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Journal of Ayub Medical College,... 2021Intradiploic epidermoid cyst is an uncommon, benign, slow growing neoplasm that occurs between two tables of cranial bones and constitute 0.4% of all cranial epidermoid....
Intradiploic epidermoid cyst is an uncommon, benign, slow growing neoplasm that occurs between two tables of cranial bones and constitute 0.4% of all cranial epidermoid. It usually occurs due to the entrapped ectodermal embyronal remnants within the skull bones or rarely secondary to trauma. Pre-operative diagnosis on the basis of radiologic investigations is difficult. Complete surgically excision is usually required in order to prevent complications like super infection, intracranial rupture with pneumocephalus and rarely malignant degeneration. We are presenting a case of incompletely resected and chronically infected intradiploic epidermoid cyst of right parietal bone operated inadvertently by a general surgeon elsewhere without doing any radiological investigations.
Topics: Epidermal Cyst; Humans; Male; Skull
PubMed: 34137560
DOI: No ID Found -
The effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial defects for bone regeneration.International Journal of Implant... May 2021This study aims at determining the biological effect of 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on bone regeneration, in terms of fraction of bone...
BACKGROUND
This study aims at determining the biological effect of 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on bone regeneration, in terms of fraction of bone regeneration (FBR), total number of osteocytes (Ost), and osteocyte cell density (CD), as well as its biodegradability.
METHODS
Two critical-size defects (CSDs) were bilaterally trephined in the parietal bone of 36 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (18 males and 18 females); the left remained empty (group A), while the right CSD was filled with nHAp/CS scaffold (group B). Two female rats died postoperatively. Twelve, 11, and 11 rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, respectively. Subsequently, 34 specimens were resected containing both CSDs. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to determine the FBR, calculated as [the sum of areas of newly formed bone in lateral and central regions of interest (ROIs)]/area of the original defect, as well as the Ost and the CD (Ost/mm) in each ROI of both groups (A and B). Moreover, biodegradability of the nHAp/CS scaffolds was estimated via the surface area of the biomaterial (BmA) in the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week post-surgery.
RESULTS
The FBR of group B increased significantly from 2nd to 8th week compared to group A (P = 0.009). Both the mean CD and the mean Ost values of group B increased compared to group A (P = 0.004 and P < 0.05 respectively). Moreover, the mean value of BmA decreased from 2nd to 8th week (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Based on histological and histomorphometric results, we support that 75/25 w/w nHAp/CS scaffolds provide an effective space for new bone formation.
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Chitosan; Durapatite; Female; Male; Osteogenesis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 34027572
DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00327-w -
Bone Reports Dec 2022Cortical porosity develops in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increases with progressing disease. Cortical porosity is likely a prominent contributor to skeletal...
Cortical porosity develops in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increases with progressing disease. Cortical porosity is likely a prominent contributor to skeletal fragility/fracture. The degree to which cortical porosity occurs throughout the skeleton is not fully known. In this study, we assessed cortical bone porosity via micro-computed tomography at multiple skeletal sites in rats with progressive chronic kidney disease. We hypothesized that cortical porosity would occur in long bones throughout the body, but to a lesser degree in flat bones and irregular bones. Porosity was measured, using micro-CT, at 17 different skeletal sites in 6 male rats with CKD. Varying degrees of porosity were seen throughout the skeleton with higher porosity in flat and irregular bone (i.e. parietal bone, mandible) vs. long bones (p = 0.01) and in non-weightbearing bones vs. weightbearing bones (p = 0.01). Porosity was also higher in proximal sites vs. distal sites in long bones (p < 0.01 in all comparisons). There was large heterogeneity in porosity within skeletal sites across rats and within the same rat across skeletal sites. Correlations showed cortical porosity of the proximal tibia was positively associated with porosity at the other sites with the strongest correlation to the parietal bone and the weakest to the ulna. Overall, our data demonstrates varying and significant cortical bone porosity across the skeleton of animals with chronic kidney disease. These data point to careful selection of skeletal sites to assess porosity in pre-clinical studies and the potential for fractures at multiple skeletal sites in patients with CKD.
