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Poultry Science Sep 2020An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary pantothenic acid levels on growth performance, carcass traits, pantothenic acid status, and antioxidant...
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary pantothenic acid levels on growth performance, carcass traits, pantothenic acid status, and antioxidant status of male white Pekin ducks from 15 to 42 D of age and to evaluate the requirement of this vitamin for growing ducks. Different levels pantothenic acid (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/kg) were supplemented to a corn-soy isolate protein basal diet to produce 6 dietary treatments with different analyzed total pantothenic acid levels (4.52, 6.44, 8.37, 9.88, 12.32, and 14.61 mg/kg). A total of 240 15-day-old male white Pekin ducks were allotted to 6 dietary treatments with 8 replicate pens of 5 birds per pen. At 42 D of age, growth performance, carcass traits, tissue pantothenic acid concentrations, and antioxidant status of white Pekin ducks were examined. Significant effects of dietary pantothenic acid on BW, average daily weight gain (ADG), plasma, and liver pantothenic acid concentrations were observed (P < 0.05) but not carcass traits. The growing ducks fed the basal diet without pantothenic acid supplementation had the lowest BW, ADG, plasma, and liver pantothenic acid content among all ducks (P < 0.05). In addition, the ducks fed the basal diet without pantothenic acid supplementation showed the lowest antioxidant capacity indicated by greatest plasma malondialdehyde content and lowest liver total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05). And, these criteria responded linearly as dietary pantothenic acid levels increased (P < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary pantothenic acid supplementation improved growth performance and antioxidant status of the growing ducks. In accordance with the broken-line model, the pantothenic acid requirements (based on dietary total pantothenic acid) of male white Pekin ducks from 15 to 42 D of age for BW, ADG, and plasma and liver pantothenic acid contents were 10.18, 10.27, 12.06, and 10.79 mg/kg, respectively.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Ducks; Enzyme Activation; Growth; Male; Oxidoreductases; Pantothenic Acid; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 32867987
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.021 -
Yeast (Chichester, England) Apr 2020Chemically defined media for yeast cultivation (CDMY) were developed to support fast growth, experimental reproducibility, and quantitative analysis of growth rates and... (Review)
Review
Chemically defined media for yeast cultivation (CDMY) were developed to support fast growth, experimental reproducibility, and quantitative analysis of growth rates and biomass yields. In addition to mineral salts and a carbon substrate, popular CDMYs contain seven to nine B-group vitamins, which are either enzyme cofactors or precursors for their synthesis. Despite the widespread use of CDMY in fundamental and applied yeast research, the relation of their design and composition to the actual vitamin requirements of yeasts has not been subjected to critical review since their first development in the 1940s. Vitamins are formally defined as essential organic molecules that cannot be synthesized by an organism. In yeast physiology, use of the term "vitamin" is primarily based on essentiality for humans, but the genome of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae reference strain S288C harbours most of the structural genes required for synthesis of the vitamins included in popular CDMY. Here, we review the biochemistry and genetics of the biosynthesis of these compounds by S. cerevisiae and, based on a comparative genomics analysis, assess the diversity within the Saccharomyces genus with respect to vitamin prototrophy.
Topics: Biomass; Biotin; Inositol; Niacin; Pantothenic Acid; Pyridoxine; Reproducibility of Results; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Thiamine; Vitamins
PubMed: 31972058
DOI: 10.1002/yea.3461 -
Virulence 2018Aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogen, causing invasive fungal infections mainly in immunosuppressed individuals. Death rates from...
BACKGROUND
Aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogen, causing invasive fungal infections mainly in immunosuppressed individuals. Death rates from invasive aspergillosis remain high because of limited treatment options and increasing antifungal resistance. The aim of this study was to identify key fungal-specific genes participating in vitamin B biosynthesis in A. fumigatus. Because these genes are absent in humans they can serve as possible novel targets for antifungal drug development.
METHODS
By sequence homology we identified, deleted and analysed four key A. fumigatus genes (riboB, panA, pyroA, thiB) involved respectively in the biosynthesis of riboflavin (vitamin B2), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and thiamine (vitamin B1).
RESULTS
Deletion of riboB, panA, pyroA or thiB resulted in respective vitamin auxotrophy. Lack of riboflavin and pantothenic acid biosynthesis perturbed many cellular processes including iron homeostasis. Virulence in murine pulmonary and systemic models of infection was severely attenuated following deletion of riboB and panA, strongly reduced after pyroA deletion and weakly attenuated after thiB deletion.
