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International Journal of Cancer Jun 1996We have analyzed by PCR skin lesions from classic, endemic and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), as well as from KS-derived cell lines, the presence of ubiquitous... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We have analyzed by PCR skin lesions from classic, endemic and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), as well as from KS-derived cell lines, the presence of ubiquitous transforming viruses. BK virus (BKV), a transforming human papovavirus which has been associated with human tumors, was detected in 100% of KS skin lesions and 75% of KS cell lines. KS specimens contained a full-length, intact BKV early region, but minor rearrangements were observed in some tumors. BKV was also detected with a high prevalence (57-67%) in genital tissues and sperm, thus fulfilling the role of a sexually transmitted agent in KS. The closely related JC virus (JCV), which has never been associated with human malignancies, was present in 11-20% of KS specimens and was detected with a low prevalence (0-21%) in genital tissues and sperm. Simian virus 40 (SV40) was not detected in any KS lesions. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA sequences were detected in 20-25% of KS lesions. Malignant human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 and benign HPV types 6 and 11 were detected in KS specimens with a similar prevalence of 11-83%, suggesting that the presence of HPV-transforming sequences is not a specific trait of HPV interaction with KS tissue. Furthermore, JCV, SV40, HSV and HPV DNA sequences were not detected in KS cell lines, suggesting that these viruses are not associated to KS neoplastic cells in KS tissue. KS cell lines were also negative for DNA sequences of KS-HV, the novel herpesvirus detected in primary KS lesions. The constant association of BKV DNA with KS lesions and KS cell lines suggests that BKV-transforming functions may participate in the development of KS.
Topics: BK Virus; Base Sequence; Cell Transformation, Viral; DNA, Neoplasm; DNA, Viral; HIV Infections; Herpes Simplex; Humans; JC Virus; Molecular Sequence Data; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Semen; Simian virus 40; Simplexvirus; Skin Neoplasms; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Tumor Virus Infections; Urogenital Neoplasms; Virus Latency
PubMed: 8647638
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19960611)66:6<717::AID-IJC1>3.0.CO;2-2 -
Journal of Virology Mar 1978BK virus T antigen from BKV-transformed rat and hamster cells and from productively infected monkey cells has been examined by immunoprecipitation followed by sodium...
BK virus T antigen from BKV-transformed rat and hamster cells and from productively infected monkey cells has been examined by immunoprecipitation followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Forms of the antigen that migrate as proteins of 86,000 and 92,000 daltons have been identified. Both forms can be labeled by 32P.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Viral; BK Virus; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cell Transformation, Viral; Chromatin; Cricetinae; Molecular Weight; Peptides; Polyomavirus; Rats; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 205676
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.25.3.871-877.1978 -
Journal of Virology Dec 1988We have examined the role of the human papovavirus BK virus (BKV) tumor (T) antigen(s) in the maintenance of transformation and have identified the domain of T antigen...
We have examined the role of the human papovavirus BK virus (BKV) tumor (T) antigen(s) in the maintenance of transformation and have identified the domain of T antigen essential for transformation. BKV-transformed BHK 21 and NIH 3T3 cells expressing antisense T-antigen RNA lose their ability to grow in soft agar, indicating the need for the continued expression of T antigen for the maintenance of the transformed phenotype. Experiments using translation termination linker insertion and deletion mutagenesis of BKV T antigen demonstrate that amino acids 356 to 384 are essential for transformation. Although BKV T antigen shares 100, 95, and 82% amino acid homology with that of simian virus 40 (SV40) for the nuclear localization signal, p53-binding domain, and DNA-binding domain, respectively, the transformation domains of BKV and SV40 T antigens share only 54% homology. Also, BKV T antigen lacks a substantial portion of the ATPase domain of SV40, and our results indicate the dispensability of the remaining portion for transformation by this protein. We suggest that the differences in the amino acids in the identified transformation domains together with the differences in the ATPase domains may account for the differences in the transformation potentials of the two proteins.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Viral, Tumor; BK Virus; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Southern; Cell Line, Transformed; Cell Transformation, Viral; DNA, Viral; Humans; Mutation; Plasmids; Polyomavirus; Precipitin Tests; Protein Biosynthesis; RNA, Viral; Transfection
PubMed: 2846874
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.62.12.4613-4621.1988 -
Blood Aug 2002
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Antineoplastic Agents; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Middle Aged; Papillomavirus Infections; Rituximab
PubMed: 12150156
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-04-1271 -
Journal of Virology Mar 1976Complementation tests between BK human papovavirus and SV40 temperature-sensitive mutants tsA58 and tsB11 were performed. Under the reported experimental conditions, BKV...