PubMed: 36035656
DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101612 -
Experimental Animals 2013This study aims to investigate the effects of rhBMP-2/ACS composite on bone regeneration and mineralization during expansion of the interparietal suture in rats. Forty...
This study aims to investigate the effects of rhBMP-2/ACS composite on bone regeneration and mineralization during expansion of the interparietal suture in rats. Forty 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n=10). The first group (intact group) did not receive any intervention. The second group (expansion control group) received an expansion force of 60 g. The remaining two groups received an expansion force of 60 g and were implanted with an atelo-type I absorbable collagen sponge and rhBMP-2/ACS composite positioned on the suture beneath the periosteum. The relapse, relapse ratio, relevant bone remodelling, and calcium and osteocalcin contents were evaluated. Bone regeneration in the interparietal suture was estimated by the histological method. The osteocalcin content was measured by radioimmunoassay, and the calcium content was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Bone regeneration was more active in the suture after application of the expansion force compared with that of the suture without any intervention. Bone bridges formed in the rhBMP-2/collagen composite group. Both osteocalcin and calcium content were higher in the rhBMP-2/collagen composite group than in the other three groups (P<0.01). The relapse ratio in the rhBMP-2/collagen group was much lower than that in the other two expansion groups (P<0.01). RhBMP-2/ACS composite can promote bone regeneration and bone mineralization in the expanded suture and decrease the relapse ratio. Thus, the rhBMP-2/ACS composite may be therapeutically beneficial to the inhibition of relapse and shortening of the retention period during rapid expansion.
Topics: Animals; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Bone Regeneration; Bone Remodeling; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Collagen; Male; Osteocalcin; Palatal Expansion Technique; Parietal Bone; Periosteum; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Recombinant Proteins; Sutures; Time Factors; Transforming Growth Factor beta
PubMed: 23903053
DOI: 10.1538/expanim.62.189 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2020Effects of long-term bisphosphonate (BP) administration on the metabolism of healthy bone and the concomitant changes in imaging are unclear. Hence, we aimed to... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Effects of long-term bisphosphonate (BP) administration on the metabolism of healthy bone and the concomitant changes in imaging are unclear. Hence, we aimed to retrospectively investigate the effects of long-term BP administration on the intact parietal bone using the standardised uptake value (SUV) derived from single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). We enrolled 29 patients who had odontogenic infection, osteoporosis, bone metastasis cancer, or rheumatoid arthritis, and classified them into BP-naïve: A (14 patients) and BP-treated: B, < 4 years (7 patients) and C, ≥ 4 years (8 patients) groups. We measured the maximum bilateral SUV (SUVmax) of the parietal bone using quantitative bone SPECT software. There were significant differences in the duration of BP administration and SUVmax of the parietal bone among the diseases (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0086, respectively). There was a positive correlation between the duration of BP administration and SUVmax of the parietal bone (r = 0.65, P = 0.0002). The SUVmax was significantly different between A and B (P = 0.02) and between A and C (P = 0.0024) groups. This is the first report on the correlation between long-term BP administration and the SUVmax of the parietal bone using the quantitative bone SPECT analysis.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Pressure; Bone Neoplasms; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diphosphonates; Female; Humans; Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Odontoid Process; Osteoporosis; Parietal Bone; Pilot Projects; Radionuclide Imaging; Retrospective Studies; Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography; Technetium
PubMed: 33060659
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74335-y -
Revista de Neurologia Apr 2015Growing skull fracture, also known as post-traumatic bone absorption or leptomeningeal cyst, is a rare complication of traumatic brain injuries and occurs almost... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Growing skull fracture, also known as post-traumatic bone absorption or leptomeningeal cyst, is a rare complication of traumatic brain injuries and occurs almost exclusively in children under 3 years of age.