CONCLUSIONS
This study reveals the biosynthetic pathways of the vitamins riboflavin and pantothenic acid as attractive targets for novel antifungal therapy. Moreover, the virulence studies with auxotrophic mutants serve to identify the availability of nutrients to pathogens in host niches.
ABBREVIATIONS
BPS: bathophenanthrolinedisulfonate; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CFU: colony forming unit; -Fe: iron starvation; +Fe: iron sufficiency; hFe: high iron; NRPSs: nonribosomal peptide synthetases; PKSs: polyketide synthaseses; wt: wild type.
Topics: Animals; Aspergillosis; Aspergillus fumigatus; Biosynthetic Pathways; Female; Fungal Proteins; GTP Cyclohydrolase; Gene Deletion; Homeostasis; Humans; Iron; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Pantothenic Acid; Phosphorylases; Riboflavin; Virulence
PubMed: 30052132
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1482181 -
European Journal of Pharmacology Jan 2024Vanin1 (VNN1) is an exogenous enzyme with pantetheinase activity that mainly exerts physiological functions through enzyme catalysis products, including pantothenic acid... (Review)
Review
Vanin1 (VNN1) is an exogenous enzyme with pantetheinase activity that mainly exerts physiological functions through enzyme catalysis products, including pantothenic acid and cysteamine. In recent years, the crosstalk between VNN1 and metabolism and oxidative stress has attracted much attention. As a result of the ability of VNN1 to affect multiple metabolic pathways and oxidative stress to exacerbate or alleviate pathological processes, it has become a key component of disease progression. This review discusses the functions of VNN1 in glucolipid metabolism, cysteamine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism to provide perspectives on VNN1-targeted therapy for chronic diseases.
Topics: Humans; Cysteamine; Oxidative Stress; Pantothenic Acid; Chronic Disease; Disease Progression; Amidohydrolases; GPI-Linked Proteins
PubMed: 38042463
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176220 -
Cell Reports Nov 2022Metabolic rewiring is essential for Th17 cells' functional identity to sense and interpret environmental cues. However, the environmental metabolic checkpoints with...
Metabolic rewiring is essential for Th17 cells' functional identity to sense and interpret environmental cues. However, the environmental metabolic checkpoints with specific regulation of Th17 cells, manifesting potential therapeutic opportunities to autoimmune diseases, remain largely unknown. Here, by screening more than one hundred compounds derived from intestinal microbes or diet, we found that vitamin B5 (VB5) restrains Th17 cell differentiation as well as related autoimmune diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and colitis. Mechanistically, VB5 is catabolized into coenzyme A (CoA) in a pantothenate kinase (PANK)-dependent manner, and in turn, CoA binds to pyruvate kinase isoform 2 (PKM2) to impede its phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, thus inhibiting glycolysis and STAT3 phosphorylation. In humans, reduced serum VB5 levels are found in both IBD and MS patients. Collectively, our study demonstrates a role of VB5 in Th17 cell metabolic reprograming, thus providing a potential therapeutic intervention for Th17 cell-associated autoimmune diseases.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Pyruvate Kinase; Pantothenic Acid; Th17 Cells; Protein Isoforms; Coenzyme A; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental
PubMed: 36450257
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111741 -
British Medical Journal Sep 1963
Topics: Humans; Ileus; Pantothenic Acid
PubMed: 14044863
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5358.634 -
FEMS Microbiology Reviews Jan 2008Pantothenic acid, a precursor of coenzyme A (CoA), is essential for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Since the structure of pantothenic acid was determined, many... (Review)
Review
Pantothenic acid, a precursor of coenzyme A (CoA), is essential for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Since the structure of pantothenic acid was determined, many analogues of this essential metabolite have been prepared. Several have been demonstrated to exert an antimicrobial effect against a range of microorganisms by inhibiting the utilization of pantothenic acid, validating pantothenic acid utilization as a potential novel antimicrobial drug target. This review commences with an overview of the mechanisms by which various microorganisms acquire the pantothenic acid they require for growth, and the universal CoA biosynthesis pathway by which pantothenic acid is converted into CoA. A detailed survey of studies that have investigated the inhibitory activity of analogues of pantothenic acid and other precursors of CoA follows. The potential of inhibitors of both pantothenic acid utilization and biosynthesis as novel antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial agents is discussed, focusing on inhibitors and substrates of pantothenate kinase, the enzyme catalysing the rate-limiting step of CoA biosynthesis in many organisms. The best strategies are considered for identifying inhibitors of pantothenic acid utilization and biosynthesis that are potent and selective inhibitors of microbial growth and that may be suitable for use as chemotherapeutic agents in humans.
