 3 days after initial surgery was also performed. Cultures yielded P. agglomerans and Streptococcus agalactiae. He was commenced on causative antimicrobial treatment including intravenous linezolid, ciprofloxacin, and clindamycin. He was discharged 10 days later, on oral linezolid and ciprofloxacin for 3 months.
CONCLUSION
Delayed diagnosis in septic arthritis cases and inadequate control of the infection may lead to insufficient treatment and devastating consequences for the patient. The treatment includes surgical debridement and proper antimicrobial agents. Cultures dictate the proper treatment; hence, microbiological examination is of utmost importance, since it may reveal unusual organisms for which empirical treatment may prove insufficient.
PubMed: 37056595
DOI: 10.13107/jocr.2022.v12.i12.3468 -
BMC Microbiology Sep 2009Pantoea agglomerans strains are among the most promising biocontrol agents for a variety of bacterial and fungal plant diseases, particularly fire blight of apple and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Pantoea agglomerans strains are among the most promising biocontrol agents for a variety of bacterial and fungal plant diseases, particularly fire blight of apple and pear. However, commercial registration of P. agglomerans biocontrol products is hampered because this species is currently listed as a biosafety level 2 (BL2) organism due to clinical reports as an opportunistic human pathogen. This study compares plant-origin and clinical strains in a search for discriminating genotypic/phenotypic markers using multi-locus phylogenetic analysis and fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphisms (fAFLP) fingerprinting.
RESULTS
Majority of the clinical isolates from culture collections were found to be improperly designated as P. agglomerans after sequence analysis. The frequent taxonomic rearrangements underwent by the Enterobacter agglomerans/Erwinia herbicola complex may be a major problem in assessing clinical associations within P. agglomerans. In the P. agglomerans sensu stricto (in the stricter sense) group, there was no discrete clustering of clinical/biocontrol strains and no marker was identified that was uniquely associated to clinical strains. A putative biocontrol-specific fAFLP marker was identified only in biocontrol strains. The partial ORF located in this band corresponded to an ABC transporter that was found in all P. agglomerans strains.
CONCLUSION
Taxonomic mischaracterization was identified as a major problem with P. agglomerans, and current techniques removed a majority of clinical strains from this species. Although clear discrimination between P. agglomerans plant and clinical strains was not obtained with phylogenetic analysis, a single marker characteristic of biocontrol strains was identified which may be of use in strain biosafety determinations. In addition, the lack of Koch's postulate fulfilment, rare retention of clinical strains for subsequent confirmation, and the polymicrobial nature of P. agglomerans clinical reports should be considered in biosafety assessment of beneficial strains in this species.
Topics: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; Cluster Analysis; DNA Fingerprinting; DNA Gyrase; DNA, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Markers; Genotype; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Pantoea; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 19772624
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-204 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Mar 2022Pantoea ananatis is an emerging plant pathogen that causes disease in economically important crops such as rice, corn, onion, melon, and pineapple, and it also infects...
Negatively Regulated Aerobactin and Desferrioxamine E by Fur in Pantoea ananatis Are Required for Full Siderophore Production and Antibacterial Activity, but Not for Virulence.
Pantoea ananatis is an emerging plant pathogen that causes disease in economically important crops such as rice, corn, onion, melon, and pineapple, and it also infects humans and insects. In this study, we identified biosynthetic gene clusters of aerobactin and desferrioxamine E (DFO-E) siderophores by using the complete genome of PA13 isolated from rice sheath rot. PA13 exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against Erwinia amylovora and Yersinia enterocolitica (). Mutants of aerobactin or DFO-E maintained antibacterial activity against E. amylovora and Y. enterocolitica, as well as in a siderophore activity assay. However, double aerobactin and DFO-E gene deletion mutants completely lost siderophore and antibacterial activity. These results reveal that both siderophore biosynthetic gene clusters are essential for siderophore production and antibacterial activity in PA13. A ferric uptake regulator protein (Fur) mutant exhibited a significant increase in siderophore production, and a Fur-overexpressing strain completely lost antibacterial activity. Expression of the , and genes was significantly increased in the Δ mutant background, and expression of these genes returned to wild-type levels after compensation. These results indicate that Fur negatively regulates aerobactin and DFO-E siderophores. However, siderophore production was not required for virulence in plants, but it appears to be involved in the microbial ecology surrounding the plant environment. This study is the first to report the regulation and functional characteristics of siderophore biosynthetic genes in . Pantoea ananatis is a bacterium that causes diseases in several economically important crops, as well as in insects and humans. This bacterium has been studied extensively as a potentially dangerous pathogen due to its saprophytic ability. Recently, the types, biosynthetic gene clusters, and origin of the siderophores in the genus were determined by using genome comparative analyses. However, few genetic studies have investigated the characteristics and functions of siderophores in . The results of this study revealed that the production of aerobactin and desferrioxamine E in the rice pathogen PA13 is negatively regulated by Fur and that these siderophores are essential for antibacterial activity against Erwinia amylovora and Yersinia enterocolitica (). However, siderophore production was not required for virulence in plants, but it appears to be involved in the microbial ecology surrounding the plant environment.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Hydroxamic Acids; Lactams; Pantoea; Siderophores; Virulence
PubMed: 35108090
DOI: 10.1128/aem.02405-21 -
Microorganisms Jan 2020Distinctive strains of are used as soil inoculants for their ability to promote plant growth. strain C1, previously isolated from the phyllosphere of lettuce, can...
