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BMJ Case Reports Jan 2013Synchronously occurring primary gynecological malignancies are rare, and most commonly reported synchronous female genital malignancies are ovarian and endometrial. It...
Synchronously occurring primary gynecological malignancies are rare, and most commonly reported synchronous female genital malignancies are ovarian and endometrial. It is postulated that the extended Mullerian system, comprising the ovarian epithelium, fallopian tube, uterine corpus and cervix, may respond as a single morphological unit to a carcinogenic process, thus producing primary tumours at above-mentioned sites in varying combinations. We are reporting for the first time, an unusual occurrence of synchronous papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary and squamous cell carcinoma of lower vagina. Clinical implications of this case along with the multicentric concept of tumourigenesis and diagnosis of synchronous female genital malignancies are briefly discussed. Index case is probably a chance occurrence, as it cannot be explained by the current concepts of multicentric tumourogenesis in the female genital tract. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to explain simultaneous tumourogenesis in embryologically different tissues.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Ovarian Neoplasms; Vaginal Neoplasms
PubMed: 23314878
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-007868 -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Jan 2012DNA aneuploidy has been identified as a prognostic factor in the majority of epithelial malignancies. We aimed at identifying ploidy-associated protein expression in...
DNA aneuploidy has been identified as a prognostic factor in the majority of epithelial malignancies. We aimed at identifying ploidy-associated protein expression in endometrial cancer of different prognostic subgroups. Comparison of gel electrophoresis-based protein expression patterns between normal endometrium (n = 5), diploid (n = 7), and aneuploid (n = 7) endometrial carcinoma detected 121 ploidy-associated protein forms, 42 differentially expressed between normal endometrium and diploid endometrioid carcinomas, 37 between diploid and aneuploid endometrioid carcinomas, and 41 between diploid endometrioid and aneuploid uterine papillary serous cancer. Proteins were identified by mass spectrometry and evaluated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Targets were confirmed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry identified 41 distinct polypeptides and pathway analysis resulted in high-ranked networks with vimentin and Nf-κB as central nodes. These results identify ploidy-associated protein expression differences that overrule histopathology-associated expression differences and emphasize particular protein networks in genomic stability of endometrial cancer.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aneuploidy; Carcinoma, Endometrioid; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous; Endometrial Neoplasms; Endometrium; Female; Genomic Instability; Humans; Middle Aged; NF-kappa B; Protein Array Analysis; Proteomics; Vimentin
PubMed: 21739232
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0752-0 -
World Journal of Oncology Aug 2010Psammoma bodies (PBs) are observed most commonly in papillary thyroid carcinoma, meningioma, and papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. We report one case of...
Psammoma bodies (PBs) are observed most commonly in papillary thyroid carcinoma, meningioma, and papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. We report one case of peritoneal malignant mesothelioma (PMM) with massive deposition of PBs. A 72-years-old man presented with abdominal swelling and marked weight loss. Contrast enhanced computed tomography showed fluid diffuse in peritoneal recesses, thick septa with micronodules in the greater omentum and adjacent enhancement of the thickened peritoneum. The explorative laparoscopy showed diffuse minute parietal peritoneal nodules. The peritoneal biopsy revealed a superficial papillary growth of malignant epithelial-like cells with diffuse involvement of submesothelial tissues. Massive deposition of PBs was observed. Nuclear and cytoplasmic calretinin immunoreactivity was present in neoplastic cells along with membranous D2-40 and membranous/cytoplasmic cytokeratin 5 staining. The patient was treated with chemotherapy (gemcitabine, vinorelbine, cisplatin). PBs may represent an active biologic process ultimately leading to degeneration/death of tumor cells and retardation of growth of the neoplasm. It may also serve as a barrier against the spread of tumor. Psammomatous malignant mesothelioma may simulate serous psammocarcinoma of the peritoneum. The behavior of serous psammocarcinoma is more closely similar to borderline serous tumor than to serous carcinoma. Further studies are necessary to establish if massive deposition of PBs may define a new variant of psammomatous malignant mesothelioma with a favorable impact to the prognosis of usual psammomatous malignant mesothelioma, as well as in serous psammocarcinoma of the peritoneum.
PubMed: 29147203
DOI: 10.4021/wjon230w -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... May 2011Cystic tumors of the pancreas are rare, accounting for 10% of pancreatic cysts and 1% of all pancreatic tumors; surgery is dictated by their malignant potential.
BACKGROUND
Cystic tumors of the pancreas are rare, accounting for 10% of pancreatic cysts and 1% of all pancreatic tumors; surgery is dictated by their malignant potential.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the malignancy rate of pancreatic cystic tumors and patient outcome, and to determine predictors for malignant potential.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent pancreatic resection for cystic tumors between January 1996 and December 2007.
