-
Annals of Surgery Dec 1971
Topics: Adult; Aged; Colonic Neoplasms; Cystadenoma; Female; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pennsylvania; Rectal Neoplasms; Sutures
PubMed: 5132429
DOI: 10.1097/00000658-197112000-00020 -
Epigenetics Mar 2013Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for around 3% of cancers in the UK, and both incidence and mortality are increasing with the aging population. RCC can be divided...
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for around 3% of cancers in the UK, and both incidence and mortality are increasing with the aging population. RCC can be divided into several subtypes: conventional RCC (the most common, comprising 75% of all cases), papillary RCC (15%) and chromophobe RCC (5%). Renal oncocytoma is a benign tumor and accounts for 5% of RCC. Cancer and epigenetics are closely associated, with DNA hypermethylation being widely accepted as a feature of many cancers. In this study the DNA methylation profiles of chromophobe RCC and renal oncocytomas were investigated by utilizing the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. Cancer-specific hypermethylation was identified in 9.4% and 5.2% of loci in chromophobe RCC and renal oncocytoma samples, respectively, while the majority of the genome was hypomethylated. Thirty (hypermethylated) and 41 (hypomethylated) genes were identified as differentially methylated between chromophobe RCC and renal oncocytomas (p < 0.05). Pathway analysis identified some of the differentially hypermethylated genes to be involved in Wnt (EN2), MAPK (CACNG7) and TGFβ (AMH) signaling, Hippo pathway (NPHP4), and cell death and apoptosis (SPG20, NKX6-2, PAX3 and BAG2). In addition, we analyzed ccRCC and papillary RCC data available from The Cancer Genome Atlas portal to identify differentially methylated loci in chromophobe RCC and renal oncocytoma in relation to the other histological subtypes, providing insight into the pathology of RCC subtypes and classification of renal tumors.
Topics: Adenoma, Oxyphilic; Apoptosis; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; DNA Methylation; DNA, Neoplasm; Epigenesis, Genetic; Genome, Human; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Wnt Signaling Pathway
PubMed: 23428843
DOI: 10.4161/epi.23817 -
Diagnostic Pathology Sep 2021Thyroid tumors are often difficult to histopathologically diagnose, particularly follicular adenoma (FA) and follicular carcinoma (FC). Papillary carcinoma (PAC) has...
BACKGROUND
Thyroid tumors are often difficult to histopathologically diagnose, particularly follicular adenoma (FA) and follicular carcinoma (FC). Papillary carcinoma (PAC) has several histological subtypes. Periostin (PON), which is a non-collagenous extracellular matrix molecule, has been implicated in tumor invasiveness. We herein aimed to elucidate the expression status and localization of PON in thyroid tumors.
METHOD
We collected 105 cases of thyroid nodules, which included cases of adenomatous goiter, FA, microcarcinoma (MIC), PAC, FC, poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDCa), and undifferentiated carcinoma (UCa), and immunohistochemically examined the PON expression patterns of these lesions.
RESULTS
Stromal PON deposition was detected in PAC and MIC, particularly in the solid/sclerosing subtype, whereas FA and FC showed weak deposition on the fibrous capsule. However, the invasive and/or extracapsular regions of microinvasive FC showed quite strong PON expression. Except for it, we could not find any significant histopathological differences between FA and FC. There were no other significant histopathological differences between FA and FC. Although PDCa showed a similar PON expression pattern to PAC, UCa exhibited stromal PON deposition in its invasive portions and cytoplasmic expression in its carcinoma cells. Although there was only one case of UCa, it showed strong PON immunopositivity. PAC and MIC showed similar patterns of stromal PON deposition, particularly at the invasive front.
CONCLUSIONS
PON may play a role in the invasion of thyroid carcinomas, particularly PAC and UCa, whereas it may act as a barrier to the growth of tumor cells in FA and minimally invasive FC.
Topics: Adenoma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Papillary; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Differentiation; Female; Goiter; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Predictive Value of Tests; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroid Nodule; Young Adult
PubMed: 34563225
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01146-8 -
Pathology Oncology Research : POR Jul 2018The new WHO 2016 classification of renal neoplasia encounters the new entity called "clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma" (ccpRCC). The ccpRCC has been long... (Review)
Review
The Tumor Entity Denominated "clear cell-papillary renal cell carcinoma" According to the WHO 2016 new Classification, have the Clinical Characters of a Renal Cell Adenoma as does Harbor a Benign Outcome.
The new WHO 2016 classification of renal neoplasia encounters the new entity called "clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma" (ccpRCC). The ccpRCC has been long included as a subtype of clear cell RCC histotype and it actually ranges from 2 to 9% in different routinely available cohort of renal carcinomas. Of important note, ccpRCC does not show any recurrences or metastases or lymph-node invasion and the outcome is always good. We reviewed twenty-four publications with available follow-up for patients (no. 362) affected by clear cell papillary RCCs/renal adenomatoid tumours and notably ccpRCC harbors an indolent clinical behavior after a mean of 38 months (3,5 years) of follow-up. This paper reviews the histological, molecular and clinical features characterizing ccpRCC, with the goal of focusing the knowledge of the benign fashion of this new tumour entity, supporting the idea of a new renal cell adenoma recruited morphologically from ex conventional clear cell RCC tumours.