Distinctive strains of are used as soil inoculants for their ability to promote plant growth. strain C1, previously isolated from the phyllosphere of lettuce, can produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), solubilize phosphate, and inhibit plant pathogens, such as . In this paper, the complete genome sequence of strain C1 is reported. In addition, experimental evidence is provided on how the strain tolerates arsenate As (V) up to 100 mM, and on how secreted metabolites like IAA and siderophores act as biostimulants in tomato cuttings. The strain has a circular chromosome and two prophages for a total genome of 4,846,925-bp, with a DNA G+C content of 55.2%. Genes related to plant growth promotion and biocontrol activity, such as those associated with IAA and spermidine synthesis, solubilization of inorganic phosphate, acquisition of ferrous iron, and production of volatile organic compounds, siderophores and GABA, were found in the genome of strain C1. Genome analysis also provided better understanding of the mechanisms underlying strain resistance to multiple toxic heavy metals and transmission of these genes by horizontal gene transfer. Findings suggested that strain C1 exhibits high biotechnological potential as plant growth-promoting bacterium in heavy metal polluted soils.
PubMed: 31979031
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020153 -
PloS One 2021Pantoea agglomerans is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacillus causing a wide range of opportunistic infections in humans including septicemia, pneumonia, septic...
Pantoea agglomerans is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacillus causing a wide range of opportunistic infections in humans including septicemia, pneumonia, septic arthritis, wound infections and meningitis. To date, the determinants of virulence, antibiotic resistance, metabolic features conferring survival and host-associated pathogenic potential of this bacterium remain largely underexplored. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the whole-genome of P. agglomerans KM1 isolated from kimchi in South Korea. The genome contained one circular chromosome of 4,039,945 bp, 3 mega plasmids, and 2 prophages. The phage-derived genes encoded integrase, lysozyme and terminase. Six CRISPR loci were identified within the bacterial chromosome. Further in-depth analysis showed that the genome contained 13 antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance to clinically important antibiotics such as penicillin G, bacitracin, rifampicin, vancomycin, and fosfomycin. Genes involved in adaptations to environmental stress were also identified which included factors providing resistance to osmotic lysis, oxidative stress, as well as heat and cold shock. The genomic analysis of virulence factors led to identification of a type VI secretion system, hemolysin, filamentous hemagglutinin, and genes involved in iron uptake and sequestration. Finally, the data provided here show that, the KM1 isolate exerted strong immunostimulatory properties on RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro. Stimulated cells produced Nitric Oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The upstream signaling for production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and NO depended on TLR4 and TLR1/2. While production of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO involved solely activation of the NF-κB, IL-10 secretion was largely dependent on NF-κB and to a lesser extent on MAPK Kinases. Taken together, the analysis of the whole-genome and immunostimulatory properties provided in-depth characterization of the P. agglomerans KM1 isolate shedding a new light on determinants of virulence that drive its interactions with the environment, other microorganisms and eukaryotic hosts.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Cytokines; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Genomics; Humans; Macrophages; Mice; NF-kappa B; Pantoea; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases; Plasmids; Prophages; RAW 264.7 Cells; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 33406073
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239792 -
Microorganisms Aug 2021The bacterial genus has been widely evaluated as promising bacteria to increase phosphorus (P) availability in soil. The aim of this study was to characterize the...
The bacterial genus has been widely evaluated as promising bacteria to increase phosphorus (P) availability in soil. The aim of this study was to characterize the phosphate solubilizing (PS) activity of a strain and to evaluate the impact of its application in a semi-arid soil on phosphate availability and structure of the bacterial communities as a whole. An incubation experiment under close-to-natural soil environmental conditions was conducted for 15 days at 30 °C. High-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize and to compare the bacterial community structure of -inoculated soil with non-inoculated control. Furthermore, a qPCR-based method was developed for detection and quantification of the functional genes related to the expression of mineral phosphate solubilization (MPS) phenotype in . The results showed that in vitro solubilization of Ca(PO) by strain was very efficient (980 mg/L), and it was associated with a drop in pH due to the secretion of gluconic acid; these changes were concomitant with the detection of and genes. Moreover, inoculum application significantly increased the content of available P in semi-arid soil by 69%. Metagenomic analyses showed that treatment modified the overall edaphic bacterial community, significantly impacting its structure and composition. In particular, during inoculation the relative abundance of bacteria belonging to Firmicutes (mainly class) significantly increased, whereas the abundance of Actinobacteria together with Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi phyla decreased. Furthermore, genera known for their phosphate solubilizing activity, such as , , , and were exclusively detected in -treated soil. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that changes in soil bacterial community composition were closely affected by soil characteristics, such as pH and available P. This study explores the effect of the inoculation of on the bacterial community structure of a semi-arid soil. The effectiveness in improving the phosphate availability and modification in soil bacterial community suggested that represent a promising environmental-friendly biofertilizer in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.
PubMed: 34442740
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081661 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023The bacterial genus comprises species found in a variety of different environmental sources. spp. are often recovered from plant material and are capable of both...
The bacterial genus comprises species found in a variety of different environmental sources. spp. are often recovered from plant material and are capable of both benefitting the plants and acting like phytopathogens. Some species of (including ) are considered opportunistic human pathogens capable of causing various infections in immunocompromised subjects. In this study, a strain of (identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing) was isolated from a dead specimen of an unidentified Latvian grasshopper species. The retrieved strain of was then used as a host for the potential retrieval of phages from the same source material. After rounds of plaque purification and propagation, three high-titer lysates corresponding to putatively distinct phages were acquired. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that one of the phages was a myophage with an unusual morphology, while the two others were typical podophages. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for each of these isolated phages. Genome de novo assembly and subsequent functional annotation confirmed that three different strictly lytic phages were isolated. Elaborate genomic characterization of the acquired phages was performed to elucidate their place within the so-far-uncovered phage diversity.
Topics: Humans; Bacteriophages; Pantoea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 36768143
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031820