Topics: Acyl Carrier Protein; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Coenzyme A; Drug Design; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fungi; Humans; Malaria; Pantothenic Acid; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); Plasmodium
PubMed: 18173393
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2007.00093.x -
European Review For Medical and... Jan 2021Colistin is a potent antibiotic which is mainly preferred in the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacilli. However, due to the increased risk of...
OBJECTIVE
Colistin is a potent antibiotic which is mainly preferred in the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacilli. However, due to the increased risk of acute kidney injury following its use, the clinical application is limited. This nephrotoxicity is known to be induced by oxidative stress and related inflammation. In this study on rats, potent antioxidants Dexpanthenol (DEX) and Ascorbic acid (Vit C) have been administered in combination with Colistin to find out whether they would weaken Colistin's nephrotoxic effects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Inflammation biomarkers were studied with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, and oxidative stress biomarkers were studied with different photometric methods in blood and tissue samples taken after treatment with DEX and Vit C in rats with colistin nephrotoxicity. In addition, inflammation and necrosis in the kidney tissues were examined pathologically.
RESULTS
It has been observed in the serum and tissue samples that DEX and Vit C decrease oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers, therefore acting as nephroprotective agents.
CONCLUSIONS
These compounds have been found to ameliorate the nephrotoxic effects of Colistin, which were demonstrated in the rats treated with Colistin, as well as the combinations.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Colistin; Disease Models, Animal; Inflammation; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Pantothenic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 33577057
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202101_24671 -
American Journal of Physiology. Cell... Jul 2018Intestinal absorption of the water-soluble vitamins biotin and pantothenic acid is carrier mediated and involves the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT;...
Intestinal absorption of the water-soluble vitamins biotin and pantothenic acid is carrier mediated and involves the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT; product of the SLC5A6 gene). We recently observed that intestinal-specific (conditional) knockout of the mouse Slc5a6 gene (SMVT-cKO) is associated with growth retardation, the development of spontaneous and severe inflammation, abnormal histology in the large intestine, altered gut permeability, and early death. Our aim in this study was to examine the possibility that biotin and pantothenic acid oversupplementation (BPS) of the SMVT-cKO mice could reverse the above-described abnormalities. BPS was provided in the drinking water to mice before conception, to dams during pregnancy and lactation, and to the SMVT-cKO mice throughout their life. Our findings showed that such a regimen prevents early death, as well as normalizes the growth rate, intestinal integrity, pathology, and inflammation in SMVT-cKO mice. These findings provide clear evidence for a role for biotin and/or pantothenic acid in the maintenance of normal intestinal integrity and health.
Topics: Animals; Biotin; Female; Inflammation; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactation; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Pantothenic Acid; Pregnancy; Symporters
PubMed: 29669219
DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00319.2017 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Aug 2015The role of symbiosis in bacterial symbiont genome evolution is well understood, yet the ways that symbiosis shapes host genomes or more particularly, host/symbiont... (Review)
Review
The role of symbiosis in bacterial symbiont genome evolution is well understood, yet the ways that symbiosis shapes host genomes or more particularly, host/symbiont genome coevolution in the holobiont is only now being revealed. Here, we identify three coevolutionary signatures that characterize holobiont genomes. The first signature, host/symbiont collaboration, arises when completion of essential pathways requires host/endosymbiont genome complementarity. Metabolic collaboration has evolved numerous times in the pathways of amino acid and vitamin biosynthesis. Here, we highlight collaboration in branched-chain amino acid and pantothenate (vitamin B5) biosynthesis. The second coevolutionary signature is acquisition, referring to the observation that holobiont genomes acquire novel genetic material through various means, including gene duplication, lateral gene transfer from bacteria that are not their current obligate symbionts, and full or partial endosymbiont replacement. The third signature, constraint, introduces the idea that holobiont genome evolution is constrained by the processes governing symbiont genome evolution. In addition, we propose that collaboration is constrained by the expression profile of the cell lineage from which endosymbiont-containing host cells, called bacteriocytes, are derived. In particular, we propose that such differences in bacteriocyte cell lineage may explain differences in patterns of host/endosymbiont metabolic collaboration between the sap-feeding suborders Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhynca. Finally, we review recent studies at the frontier of symbiosis research that are applying functional genomic approaches to characterization of the developmental and cellular mechanisms of host/endosymbiont integration, work that heralds a new era in symbiosis research.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Animals; Bacteria; Buchnera; Cell Lineage; Cytoplasm; Evolution, Molecular; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genome; Genome, Bacterial; Hemiptera; Pantothenic Acid; Symbiosis
PubMed: 26039986
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1423305112