Topics: Adenoma; Carcinoma, Papillary; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 28695322
DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0271-x -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Ectopic thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)oma located outside the sella turcica is exceedingly rare and can be associated with significant diagnostic delay. The clinical... (Review)
Review
Ectopic thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)oma located outside the sella turcica is exceedingly rare and can be associated with significant diagnostic delay. The clinical presentation depends on the anatomical location and size of the ectopic tumor and the degree of thyrotoxicosis. A 71-year-old woman presented with goiter and thyrotoxicosis. Initial investigations revealed elevated free thyroxine (fT4) and tri-iodothyronine (fT3) with inappropriately high-normal TSH. Assay interference was unlikely, pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was reported as "normal," and germline sequencing was negative for thyroid hormone receptor ß pathogenic variants. One year later, total thyroidectomy for enlarging symptomatic goiter and suspicious nodule revealed multifocal microscopic papillary thyroid carcinoma. Six years later, she presented to an ear, nose, and throat surgeon with nasal congestion, and a sphenoid bone mass was discovered on nasoendoscopy and imaging. Ectopic TSHoma was confirmed on surgical resection, and a review of the initial pituitary MRI scan revealed the mass which had initially been missed. This is the first reported case of an ectopic TSHoma located in the sphenoid bone. Ectopic TSHoma should be considered in patients with inappropriate TSH secretion when more common differentials are excluded including thyroid hormone resistance or pituitary TSHoma.
Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Delayed Diagnosis; Female; Goiter; Humans; Pituitary Neoplasms; Sphenoid Bone; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyrotoxicosis; Thyrotropin
PubMed: 36004344
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.961256 -
Surgical Endoscopy Nov 2020In recent years, with the development of endoscopic techniques, endoscopic resection is widely used for duodenal papillary adenomas, but conventional endoscopic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
In recent years, with the development of endoscopic techniques, endoscopic resection is widely used for duodenal papillary adenomas, but conventional endoscopic resection has a high rate of incomplete resection and recurrence. On this basis, we have employed a novel modified endoscopic papillectomy (ESP). In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and advantages of this ESP for the treatment of duodenal major papilla adenoma.
METHODS
A total of 56 patients with duodenal major papilla adenoma confirmed by endoscopic ultrasonography, intraluminal ultrasound and gastroscopic biopsy from October 2007 to June 2017 were collected in the Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. The diameter of the adenoma ranged from 1.41 to 2.02 cm. 16 cases were given the conventional method and 40 cases underwent the modified ESP procedure in which a small incision was made by cutting current when anchoring the snare tip on the distal side of the adenoma.
RESULTS
En bloc resection rate was significantly higher in the modified group (100%, 40/40) than that in the conventional group (81.3%, 13/16; P = 0.02). However, no significance was seen between the modified group and the conventional group in complete resection rate (92.5%, 37/40 vs 93.8%, 15/16; P = 1.00). There was no significant difference in the number and difficulty of postoperative pancreatic and biliary stents placement between the two groups (P = 0.20). Total bleeding occurrence was much lower in the modified group (37.5%, 15/40 vs 87.5%, 14/16; P = 0.001), and no significant differences were found in other short-term complications and the 3, 6, 12 and 24 months recurrences rate between the conventional and modified ESP groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The modified ESP improves the treatment outcome of duodenal major papilla adenoma with higher en bloc resection rate and lowering bleeding rate.
Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Ampulla of Vater; Biopsy; Blood Loss, Surgical; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms; Endosonography; Feasibility Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic; Stents; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32666256
DOI: 10.1007/s00464-020-07715-0 -
PloS One 2013Fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR-2) plays an important role in tumorigenesis. In thyroid cancer it has been observed a FGFR-2 down-modulation, but the role of...
Fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR-2) plays an important role in tumorigenesis. In thyroid cancer it has been observed a FGFR-2 down-modulation, but the role of this receptor has not been yet clarified. Therefore, we decided to examine the expression of both FGFR-2 isoform, FGFR-2-IIIb and FGFR-2-IIIc, in different histological thyroid variants such as hyperplasia, follicular adenoma and papillary carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative Real-Time PCR analyses were performed on samples of hyperplasia, follicular adenoma and papillary carcinoma, compared with normal thyroid tissue. Thyroid hyperplasia did not show statistically significant reduction in FGFR-2 protein and mRNA levels. Interestingly, in both follicular adenoma and papillary carcinoma samples we observed a strongly reduced expression of both FGFR-2 isoforms. We speculate that FGFR-2 down-modulation might be an early event in thyroid carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we suggest the potential use of FGFR-2 as an early marker for thyroid cancer diagnosis.
Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma, Papillary; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Hyperplasia; Male; Middle Aged; Protein Isoforms; RNA, Messenger; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; Signal Transduction; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 23977259
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072224 -
Head and Neck Pathology Jun 2020Papillary salivary gland neoplasms are rare tumors usually arising in the minor salivary glands of the oral cavity. Their classification has been historically confusing...
