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Reumatologia Clinica 2017
Topics: Adult; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Feeding Behavior; Gingivitis; Hemarthrosis; Humans; Knee Joint; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Malnutrition; Milk; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Scurvy; Yogurt
PubMed: 28433625
DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2017.03.001 -
The Malaysian Journal of Medical... Apr 2022Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disease in which genetic factors play a greater role than other factors. The genes of importance in schizophrenia patients are the...
BACKGROUND
Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disease in which genetic factors play a greater role than other factors. The genes of importance in schizophrenia patients are the genes that encode for neurotransmitters associated with low minor allele frequency (MAF) scores. This study was aimed to determine the association of genetic variations in , and with the risk of paranoid schizophrenia (PS) in patients admitted to Prof HB Saanin Psychiatric Hospital, West Sumatra, Indonesia.
METHODS
Genotyping analysis through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and PCR-amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) was performed in 100 PS patients and 100 healthy controls. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the frequencies of genotype and allotype between the PS and control groups. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated to determine the relative risk of PS with respect to genetic variations.
RESULTS
Polymorphism rs13142920 in was associated with significantly elevated risk of PS ( 0.020; OR = 1.60 [95% CI: 1.08, 2.39]). However, rs4680 and rs2073499 polymorphisms were not significantly associated with PS.
CONCLUSION
The rs13142920 polymorphism holds great potential as a genetic marker in PS patients.
PubMed: 35528814
DOI: 10.21315/mjms2022.29.2.4 -
The Psychiatric Clinics of North America Dec 1999Clinician safety is a serious concern for health care professionals because of the great risk of violence in health care workplaces, especially emergency and mental... (Review)
Review
Clinician safety is a serious concern for health care professionals because of the great risk of violence in health care workplaces, especially emergency and mental health departments. Assaults on mental health staff are often encountered from patients who are intoxicated with, or suffering withdrawal symptoms from, substances. Additionally, violence toward mental health professionals is frequently encountered from patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, personality disorders, learning disabilities, and mental retardation. Incidents of assault are often ignored by victims and administrators. Administrators must implement several measures to prevent clinician assault.
Topics: Emergency Service, Hospital; Health Personnel; Humans; Safety Management; Security Measures; United States; Violence
PubMed: 10623979
DOI: 10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70134-9 -
PeerJ 2022This article describes the most likely classes of proteins and molecular processes that specifically characterize schizophrenic spectrum disorders such as simple and...
This article describes the most likely classes of proteins and molecular processes that specifically characterize schizophrenic spectrum disorders such as simple and paranoid schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, and acute polymorphic psychotic disorder (APPD). The identification of patients' serum proteins was carried out using mass spectrometry. For patients with paranoid schizophrenia, the proteins responsible for translation and transcription are characteristic. A significant part of the proteins of patients with simple schizophrenia regulate the cell's main metabolic and transport processes. These are proteins of the receptor system, vesicular transport, and extracellular matrix, which mainly carry out catabolic processes. The proteins of patients with schizotypal disorder mostly coincided with the classes of other patients, apart from chaperone proteins, which were not found in other studied groups. These proteins are mainly involved in anabolic processes. The main classes of proteins found in patients with APPD are responsible for the metabolism of nucleic acids. Active apoptosis processes were also revealed in these patients. These results from our basic knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of these disorders.
Topics: Humans; Proteomics; Schizophrenic Psychology; Psychotic Disorders; Schizotypal Personality Disorder; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 36061748
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13907 -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2014This article discusses changes made in the diagnostic criteria for psychotic disorders in the transition from DSM-IV to DSM-5. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
BACKGROUND
This article discusses changes made in the diagnostic criteria for psychotic disorders in the transition from DSM-IV to DSM-5.
AIM
To review and evaluate the changes incorporated in the DSM-5 criteria for psychotic disorders.
METHOD
Relevant documents and proceedings were reviewed on the basis of personal experience in the APA working group on psychotic disorders.
