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Journal of Tissue Engineering and... Mar 2019Serum albumin-coated bone allografts (BoneAlbumin) have successfully supported bone regeneration in various experimental models by activating endogenous progenitors....
Serum albumin-coated bone allografts (BoneAlbumin) have successfully supported bone regeneration in various experimental models by activating endogenous progenitors. However, the effect of tissue aging, linked to declining stem cell function, has yet to be explicitly examined within the context of BoneAlbumin's regenerative capacity. Stem cell function was tested with an in vitro attachment assay, which showed that albumin coating increases stem cell attachment on demineralized bone surfaces in an aging cell population. Bone regeneration was investigated in vivo by creating critical size bone defects on the parietal bones of aging female rats. Demineralized bone matrices with and without serum albumin coating were used to fill the defects. Bone regeneration was determined by measuring the density and the size of the remaining bone defect with computed tomography (CT). Microcomputed tomography (MicroCT) and mechanical testing were performed on the parietal bone explants. In vivo CT and ex vivo microCT measurements showed better regeneration with albumin-coated grafts. Additionally, the albumin-coated group showed a twofold increase in peak fracture force compared with uncoated allografts. In the present study, serum albumin-coated demineralized bone matrices successfully supported faster and functionally superior bone regeneration in aging rats. Because stem cell function, a key contributor of bone remodelling, decreases with age and serum albumin is an effective activator of endogenous progenitor cells, this method could be an effective and safe adjuvant in bone regeneration of aging adult and osteo-compromised populations.
Topics: Aging; Allografts; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bone Transplantation; Bone and Bones; Cell Adhesion; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Female; Osteogenesis; Rats; Serum Albumin
PubMed: 30747474
DOI: 10.1002/term.2803 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Jul 2016Cranial bone thickness varies among modern humans, and many factors influencing this variability remain unclear. Growth hormones and physical activity are thought to...
Cranial bone thickness varies among modern humans, and many factors influencing this variability remain unclear. Growth hormones and physical activity are thought to influence the vault thickness. Considering that both systemic factors and energy supply influence the vascular system, and taking into account the structural and biomechanical interaction between endocranial vessels and vault bones, in this study we evaluate the correlation between vascular and bone diameters. In particular, we tested the relationship between the thickness of the parietal bone (which is characterized, in modern humans, by a complex vascular network) and the lumen size of the middle meningeal and diploic vessels, in adult modern humans. Our results show no patent correlation between the thickness of parietal bone and the size of the main vascular channels. Values and distributions of the branching patterns, as well as anatomical relationships between vessels and bones, are also described in order to provide information concerning the arrangement of the endocranial vascular morphology. This information is relevant in both evolutionary and medical contexts. Anat Rec, 299:888-896, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Adult; Biological Evolution; Cerebral Arteries; Female; Fossils; Humans; Male; Parietal Bone; Skull
PubMed: 27072555
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23348 -
PloS One 2016Using morphological, histological, and TEM analyses of the cranium, we provide a detailed description of bone and suture growth in zebrafish. Based on expression...
Using morphological, histological, and TEM analyses of the cranium, we provide a detailed description of bone and suture growth in zebrafish. Based on expression patterns and localization, we identified osteoblasts at different degrees of maturation. Our data confirm that, unlike in humans, zebrafish cranial sutures maintain lifelong patency to sustain skull growth. The cranial vault develops in a coordinated manner resulting in a structure that protects the brain. The zebrafish cranial roof parallels that of higher vertebrates and contains five major bones: one pair of frontal bones, one pair of parietal bones, and the supraoccipital bone. Parietal and frontal bones are formed by intramembranous ossification within a layer of mesenchyme positioned between the dermal mesenchyme and meninges surrounding the brain. The supraoccipital bone has an endochondral origin. Cranial bones are separated by connective tissue with a distinctive architecture of osteogenic cells and collagen fibrils. Here we show RNA in situ hybridization for col1a1a, col2a1a, col10a1, bglap/osteocalcin, fgfr1a, fgfr1b, fgfr2, fgfr3, foxq1, twist2, twist3, runx2a, runx2b, sp7/osterix, and spp1/ osteopontin, indicating that the expression of genes involved in suture development in mammals is preserved in zebrafish. We also present methods for examining the cranium and its sutures, which permit the study of the mechanisms involved in suture patency as well as their pathological obliteration. The model we develop has implications for the study of human disorders, including craniosynostosis, which affects 1 in 2,500 live births.