Papillary salivary gland neoplasms are rare tumors usually arising in the minor salivary glands of the oral cavity. Their classification has been historically confusing due to overlapping histologic features, but molecular analysis may clarify these entities. Sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a peculiar member of this group that demonstrates both an endophytic ductal and an exophytic squamous component. SP closely resembles syringocystadenoma papilliferum of the skin, a tumor which has recently been shown to harbor BRAF V600E or HRAS mutations. We sought to perform histologic and immunophenotypic analysis of a group of SP, along with BRAF and HRAS mutational analysis. We collected 13 SP cases from 7 females and 6 males ranging from 2 to 91 years (mean 62.8). Five exophytic ductal papillomas were also analyzed as controls. Histological analysis was performed along with immunohistochemistry for CK7, p63, and SOX10. BRAF VE1 immunohistochemistry was done in all tumors, and BRAF V600E and HRAS Sanger sequencing was successfully performed in all but two cases. Histologic analysis revealed that SP consisted not only of classic SP (9 of 13 cases) but also an oncocytic variant (4 of 13 cases) characterized by a glandular component that uniformly exhibited abundant granular cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli. By immunohistochemistry, all SP demonstrated luminal CK7 and basal p63 expression, but SOX10 was expressed only in conventional SP (9 of 9 cases). BRAF VE1 immunohistochemistry was positive in 9 of 9 conventional SP but 0 of 4 oncocytic SP; staining was present in both the exophytic and endophytic components. BRAF V600E mutational status was confirmed by Sanger sequencing in 11 cases (7 conventional and 4 oncocytic). The exophytic ductal papillomas were negative for BRAF mutations, and all tumors tested were negative for HRAS mutations. In summary, we demonstrated that SP consists of two variants: (1) conventional SP which is SOX10-positive and harbors BRAF V600E mutations similar to syringocystadenoma papilliferum of the skin; and (2) an oncocytic variant which is SOX10-negative and negative for BRAF mutations. We also demonstrated that both the endophytic glandular component and exophytic squamous components of conventional SP harbor BRAF V600E mutations and are therefore neoplastic.
Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Salivary Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 31473937
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-019-01068-4 -
Diagnostic Pathology Mar 2015Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for napsin A has been widely used to support a diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma with high sensitivity. In this study, we evaluated...
BACKGROUND
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for napsin A has been widely used to support a diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma with high sensitivity. In this study, we evaluated immunoreactivity for napsin A in a broad spectrum of renal neoplasms by using tissue microarrays (TMA).
METHODS
Duplicate TMA of 159 surgically excised renal neoplasms of various types were constructed. IHC for napsin A was performed on TMAs with appropriate positive and negative controls.
RESULTS
Napsin A was expressed in Acquired cystic disease associated renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (2/2, 100.0%), chromophobe RCC (5/45, 11.1%), clear cell RCC (10/23, 43.5%), clear cell papillary RCC (9/19, 47.4%), metanephric adenoma (3/3, 100.0%), oncocytoma (13/23, 56.5%), and papillary RCC (31/37, 83.8%). Expression of napsin A was not seen in mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (0/1, 0.0%), TFE/MITF RCC 0/1, 0.0%), and urothelial carcinoma (0/6, 0.0%).
CONCLUSIONS
Napsin A is expressed in both common and rare sub-types of renal neoplasms with variable sensitivity. Based on our results, napsin A is not specific for lung adenocarcinoma. When a metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary is positive for napsin A, the differential diagnosis should include tumors of both renal and lung origin.
VIRTUAL SLIDES
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/9558727831304717 .
Topics: Adenoma; Adenoma, Oxyphilic; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Kidney Neoplasms; Nephrectomy; Predictive Value of Tests; Tissue Array Analysis
PubMed: 25889632
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0242-z -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Apr 2011Claudin-4, encoding a protein for tight junction formation and function, is highly overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and is also associated with invasive...
Claudin-4, encoding a protein for tight junction formation and function, is highly overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and is also associated with invasive adenocarcinomas arising in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. However, the expression pattern of claudin-4 during neoplastic progression of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms remains unknown. Using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR, we analyzed claudin-4 mRNA in a panel of 14 pancreatic cancer cell lines and in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 80 patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of different histological grades and papillary subtypes. Increased expression of claudin-4 was confirmed in all the pancreatic cancer cell lines tested as compared with normal ductal epithelial cells and fibroblast cultures. The claudin-4 expression was significantly higher in high-grade intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (borderline neoplasm and carcinoma) than in low-grade intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (adenoma) (P<0.0001). In addition, claudin-4 mRNA levels were significantly higher in intestinal-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms than in non-intestinal-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms based on papillary subclassification (P<0.0001). Our findings suggest that claudin-4 expression is associated with neoplastic progression of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and, especially, with a distinct pathway to intestinal differentiation.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Adenoma; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Claudin-4; Fixatives; Formaldehyde; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Japan; Membrane Proteins; Neoplasm Staging; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Paraffin Embedding; RNA, Messenger; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tissue Fixation; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 21102412
DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.218