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Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official... Sep 2014Thymic malignancy is often associated with paraneoplastic neurological diseases (PNDs) and recognition of these disorders is important for physicians who treat these... (Review)
Review
Thymic malignancy is often associated with paraneoplastic neurological diseases (PNDs) and recognition of these disorders is important for physicians who treat these patients. The most common thymoma-associated PNDs are myasthenia gravis (MG), acquired neuromyotonia (Isaacs' syndrome), encephalitis, Morvan's syndrome, and myositis. Diagnosis of these disorders is complex but often aided by testing for specific autoantibodies, including those to the acetylcholine receptor for MG and to contactin-associated protein-like 2, protein of the voltage-gated potassium channel complex, in patients with acquired neuromyotonia, Morvan's syndrome, or encephalitis. Patients who manifest these disorders should be screened for thymoma at diagnosis, and worsening of these PNDs may be associated with recurrent thymoma. These disorders can cause profound disability but usually respond to immunotherapy, and often improve with thymoma treatment. Close cooperation among a team of specialists is required to take proper care of these patients.
Topics: Humans; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System; Thymoma
PubMed: 25396312
DOI: 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000300 -
Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) Apr 1999In patients with Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders, the researcher detected several autoantibodies reacting with neuronal antigens and tumors; their characteristics... (Review)
Review
In patients with Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders, the researcher detected several autoantibodies reacting with neuronal antigens and tumors; their characteristics supported the hypothesis that autoimmunity plays a part in these diseases and gave impetus to the study of these neurological disorders. The relationship between detection of anti-neuronal antibodies, clinical syndromes, and certain types of tumors suggested the utility of these antibodies as a new tool for clinical diagnosis, although their function in the pathogenesis of the various syndromes is still unclear. This paper intends to review the characteristics of the anti-neuronal antibodies so far identified, their correlation with clinical syndromes, and the function of antigens. In addition, the paper will offer some insights on the immunological mechanisms of neuronal damage and on treatment options.
Topics: Animals; Autoantibodies; Brain; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Neurons; Paraneoplastic Syndromes
PubMed: 10219744
DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00225.x -
Italian Journal of Dermatology and... Apr 2021Originally described by Anhalt as paraneoplastic pemphigus in 1990, paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (PAMS) is a potentially lethal blistering disease,...
Originally described by Anhalt as paraneoplastic pemphigus in 1990, paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (PAMS) is a potentially lethal blistering disease, characterized by polymorphous clinical features, including mucocutaneous erosions, blisters, lichenoid papules, and erythemas. Several autoantibodies have been detected in serum of PAMS patients, including antiplakins, anti-alpha-2-macroglobulin like 1, and antidesmogleins autoantibodies. The mortality rate of PAMS is up to 90%. This is due on the one hand to the poor response to treatments and on the other hand to the delay in the diagnosis and to the prognosis of the underlying neoplasia.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Humans; Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Pemphigus
PubMed: 33070576
DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.20.06675-4 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2018Sweet's syndrome is a rare dermatosis with little-known pathogenesis, associated with some clinical conditions such as infections, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory...
Sweet's syndrome is a rare dermatosis with little-known pathogenesis, associated with some clinical conditions such as infections, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, vaccination, medications and neoplasms. Hematologic malignancies are the diseases most related to paraneoplastic Sweet's syndrome, but this clinical entity can also be found occasionally in some solid tumors, including genitourinary tract tumors. We report a rare case of paraneoplastic Sweet's syndrome associated with the diagnosis of cervical cancer.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Sweet Syndrome; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 30066769
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187353 -
Journal of Investigative Medicine High... 2024Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes due to Hodgkin lymphoma present with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations from generalized pruritus to exfoliative erythroderma....
Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes due to Hodgkin lymphoma present with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations from generalized pruritus to exfoliative erythroderma. We summarize the clinical findings and outcomes of 14 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and associated cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes treated at Mayo Clinic over the past 3 decades. Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes may be present at the time of lymphoma diagnosis, whereas in other patients, it may appear at the time of relapse, including patients with initial absence of cutaneous manifestations during the initial lymphoma presentation. Our results indicate that complete resolution of the paraneoplastic syndrome is associated with significantly improved overall survival. Recognition of cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes is a crucial surrogate of relapsed malignancy and treatment requires targeting the underlying malignancy.