RESULTS
The chapter on the 'schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders' in DSM-5 introduces a conceptual psychosis continuum, in which the level, number and duration of psychotic signs and symptoms are used to differentiate between various forms of psychotic disorders. The chapter includes only a few marginal adjustments, aimed at simplifying usage and measurement-based treatment. The DSM-5 Committee also aspired for harmonization with the ICD. The Committee was in favor of a new name for schizophrenia, but referred the matter to the WHO. The empirical basis for 'attentuated psychosis syndrome' was found to be insufficient for the syndrome to be included as a diagnosis. The most important changes in the criteria for schizophrenia are the elimination of the classic subtypes, the clarification of cross-sectional and longitudinal course specifiers, the elimination of special status of Schneiderian first-rank symptoms, and the clarification and better delineation of schizophrenia in terms of: a) the relationship between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders and b) the relationship between schizophrenia and catatonia. In schizoaffective disorder, the perspective shifts from an episode diagnosis in DSM-IV to a life course for the illness in DSM-5. Although the committee gave serious consideration to the inclusion of trans-diagnostic dimensions, these have not been included; a factor that precludes more personalised diagnoses, at least for the time being.
CONCLUSION
The limitations of the classic system of categorical diagnosis are widely acknowledged and serious consideration has been given to the abolition of this type of diagnosis or at least to the possibility of enriching it with a transdiagnostic focus on dimensions of psychopathology. These steps have not been taken in DSM-5 - for the consensus committees this is evidently still a bridge too far.
Topics: Catatonia; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 24643825
DOI: No ID Found -
The Mental Health Clinician Jul 2021Clozapine is recognized as the drug of choice for treatment-refractory schizophrenia, but use may be limited because of strict monitoring requirements and adverse...
Clozapine is recognized as the drug of choice for treatment-refractory schizophrenia, but use may be limited because of strict monitoring requirements and adverse effects including severe neutropenia, seizures, and myocarditis. Loxapine is a first-generation antipsychotic with similarities to clozapine in both structure and receptor binding. This case describes a 57-year-old male with a history of severe paranoid schizophrenia despite treatment with clozapine and other psychotropic agents, who experienced clinical improvement after a cross titration from clozapine to loxapine. Loxapine may be a reasonable alternative in patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia who do not tolerate or respond to clozapine.
PubMed: 34316424
DOI: 10.9740/mhc.2021.07.263 -
Neuromolecular Medicine Mar 2020This study aimed to find the potential association between HSPA1B polymorphisms and risk of paranoid schizophrenia, clinical variables of the disease, and suicidal...
This study aimed to find the potential association between HSPA1B polymorphisms and risk of paranoid schizophrenia, clinical variables of the disease, and suicidal behavior. A total of 901 unrelated Polish subjects of Caucasian origin (377 schizophrenia patients and 524 controls) were recruited. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were genotyped using PCR-RFLP (rs539689, rs9281590) and TaqMan assays (rs263979, rs6547452). A strong tendency towards statistical significance (p = 0.051) was observed in rs539689 allele distribution between patients and controls in overall study subjects. After stratification according to gender, we found that rs539689 was significantly associated with schizophrenia in males, but not in females. The minor allele C had a protective effect in males [OR 0.73 (95% CI 0.61-0.88, p < 0.05)]. In addition, two SNPs (rs539689, rs9281590) were significantly associated with PANSS scores. Another important finding was a strong significant association between the HSPA1B rs539689 polymorphism and attempted suicide in schizophrenic patients. The C/C genotype and C allele were protective against suicidal behavior in entire sample (p < 0.001), in males (p < 001), and in females (p < 0.05), although associations were weaker than in males. Our findings support that HSPA1B gene may be involved in susceptibility to schizophrenia and clinical presentation of the disease in a sex-dependent manner, and may play a role in suicidal behavior in the Polish population of schizophrenic patients. Further independent analyses in different populations should be performed to clarify the role of HSPA1B in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alleles; Case-Control Studies; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Haplotypes; Humans; Linkage Disequilibrium; Male; Middle Aged; Poland; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Sex Distribution; Suicide, Attempted; White People; Young Adult
PubMed: 31642026
DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08575-1 -
Sovremennye Tekhnologii V Meditsine 2021was to analyze the immune-inflammatory profile of patients with paranoid schizophrenia and relate it to the severity of negative symptoms and the MRI data in order to...
UNLABELLED
was to analyze the immune-inflammatory profile of patients with paranoid schizophrenia and relate it to the severity of negative symptoms and the MRI data in order to identify biomarkers of schizophrenia severity, search for new approaches to therapy, and control its effectiveness.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The main group included 51 patients with paranoid schizophrenia, the control group - 30 healthy subjects. Patients underwent MRI scans and immunological studies, which included an assessment of natural and adaptive immunity, the systemic level of key pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and other markers of inflammation.