RESULTS
The charts showed that 116 patients were operated on for a pancreatic cystic tumor; most were women (63%). The chief complaint was abdominal pain (57%). Incidental detection occurred in 27%. Preoperative workup included ultrasound, tomography, endoscopic ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Indications for surgery were mucinous tumor, symptomatic or enlarging cyst under surveillance, high carcinoembryonic antigen levels within the cyst, and typical manifestations of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT). All tumors but one were resectable. Whipple operation was performed in 40%, distal pancreatectomy in 55% and total pancreatectomy in 5%. Mucinous tumors were found in 40%, of which 37T were cystadenocarcinoma and/or borderline tumor. IPMT was found in 39%; 38% of them with cancer. Other pathologies included symptomatic serous cystadenomas, neuroendocrine cystic tumors and pseudopapillary tumors. The perioperative mortality rate was 2.6%. Five-year survival rates for patients with benign vs. invasive/borderline mucinous neoplasms was 90% vs. 59%, and for non-invasive vs. invasive IPMT 89% vs. 45% respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Cystic tumors of the pancreas should be carefully evaluated. Surgery should be considered when a mucinous component is suspected due to the high rate of malignancy. Complete resection carries a high cure rate even in the presence of cancer.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Israel; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatectomy; Pancreatic Cyst; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Patient Selection; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Factors; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 21845969
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Cancer Research 2017Heat shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2) is known to be involved in tumor progression. However, its molecular role and mechanism in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains...
Heat shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2) is known to be involved in tumor progression. However, its molecular role and mechanism in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains unknown. In the present investigation, we examined the role of HSP70-2 in cell cycle, apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition pathways in EOC cells in and xenograft mouse model. To investigate the role of HSP70-2 in ovarian cancer, plasmid driven short hairpin RNA approach was used to examine HSP70-2 gene and protein expression in ovarian cancer cell line A-10 (origin: serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma), Caov-3 (origin: adenocarcinoma) and SKOV3 (origin: adenocarcinoma; derived from metastatic site: ascites) by RT-PCR, quantitative-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, viability tests, and flow cytometry were used to study the cellular proliferation, onset of senescence, colony forming ability and morphological features of cancer cells. Cell migration and invasion ability was evaluated by wound healing and Boyden chamber assays. Further, we studied the effect of HSP70-2 protein ablation on human ovarian xenograft mice model. At molecular level, various molecules involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition were also examined both in and xenograft mouse model. The knockdown of HSP70-2 expression by gene silencing resulted in the onset of apoptosis, senescence, reduced cellular growth and colony forming ability of EOC cells. Interestingly, the migration, invasion and wound healing abilities of cells were also significantly inhibited. In addition, the ablation of HSP70-2 resulted in the upregulation of cytochrome-C, caspase 3, caspase 7, caspase 9, APAF1, BAX, BIM, BAK, BAD, BID, PUMA, NOXA, p16, p21, Rb, E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18, EMA in these cells as well as in the xenograft tumor specimens. However, there was downregulation of PARP1, BCL-2, Bcl-x, MCL-1, Survivin, XIAP, cIAP2, CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin A2, cyclin B1, p-Rb, N-cadherin, SNAIL, SLUG, VIMENTIN, SMA, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9 and TWIST in these samples. Furthermore, the xenograft studies showed significant reduction in the tumor growth. Our results suggest that HSP70-2 can promote cellular growth and invasion of EOC cells and therefore may be a potential therapeutic target in EOC.
PubMed: 28670489
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Ovarian Research Aug 2019The role of calcineurin/NFAT signaling in ovarian cancer has been unknown. NFAT was significantly overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues and that overexpression of NFAT...
BACKGROUND
The role of calcineurin/NFAT signaling in ovarian cancer has been unknown. NFAT was significantly overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues and that overexpression of NFAT was significantly associated with metastasis and poor prognosis on clinical tissue level. To investigate whether NFAT upstream protein, calcineurin (CN), affects the prognosis in various histological subtype of ovarian cancer (OC).
METHODS
The association between CN and clinical features was analyzed in 50 OC patients treated from 2007 to 2012. CN expression was examined using immunohistochemistry. We observed the association of CN expression with the prognosis in these patients.
RESULTS
CN expression was significantly increased in later-stage tumor tissue of serous carcinoma compared with those with early-stage. The expression of CN positively correlated with the serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) level in ovarian clear-cell carcinoma and the serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level in papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma. Particularly, higher CN expression in tumor tissues significantly correlated with reduced overall survival among patients with serous carcinoma. In addition, the serum cancer antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) level, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, pathological stage, lymph node metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance were identified as significant prognostic factors in ovarian clear-cell carcinoma, serous carcinoma, or papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
CN is upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues with later-stage and that the expression of CN, CA72-4, and CEA was remarkably associated with poor prognosis in unique subtype of ovarian cancer. CN levels may be investigated for use as a prognostic biomarker for risk assessment in unique subtype of OC patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Calcineurin; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Ovarian Neoplasms; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 31399054
DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0550-0 -
Nigerian Journal of Surgery : Official... 2019Breast malignancies encompass various subtypes which differ in their clinical presentations, outcomes, and response to the treatment regimens. Thus, a proper...