CASE REPORT
We report the case of a 6-month-old child who presented, two months after an apparently unimportant traumatic skull injury, persistence of left temporoparietooccipital cephalohaematoma with no other signs. A transfontanellar ultrasonography scan revealed a bone defect with brain herniation, and computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging also confirmed the existence of a growing fracture. Excision of the leptomeningeal cyst, dural closure and repair of the bone defect with plates and lactate material were performed. Three months after the operation, the patient still presented collection of fluid and recurrence of the growing fracture was confirmed. Following the second operation, a baby helmet was fitted in order to prevent renewed recurrences. One year after the traumatic injury occurred, the patient remains asymptomatic.
CONCLUSIONS
Any child under 3 years of age with a post-traumatic cephalohaematoma should be checked periodically until the full resolution of the collection of fluid, especially if they present a fractured skull. The presence of a cephalohaematoma that remains more than two weeks after traumatic brain injury must make us suspect a growing fracture and reparation of the dura mater and a cranioplasty will be needed to treat it. The use of resorbable material allows it to be remodelled as the patient's skull grows, but its fragility increases the risk of recurrence. The use of a baby helmet after the operation could prevent complications.
Topics: Absorbable Implants; Accidental Falls; Arachnoid Cysts; Craniocerebral Trauma; Disease Progression; Dura Mater; Encephalocele; Head Protective Devices; Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Occipital Bone; Parietal Bone; Prostheses and Implants; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Recurrence; Skull Fractures; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 25857859
DOI: No ID Found -
Maxillofacial Plastic and... Dec 2015The aims of present study were (1) to evaluate new bone formation among the 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR)-incorporated silk fabric membrane (SFM), conventional SFM, and...
BACKGROUND
The aims of present study were (1) to evaluate new bone formation among the 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR)-incorporated silk fabric membrane (SFM), conventional SFM, and uncovered control groups and (2) to compare the amount of residual membrane between the 4HR-incorporated SFM and conventional SFM in a rabbit parietal defect model.
METHODS
Nine New Zealand white rabbits were used for this animal study. After the formation of a bilateral parietal bone defect (diameter 8.0 mm), either 4HR-incorporated SFM or conventional SFM was grafted into the defect. The defect in the control was left uncovered. New bone formation and the amount of residual membrane were evaluated by histomorphometry at 8 weeks after the operation.
RESULTS
The total amount of new bone was 37.84 ± 8.30 % in the control, 56.64 ± 15.74 % in the 4HR-incorporated SFM group, and 53.35 ± 10.52 % in the conventional SFM group 8 weeks after the operation. The differences were significant between the control and 4HR-incorporated SFM group ( = 0.016) and between the control and conventional SFM group ( = 0.040). The residual membrane was 75.08 ± 10.52 % in the 4HR-incorporated SFM group and 92.23 ± 5.46 % in the conventional SFM group 8 weeks after the operation. The difference was significant ( = 0.039).
CONCLUSIONS
The 4HR-incorporated SFM and conventional SFM groups showed more bone regeneration than the control group. The incorporated 4HR accelerated the partial degradation of the silk fabric membrane in a rabbit parietal defect model 8 weeks after the operation.
PubMed: 26709373
DOI: 10.1186/s40902-015-0034-0 -
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &... Nov 2017While spring-assisted cranioplasty has become a widespread technique to correct scaphocephaly in children with sagittal synostosis, predicting head shape changes induced...
BACKGROUND
While spring-assisted cranioplasty has become a widespread technique to correct scaphocephaly in children with sagittal synostosis, predicting head shape changes induced by the gradual opening of the springs remains challenging. This study aimed to explore the role of cranial bone structure on surgical outcomes.
METHODS
Patients with isolated sagittal synostosis undergoing spring-assisted cranioplasty at GOSH (London, UK) were recruited (n = 18, age: 3-8 months). Surgical outcome was assessed by the change in cephalic index measured on 3D head scans acquired before spring insertion and after their removal using a 3D handheld scanner. Parietal bone samples routinely discarded during spring-assisted cranioplasty were collected and scanned using micro-computed tomography. From visual assessment of such scans, bone structure was classified into one- or three-layered, the latter indicating the existence of a diploë cavity. Bone average thickness, volume fraction and surface density were computed and correlated with changes in cephalic index.