RESULTS
Disorders of immunity and immunoinflammatory profile in patients with paranoid schizophrenia with severe negative symptoms were revealed for the first time: in the presence of severe negative symptoms (>15 points according to the NSA-4 scale), the levels of humoral immunity factors, cytokines IL-10 and IL-12p40 and neurotrophin NGF were increased as well as the markers of systemic inflammation. Morphometric changes in the brain, typical for patients with schizophrenia, and also specific for patients with severe negative symptoms, were determined. The data analysis revealed correlations between the immune changes with structural changes in some of the brain areas, including the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Associations were found between the levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10, IL-12p40 cytokines and morphometric parameters of the brain, specific only for schizophrenic patients with severe negative symptoms.
CONCLUSION
The interdisciplinary approach, combining brain morphometry with in-depth immunological and clinical studies, made it possible to determine neurobiological, immune, and neurocognitive markers of paranoid schizophrenia with severe negative symptoms. The results are important for further deciphering the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and its subtypes, as well as for the search for new approaches to the treatment of severe forms of the disease.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cytokines; Hippocampus; Humans; Phenotype; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 35265356
DOI: 10.17691/stm2021.13.6.03 -
Cureus Jun 2023Lithium is primarily known to cause neurological and gastrointestinal side effects, however, cardiac effects have been rarely reported. We present a unique case of...
Lithium is primarily known to cause neurological and gastrointestinal side effects, however, cardiac effects have been rarely reported. We present a unique case of lithium cardiotoxicity causing bradyarrhythmia and cardiomyopathy. A 68-year-old man with a history of paranoid schizophrenia and bipolar disorder presented with altered mental status. On examination, the patient was lethargic, afebrile, with dry oral mucosa, and a regular pulse of 42 bpm. Labs revealed acute kidney injury and elevated lithium levels. Electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed a junctional escape rhythm with a right bundle morphology. Lithium toxicity was strongly suspected in the setting of raised serum lithium levels, decreased oral intake and acute kidney injury. The patient was found to have lithium-induced junctional bradycardia. Transvenous pacing was not indicated as the patient responded to fluids and atropine and had no severe hemodynamic compromise. As his serum lithium levels decreased, the bradycardia gradually improved. His echocardiogram revealed moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Workup of cardiomyopathies was negative: no obstructive coronary artery disease; viral panel, and autoimmune markers were unremarkable. Thus, his cardiomyopathy was attributed to lithium toxicity. Lithium cardiotoxicity may manifest as arrhythmias and/or cardiomyopathy. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for lithium cardiotoxicity due to the narrow therapeutic range of lithium.
PubMed: 37503482
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40949 -
NeuroImage. Clinical 2020The perception of faces and consequent social inferences are fundamental for interpersonal communication. While facial expression is important for interindividual...
The perception of faces and consequent social inferences are fundamental for interpersonal communication. While facial expression is important for interindividual communication, constitutional and acquired features are crucial for basic emotions of attraction or repulsion. An emotional bias in face processing has been shown in schizophrenia, but the neurobiological mechanisms are unclear. Studies on the interaction between face processing and the emotional state of healthy individuals may help to elucidate the pathogenesis of the paranoid syndrome in psychosis. This study addressed facial attractiveness and paranoid ideas in a non-clinical population. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated neural activation patterns of 99 healthy subjects during the passive perception of a dynamic presentation of faces with different attractiveness. We found that the perceived attractiveness of faces was linked to the activity of face processing and limbic regions including the fusiform gyrus, amygdala, and prefrontal areas. Paranoid beliefs interacted with perceived attractiveness in these regions resulting in a higher response range and increased activation after the presentation of unattractive faces. However, no behavioral interactions between reported subjective attractiveness and paranoid beliefs were found. The results showed that increased activation of limbic brain regions is linked to paranoid beliefs. Since similar correlations were found in clinical populations with paranoid syndromes, we suggest a dimension of emotional dysregulation ranging from subclinical paranoid beliefs to paranoid schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Brain Mapping; Emotions; Facial Expression; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Young Adult
PubMed: 32413810
DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102269