Topics: Animals; Collagen; Core Binding Factor alpha Subunits; Cranial Sutures; Frontal Bone; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Humans; Occipital Bone; Osteoblasts; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis; Osteopontin; Parietal Bone; Protein Isoforms; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; Sp7 Transcription Factor; Transcription Factors; Twist Transcription Factors; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins
PubMed: 27829009
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165775 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2021A female infant presented at 31 days of life following a head injury with concerning features for non-accidental injury. Examination revealed a noticeable depression in...
A female infant presented at 31 days of life following a head injury with concerning features for non-accidental injury. Examination revealed a noticeable depression in the left temporoparietal region with a concave depression of the left parietal bone on CT imaging. After careful consideration of the history and examination findings, along with standard investigations for non-accidental injury, the infant was diagnosed with faulty fetal packing (also known as congenital vault depression). The defect had almost completely resolved by follow-up at 5 months. This case represented a diagnostic conundrum not previously reported in the literature.
Topics: Bandages; Craniocerebral Trauma; Female; Humans; Infant; Parietal Bone
PubMed: 34059535
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240302 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology May 2015A benign fibrous histiocytoma with primary site of origin in the parietal bone has not yet been reported in the literature. We report here a case concerning a... (Review)
Review
A benign fibrous histiocytoma with primary site of origin in the parietal bone has not yet been reported in the literature. We report here a case concerning a 12-year-old girl with a 14-month history of an enlarging parietal bone mass. The tumor was excised after removal of the cortical bone and resection of the tumor surrounding the cortical bone erosion using pre-plasticity titanium repair. Both postoperative histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis were consistent with a benign fibrous histiocytoma. No clinical or computed tomography (CT) radiological signs of tumor recurrence and/or metastasis were observed at 12 months. Although a primary benign fibrous histiocytoma of the parietal bone is a rare tumor, it should be considered as a potential diagnosis for any cranial tumor. Surgical intervention is the most effective treatment technique for a benign fibrous histiocytoma.
Topics: Child; Female; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Parietal Bone; Skull Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25951848
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0587-5 -
Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 2021This study assessed the regeneration potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from adipose tissue associated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in bone regeneration.
PURPOSE
This study assessed the regeneration potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from adipose tissue associated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in bone regeneration.
METHODS
Thirty Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinos) were divided into five groups (according to the grafting material and time to euthanasia): (1) autograft - 14 days (control), (2) autograft - 28 days (control), (3) MSC + PRP - 14 days, (4) MSC + PRP + papaverine - 14 days and (5) MSC + PRP + papaverine - 28 days. After euthanasia, the graft was removed and histological slides were prepared. They were assessed by a blinded pathologist using a previously published histological scale as parameter.
RESULTS
There was some degree of neoformed bone trabeculae (NBT) in 93.3% of the samples, as well as osteoblastic activity (OA). The autograft groups (14 and 28 days) had higher levels in the formation of bone trabeculae. Nonparametric data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and proved not to be statistically significant at p < 0.05.
CONCLUSIONS
Experimental parietal bone reconstruction, combining MSC, PRP and papaverine presented regeneration in all groups with no significant difference among them.
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Parietal Bone; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 33503214
DOI: 10.1590/ACB351201 -
Brain Tumor Research and Treatment Jan 2022Intradiploic encephalocele is a rare condition of herniation of the brain parenchyma through the diploic space. A 52-year-old man presented with a parietal intradiploic...
Intradiploic encephalocele is a rare condition of herniation of the brain parenchyma through the diploic space. A 52-year-old man presented with a parietal intradiploic encephalocele manifesting as an intermittent headache for 7 months. CT revealed an osteolytic lesion involving the right parietal bone. MRI demonstrated brain herniation within the diploic space. Surgery may be unnecessary in the absence of concurrent symptoms or neurological deficits. After 2 years of follow-up, symptoms were improved without neurological deficits and CT findings. We report the X-ray, CT, and MRI findings of an extremely rare case of parietal intradiploic encephalocele in adulthood.