Topics: Humans; Hodgkin Disease; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Aged; Young Adult; Skin Diseases; Adolescent
PubMed: 38767173
DOI: 10.1177/23247096241255840 -
The Ceylon Medical Journal Dec 2008
Topics: Humans; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Prognosis; Sri Lanka
PubMed: 19189796
DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v53i4.287 -
Nature Reviews. Nephrology Feb 2011Paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis is a rare complication of malignancy that is frequently mistaken for idiopathic glomerulonephritis. Failure to recognize paraneoplastic... (Review)
Review
Paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis is a rare complication of malignancy that is frequently mistaken for idiopathic glomerulonephritis. Failure to recognize paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis can subject patients to ineffective and potentially harmful therapy. The pathology of paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis varies between different types of malignancies. This Review discusses the association of glomerulonephritis with both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The pathogenetic mechanisms of many glomerular lesions seem to relate to altered immune responses in the presence of a malignancy. Studies in the Buffalo/Mna rat model of spontaneous thymoma and nephrotic syndrome indicate that polarization of the immune response toward a T-helper-2 (T(H)2) profile has an important role in the development of thymoma-associated glomerular lesions. Furthermore, overexpression of the T(H)2 cytokine interleukin 13 in rats induces minimal change disease. Such findings from experimental studies might facilitate the identification of biomarkers that can distinguish paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis from idiopathic and other secondary glomerulonephritides. This Review describes potential pathogenetic mechanisms for paraneoplastic glomerulonephritides associated with different malignancies and highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the management of patients with paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis.
Topics: Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Syndromes
PubMed: 21151207
DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2010.171 -
Acta Medica Indonesiana Jan 2011Mediastinal tumors are tumors inside the mediastinum, i.e. the cavity between the left and right lungs. Overseas literatures suggest that the most common anterior... (Review)
Review
Mediastinal tumors are tumors inside the mediastinum, i.e. the cavity between the left and right lungs. Overseas literatures suggest that the most common anterior mediastinal tumors found are lymphoma, thymoma and germ cell tumor. Thymoma accounts for 20% of mediastinal tumor and is the most common anterior mediastinal tumor reaching approximately 50% of all tumors in adults. Ninety percent of all thymomas are located in the anterior mediastinum and some of them occur at the neck region or other mediastinal areas. Surgery still becomes the main treatment followed by adjuvant radiation for invasive thymoma. For inoperable patients, induction chemotherapy followed by a surgical reassessment post-therapy, and adjuvant radiation therapy is generally recommended, in spite of the lacking prospective studies for such treatment. Durable responses can be obtained both in the metastatic and recurrent condition, and various novel therapies are currently being studied.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Mediastinum; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Thymoma; Thymus Gland; Thymus Neoplasms
PubMed: 21339550
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2017Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a rare autoimmune skin disease that is always associated with a neoplasm. Usually, oral, skin, and mucosal lesions are the earliest... (Review)
Review
Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a rare autoimmune skin disease that is always associated with a neoplasm. Usually, oral, skin, and mucosal lesions are the earliest manifestations shown by paraneoplastic pemphigus patients. The pathogenesis of paraneoplastic pemphigus is not yet completely understood, although some immunological aspects have been recently clarified. Because of its rarity, several diagnostic criteria have been proposed. Besides, several diagnostic procedures have been used for the diagnosis, including indirect immunofluorescence, direct immunofluorescence, and ELISA. We reviewed the most recent literature, searching on PubMed "paraneoplastic pemphigus". We included also papers in French, German, and Spanish. We found 613 papers for "paraneoplastic pemphigus". Among them, 169 were review papers. Because of its varying clinical features, paraneoplastic pemphigus still represents a challenge for clinicians. Furthermore, diagnosis and management of paraneoplastic pemphigus requires close collaboration between physicians, including dermatologist, oncologist, and otorhinolaryngologist.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Pemphigus
PubMed: 29186863
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122532 -
Melanoma Research Aug 2010Paraneoplastic syndromes are an uncommon, yet well-described, phenomenon in cancer patients. The syndrome of granulocytosis caused by granulocyte colony-stimulating... (Review)
Review
Paraneoplastic syndromes are an uncommon, yet well-described, phenomenon in cancer patients. The syndrome of granulocytosis caused by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) production by tumors is rare and is difficult to diagnose in patients receiving treatment for metastatic disease. From January 2005 to May 2009, 626 patients were evaluated for treatment of metastatic melanoma. At initial evaluation or during the course of treatment, six patients had an elevated white blood cell count and no evidence of infection. All six had significantly elevated serum G-CSF. The level of serum G-CSF was directly correlated with the absolute neutrophil count. In-vitro assay of melanoma tumor from two patients showed elevated G-CSF in cell culture supernatant. The paraneoplastic syndrome of granulocytosis resulting from ectopic G-CSF production in patients with metastatic melanoma is rare. This diagnosis should be considered when common causes of granulocytosis have been ruled out.
Topics: Adult; Female; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Granulocytes; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Young Adult
PubMed: 20440226
DOI: 10.1097/CMR.0b013e328339da1e