RESULTS
Cephalic index increased for all patients (p < 0.001), but individual improvement varied. Although the patient age and treatment duration were not significantly correlated with changes in cephalic index, bone structural parameters were. The increase of cephalic index was smaller with increasing bone thickness (Pearson's r = -0.79, p < 0.001) and decreasing bone surface density (r = 0.77, p < 0.001), associated with the three-layered bone structure.
CONCLUSIONS
Variation in parietal bone micro-structure was associated with the magnitude of head shape changes induced by spring-assisted cranioplasty. This suggests that bone structure analysis could be a valuable adjunct in designing surgical strategies that yield optimal patient-specific outcomes.
Topics: Cephalometry; Cranial Sutures; Craniosynostoses; Craniotomy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Infant; Male; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 28734753
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2017.06.017 -
Cells, Tissues, Organs 2009The mammalian skull vault consists mainly of 5 flat bones, the paired frontals and parietals, and the unpaired interparietal. All of these bones are formed by...
The mammalian skull vault consists mainly of 5 flat bones, the paired frontals and parietals, and the unpaired interparietal. All of these bones are formed by intramembranous ossification within a layer of mesenchyme, the skeletogenic membrane, located between the dermal mesenchyme and the meninges surrounding the brain. While the frontal bones are of neural crest in origin, the parietal bones arise from mesoderm. The present study is a characterization of frontal and parietal bones at their molecular level, aiming to highlight distinct differences between the neural crest-derived frontal and mesodermal-derived parietal bone. We performed a detailed comparative gene expression profile of FGF ligands and their receptors known to play crucial role in skeletogenesis. This analysis revealed that a differential expression pattern of the major FGF osteogenic molecules and their receptors exists between the neural crest-derived frontal bone and the paraxial mesoderm-derived parietal bone. Particularly, the expression of ligands such as Fgf-2, Fgf-9 and Fgf-18 was upregulated in frontal bone on embryonic day 17.5, postnatal day 1 and postnatal day 60 mice. Frontal bone also elaborated higher levels of Fgf receptor 1, 2 and 3 transcripts versus parietal bone. Taken together, these data suggest that the frontal bone is a domain with higher FGF-signaling competence than parietal bone.
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Frontal Bone; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Mice; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Parietal Bone; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor
PubMed: 19218784
DOI: 10.1159/000202789 -
Ghana Medical Journal Sep 2018Metastatic tumours of the oral cavity are not common. The most common site for bone metastases in the head and neck region is the mandible. Metastatic lesion of the...
Metastatic tumours of the oral cavity are not common. The most common site for bone metastases in the head and neck region is the mandible. Metastatic lesion of the mandible most commonly originate from the lungs in men and breast in women, and these lesions (or tumours) usually are carcinomas rather than sarcomas. We report two cases of metastatic lesions in the mandible: (1) A 19year old male with right mandibular swelling and a nodular swelling in the distal two-third of the right tibia. Radiograghs revealed sclerotic lesion with a sunburst appearance in both the jaw and tibia. Histology of the jaw lesion confirmed a metastatic osteosarcoma of the mandible. (2) A 51year old female with a right mandibular swelling with associated swelling in the anterior neck, right shoulder and right parietal region of the skull. Computerised tomography scan (CT) of the jaws showed an osteolytic lesion of the right mandible. CT scan of the brain also showed a large lytic lesion seen in the posterior aspect of the right parietal bone. Histology of the jaw mass confirmed a metastatic follicular carcinoma from the thyroid. Mandibular metastasis may be the first presenting feature of underlying occult malignancy of another primary site. Therefore, clinicians should maintain a high level of suspicion while evaluating patients with a history of cancer presenting with oral lesions.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Male; Mandibular Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Osteosarcoma; Palliative Care; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 30602804
DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v52i3.11