PubMed: 35118847
DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2022.10.e20 -
Turkish Neurosurgery 2021To compare two synthetic graft materials, TachoComb®, a fibrin sealant composed of collagen, fibrinogen, thrombin and aprotinin and TissuDura®, a collagen-based...
AIM
To compare two synthetic graft materials, TachoComb®, a fibrin sealant composed of collagen, fibrinogen, thrombin and aprotinin and TissuDura®, a collagen-based biomatrix.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Thirty Sprague?Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups with 10 animals in each group. A dural defect was created on the left parietal bone of each animal, and the dural defect was repaired using either TachoComb® (TachoComb group) or TissuDura® (TissuDura group). Sham animals did not receive any dural graft. After 21 days of follow-up, the brain was dissected, and inflammation, oedema, gliosis and foreign body reaction in the bone and parenchymal tissue were investigated histopathologically.
RESULTS
The TachoComb group showed significantly greater inflammation, gliosis and parenchymal foreign body reaction compared with the sham group. By contrast, the TissuDura group had significantly lower gliosis and insignificantly less inflammation in the bone and parenchymal foreign body reaction compared with the TachoComb group.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, our results suggest that TissuDura® may be considered more biocompatible than TachoComb® in duraplasty.
Topics: Animals; Aprotinin; Drug Combinations; Fibrinogen; Hemostasis, Surgical; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thrombin
PubMed: 33978197
DOI: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.30444-20.2 -
Surgical Neurology International 2022Calvarial bone thinning is a rare clinical entity, with only several cases reported (including Gorham-Stout disease), but the cause is often unknown. Here, we report...
BACKGROUND
Calvarial bone thinning is a rare clinical entity, with only several cases reported (including Gorham-Stout disease), but the cause is often unknown. Here, we report such a case of unilateral calvarial thinning with an unknown cause.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 77-year-old woman undergoing imaging examination for unruptured cerebral aneurysms for the past several years noticed a progressive cranial deformity. Computed tomography revealed progressive thinning of the right parietal bone and cranial deformity but laboratory tests showed no causative findings. A cranioplasty was performed to protect the brain and confirm the pathology. Grossly, pigmentation and deformity were observed on the outer plate of the bone but the inner plate was intact. Pathological examination revealed preserved bone cells and no necrosis. In addition, there were no findings of vascular hyperplasia or malignancy. It appeared that localized osteoporosis had occurred, mainly in the outer plate of the bone, but the cause was unclear.
CONCLUSION
Progressive focal calvarial thinning is rarely reported and the mechanism in this case was unknown. It is important to determine the cause of the bone thinning to evaluate the need for surgical intervention from the viewpoint of brain protection and prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
PubMed: 36447892
DOI: 10.25259/SNI_789_2022 -
Molecular Genetics and Metabolism... Dec 2023Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II, OMIM 309900) is an X-linked disorder caused by a deficiency of lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS). The clinical...
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II, OMIM 309900) is an X-linked disorder caused by a deficiency of lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS). The clinical manifestations of MPS II involve cognitive decline, bone deformity, and visceral disorders. These manifestations are closely associated with IDS enzyme activity, which catalyzes the stepwise degradation of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. In this study, we established a novel -deficient mice and further assessed the enzyme's physiological role. Using DNA sequencing, we found a genomic modification of the Ids genome, which involved the deletion of a 138-bp fragment spanning from intron 2 to exon 3, along with the insertion of an adenine at the 5' end of exon 3 in the mutated allele. Consistent with previous data, our -deficient mice showed an attenuated enzyme activity and an enhanced accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. Interestingly, we noticed a distinct enlargement of the calvarial bone in both neonatal and young adult mice. Our examination revealed that deficiency led to an enhanced osteoblastogenesis in the parietal bone, a posterior part of the calvarial bone originating from the paraxial mesoderm and associated with an enhanced expression of osteoblastic makers, such as and . In sharp contrast, cell proliferation of the parietal bone in these mice appeared similar to that of wild-type controls. These results suggest that the deficiency of could be involved in an augmented differentiation of calvarial bone, which is often noticed as an enlarged head circumference in MPS II-affected individuals.
PubMed: 38053930
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2023.101021