Complementation tests between BK human papovavirus and SV40 temperature-sensitive mutants tsA58 and tsB11 were performed. Under the reported experimental conditions, BKV complemented the "early" mutant tsA58 but failed to complement the "late" mutant tsB11.
Topics: Antigens, Viral; BK Virus; DNA Replication; DNA, Viral; Genetic Complementation Test; Humans; Mutation; Polyomavirus; Recombination, Genetic; Simian virus 40; Temperature; Urine; Virus Replication; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
PubMed: 176441
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.17.3.1060-1062.1976 -
Journal of Virology May 1982The growth of African green monkey lymphotropic papovavirus (LPV) in human lymphoblastoid cell line BJA-B was found to be slow and inefficient due to the accumulation of...
The growth of African green monkey lymphotropic papovavirus (LPV) in human lymphoblastoid cell line BJA-B was found to be slow and inefficient due to the accumulation of defective particles. An analysis of molecularly cloned LPV DNAs showed that 3 of 19 clones had DNAs that were longer (5.1 kilobases) than the DNAs of the other clones. The 5.1-kilobase DNA was infectious for BJA-B cells, whereas the shorter (4.8-kilobase) molecules were defective. Unlike the wild-type virus, stocks of LPV made from cloned, infectious DNAs were homogeneous and had higher titers. Using stocks of nondefective LPV, we investigated other biological properties. LPV replication in another human B-lymphoblastoid cell line was observed. The virus did not cause tumors when it was inoculated into newborn hamsters. Serological surveys of human and nonhuman primate sera indicated that virtually all primates, including humans, show evidence of infection by viruses antigenically related to LPV.
Topics: Animals; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cloning, Molecular; Cricetinae; DNA, Viral; Hemagglutination, Viral; Lymphocytes; Papillomaviridae; Polyomaviridae; Virulence
PubMed: 7086969
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.42.2.502-509.1982 -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Nov 2011Despite the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, there has not been a dramatic...
Despite the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, there has not been a dramatic decrease in the frequency of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in the HIV-infected population. Usually a multifocal progressive disease of nonenhancing lesions in white matter, PML can have distinct characteristics in HIV-infected patients, including unifocal static lesions of faint contrast enhancement on imaging and involvement of gray matter. A syndrome of cerebellar degeneration has been described in association with HIV infection in patients positive for JC virus, the papovavirus responsible for PML. The standard of care for HIV-associated PML is HAART to achieve immunologic recovery and optimal HIV virologic control. The prognosis of PML has improved greatly since the advent of HAART.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Humans; Incidence; JC Virus; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal
PubMed: 22123930
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.78.s2.06 -
Journal of Virology Mar 1979After infection of permissive human fetal brain cells by BK human papovavirus (BKV), the vast majority of the cells were killed by the virus, but rare survivors were...
After infection of permissive human fetal brain cells by BK human papovavirus (BKV), the vast majority of the cells were killed by the virus, but rare survivors were recovered after frequent medium changes. These surviving cells grew and formed visible colonies after 5 to 6 weeks and were thereafter established as permanent cell lines. These cells, designated as BK-HFB cells, were persistently infected and shed BKV. Morphologically, they were small polygonal cells and had transformed growth properties. Their plating efficiency on solid substrates or in semisolid medium was high, and they were tumorigenic in athymic nude mice. Cloning experiments in medium containing BKV antiserum revealed that BKV did not persist in the cultures in a simple carrier state. All cloned cell lines were initially T-antigen negative and virus-free. However, every clone began to release BKV and again became persistently infected within 3 weeks after removal of BKV antiserum. After rigorous antibody treatment, four of seven clones still released virus spontaneously upon removal of antiserum; three clones have remained virus-free and are apparently cured. Although these cloned cell lines are T- and V-antigen negative when grown in antiserum-containing medium, they retain "free" or episomal BKV genomes; integrated viral DNA was not detected in any of the clones. These free genomes are indistinguishable from prototype BKV DNA and are found in much larger amounts in virus-shedding cell lines.
Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Viral; BK Virus; Brain; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cell Transformation, Viral; Clone Cells; DNA, Viral; Humans; Polyomavirus; Virus Replication
PubMed: 221672
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.29.3.1177-1185.1979 -
Journal of Virology Oct 1979The DNAs of different members of the Papillomavirus genus of papovaviruses were analyzed for nucleotide sequence homology. Under standard hybridization conditions (Tm -... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The DNAs of different members of the Papillomavirus genus of papovaviruses were analyzed for nucleotide sequence homology. Under standard hybridization conditions (Tm - 28 degrees C), no homology was detectable among the genomes of human papillomavirus type 1 (HPV-1), bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2), or cottontail rabbit (Shope) papillomavirus (CRPV). However, under less stringent conditions (i.e., Tm - 43 degrees C), stable hybrids were formed between radiolabeled DNAs of CRPV, BPV-1, or BPV-2 and the HindIII-HpaI A, B, and C fragments of HPV-1. Under these same conditions, radiolabeled CRPV and HPV-1 DNAs formed stable hybrids with HincII B and C fragments of BPV-2 DNA. These results indicate that there are regions of homology with as much as 70% base match among all these papillomavirus genomes. Furthermore, unlabeled HPV-1 DNA competitively inhibited the specific hybridization of radiolabeled CRPV DNA to bpv-2 DNA fragments, indicating that the homologous DNA segments are common among these remotely related papillomavirus genomes. These conserved sequences are specific for the Papillomavirus genus of papovaviruses as evidenced by the lack of hybridization between HPV-1 DNA and either simian virus 40 or human papovavirus BK DNA under identical conditions. These results indicate a close evolutionary relationship among the papillomaviruses and further establish the papillomaviruses and polyoma viruses as distinct genera.
Topics: Base Sequence; Bovine papillomavirus 1; Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus; DNA, Viral; Genes, Viral; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Papillomaviridae; Polynucleotides
PubMed: 232171
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.32.1.199-207.1979 -
Journal of Virology Aug 1976Studies were performed to ascertain the relationship of human papovavirus JC to BK virus and to simian virus 40 (SV40) by further restriction endonuclease analysis and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Studies were performed to ascertain the relationship of human papovavirus JC to BK virus and to simian virus 40 (SV40) by further restriction endonuclease analysis and by DNA-DNA competition hybridization on membrane filters. Form I DNA extracted from two new isolates from cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy of human papovaviruses that were JC-like in their antigenic properties were found to yield restriction endonuclease fragmentation patterns similar to those of prototypic JC virus DNA and different from those of BK or SV40. Form I DNA preparations of JC and BK viruses were found to be related to each other and to SV40 DNA to a similar extent, with JC and BK virus DNAs containing sequences homologous to both early and late regions of the SV40 genome. The relatedness in each comparison was less than 50%, and heterologous hybrids between either JC or BK and SV40 DNAs were found to be less stable than homologous SV40-SV40 hybrids in high concentrations of formamide, suggesting substantial mismatch within homologous regions, to the extent of 15 to 30%. The new JC-like isolates were also studied in competition hybridization reactions with SV40 DNA and yielded results similar to those obtained with JC virus.
Topics: BK Virus; Base Sequence; DNA Restriction Enzymes; DNA, Viral; Formamides; Humans; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Papillomaviridae; Polyomaviridae; Polyomavirus; Simian virus 40
PubMed: 183019
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.19.2.675-684.1976