BACKGROUND
Breast malignancies encompass various subtypes which differ in their clinical presentations, outcomes, and response to the treatment regimens. Thus, a proper histological diagnosis and a special mention of the rare histologic subtypes are required to formulate clear recommendations of their treatment protocols.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a 1-year retrospective study highlighting the rarely encountered subtypes on the mastectomy specimens received.
RESULTS
We encountered only 11 rare cases out of the total 153 mastectomy specimens received. The rare subtypes were as follows mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (0.6%), mucinous carcinoma (0.6%), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (0.6%), Squamous cell carcinoma (0.6%), papillary carcinoma (2.6%), medullary carcinoma (0.6%), and malignant mesenchymal tumor (1.3%).
CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that these variants are distinct clinicopathological entities with a unique hormonal receptor status. Scant information is available on the rare breast tumor subtypes.
PubMed: 31007516
DOI: 10.4103/njs.NJS_27_18 -
Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2019Epithelial ovarian carcinoma makes up 90-95% of all ovarian malignancies, taking into account also low-malignant-potential tumors. The Krukenberg tumor is a rare... (Review)
Review
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma makes up 90-95% of all ovarian malignancies, taking into account also low-malignant-potential tumors. The Krukenberg tumor is a rare metastatic adenocarcinoma (ADK) in the ovary, representing 1-2% of ovarian tumors. Multiple primary malignant neoplasms may exist when more than one cancerous tumor is diagnosed in the same or a different organ. The incidence of multiple primary cancers among malignancies is between 2.4% to 8%. The aim of this paper is to report the case of a 47-year-old patient with two synchronous malignant tumors involving both ovaries, one diagnosed as primary papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma and the other one diagnosed as ovarian metastasis (Krukenberg tumor) of a synchronous colorectal ADK, and the complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenges that such a rare case poses. Histopathological (HP) examination and especially the immunohistochemical analysis had a determining role in differentiating between an ovarian primary tumor and a metastasis from a gastrointestinal tract cancer. The tumors examination for somatic mutations of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) genes was performed in order to individualize the chemotherapic treatment in this difficult case. The conclusion of this case is that, although synchronous multiple primary cancers in a young patient are a rare condition, this situation should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis when we encounter clinical and HP diagnostic challenges.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Colon, Sigmoid; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Ovarian Neoplasms
PubMed: 32239119
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Jun 2016Papillary cystadenocarcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of the salivary gland, characterized by noticeable cystic and solid areas with papillary endophytic...
Papillary cystadenocarcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of the salivary gland, characterized by noticeable cystic and solid areas with papillary endophytic projections. These tumours lack features that characterize cystic variants of several more common salivary gland carcinomas. It was first described in 1991 by World Health Organization as a separate entity and cystadenocarcinoma with or without papillary component in the AFIP classification. Most of these tumours occurred in the major salivary glands followed by minor salivary glands. Cystadenocarcinoma is the malignant counterpart of cystadenoma. We report a case of papillary cystadenocarcinoma of parotid. A 40-year-old lady presented with gradually progressive swelling below the right ear associated with occasional pain. Clinical and radiological features suggested benign neoplasm. Right lobe superficial parotidectomy was performed. The histopathologic diagnosis showed papillary cystadenocarinoma of the parotid gland. Histologic confirmation of stromal invasion is required to differentiate it from the benign lesion. Conservative wide local surgical excision is the treatment of choice.
PubMed: 27504297
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/17750.7907 -
Cancer Apr 2004Population-based data on the familial association of specific histologic types of ovarian malignancy with other malignancies are limited. Such data may help to elucidate...
BACKGROUND
Population-based data on the familial association of specific histologic types of ovarian malignancy with other malignancies are limited. Such data may help to elucidate etiologic differences among histologic types of ovarian malignancy.
METHODS
The nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database, which includes 10.3 million individuals and 20,974 ovarian carcinomas, was used to calculate standardized incidence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for age- and histology-specific ovarian malignancies in women whose parents or siblings were affected with malignancies at the most common disease sites.
RESULTS
Ovarian malignancy was found to be associated with ovarian, laryngeal, breast, endometrial, liver, and colon carcinoma, as well as myeloma; epithelial ovarian malignancy was found to be associated with ovarian, endometrial, and skin malignancies and with melanoma and myeloma; papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma was found to be associated with ovarian and skin malignancies and with myeloma; and endometrioid carcinoma was found to be associated with endometrial, ovarian, and prostate malignancies and with melanoma. For younger women (ages 40-45 years) whose mothers were affected with endometrial malignancies, the risk of developing endometrioid carcinoma was slightly greater than the risk of developing papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
Specific types of ovarian malignancy may be associated with specific familial disease sites, with such associations depending on age at diagnosis; the strength of the observed associations varied according to histology. Associations were found between endometrioid carcinoma and endometrial malignancy and between serous carcinoma and Hodgkin disease.
Topics: Adult; Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Ovarian Neoplasms; Registries; Sweden
PubMed: 15042686
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20138