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Current Opinion in Urology Sep 2005This review defines the current role, indications, contraindications, advances, complications, and outcomes of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in the management of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review defines the current role, indications, contraindications, advances, complications, and outcomes of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in the management of renal tumors.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent publications have widened the scope for the application of this technology. The new advances in the management of renal tumors and the tools for tumor excision, renal parenchymal reconstruction, hemostasis, renal vascular control to establish renal ischemia, and the ability to avoid positive surgical margins have made the procedure safe and feasible in the hands of an experienced laparoscopist.
SUMMARY
The trend toward nephron-sparing surgery has become stronger even in the presence of normal contralateral functioning kidney. Data on oncologic efficacy are promising, and partial nephrectomy is becoming a standard therapy for renal tumors less than 4 cm in size in many centers. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy has evolved significantly during the past 10 years in our experience as well as that of others. It cannot be considered as a standard yet, but it is being performed in rapidly increasing numbers with good surgical efficiency and oncologic efficacy parallel to that of open surgery.
Topics: Hemostasis, Surgical; Humans; Ischemia; Kidney; Kidney Neoplasms; Laparoscopy; Nephrectomy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 16093853
DOI: 10.1097/01.mou.0000179909.07557.a7 -
Journal of Endourology May 2005In properly selected patients, partial nephrectomy yields oncologic efficacy similar to that of traditional radical nephrectomy. We have performed more than 415...
In properly selected patients, partial nephrectomy yields oncologic efficacy similar to that of traditional radical nephrectomy. We have performed more than 415 laparoscopic radical nephrectomies over the 5-year period beginning in September 1999. All patients undergo a three-dimensional CT scan with 3-mm sections prior to the operation. We generally prefer the transperitoneal approach, although for posterior tumors, a retroperitoneal approach is preferred. The kidney is dissected using standard technique. Intraoperative hydration is given to maintain diuresis. Detailed real-time ultrasonographic delineation of the tumor is obtained to facilitate planning of the resection. We prefer en-bloc hilar clamping. The renal capsule is scored circumferentially with the "L" hook electrocautery. Parenchymal incision and tumor resection is performed using heavy reuseable scissors. The base of the resection defect is closed using a running 2-0 Vicryl on a CT-1 needle. The water-tightness of pelvicaliceal repair is tested by repeat gentle injection of indigo carmine through a ureteral catheter. Next, the parenchyma is closed with 1 Vicryl on a CTX needle placed over an oxidized cellulose bolster. The specimen is extracted within an entrapment bag. Initially, a surgeon should be highly selective, including patients with small, mostly exophytic, tumors. With increasing comfort and experience, the criteria can expand.
Topics: Hemostasis, Surgical; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Intraoperative Care; Kidney Neoplasms; Laparoscopy; Nephrectomy; Preoperative Care; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 15910254
DOI: 10.1089/end.2005.19.451 -
International Journal of Surgery... Jun 2015Widespread application of the minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) techniques like laparoscopic and robotic partial nephrectomy, has been limited by concerns... (Review)
Review
Widespread application of the minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) techniques like laparoscopic and robotic partial nephrectomy, has been limited by concerns about prolonged warm ischemia. So techniques aiming at performing have been actively explored. A systemic review of literatures on the MIPN without hilar clamping was performed and related methods were summarized. There are mainly seven methods including selective/segmental renal artery clamping technique, selective renal parenchymal clamping technique, targeted renal blood flow interruption technique, laser supported MIPN, radio frequency assisted MIPN, hydro-jet assisted MIPN, and sequential preplaced suture renorrhaphy technique that have been undergoing enthusiastic investigation for achieving MINP without hilar clamping. All of these emerging techniques represent the exploring work to achieve a zero ischemia MIPN for small renal tumors of different characteristics. Though not perfect for any of the technique, they deserve a further assessment during their future experimental and clinical applications.
Topics: Catheter Ablation; Constriction; Humans; Laparoscopy; Lasers; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Nephrectomy; Postoperative Hemorrhage; Renal Artery; Robotics; Suture Techniques
PubMed: 25895732
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.04.046 -
European Urology May 2012Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2-3% of adult malignancies. There remain uncertainties over the oncological outcomes for the surgical management of localised RCC. (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2-3% of adult malignancies. There remain uncertainties over the oncological outcomes for the surgical management of localised RCC.
OBJECTIVE
Systematically review relevant literature comparing oncological outcomes of surgical management of localised RCC (T1-2N0M0).
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
Relevant databases including Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to October 2010, and an updated scoping search was performed up to January 2012. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs, prospective observational studies with controls, retrospective matched-pair studies, and comparative studies from well-defined registries/databases were included. The main outcomes were overall survival, cancer-specific survival, recurrence, and metastases. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess RCTs, and an extended version was used to assess nonrandomised studies (NRSs). The quality of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
A total of 4580 abstracts and 389 full-text articles were assessed. Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria (6 RCTs and 28 NRSs). Meta-analyses were planned but were deemed inappropriate due to data heterogeneity. There were high risks of bias and low-quality evidence across the evidence base. Open radical nephrectomy and open partial nephrectomy showed similar cancer-specific and overall survival, but when both open and laparoscopic approaches are considered together, the evidence showed improved survival for partial nephrectomy for tumours ≤4cm. The overall evidence suggests either equivalent or better survival with partial nephrectomy. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy offered equivalent survival to open radical nephrectomy, and all laparoscopic approaches achieved equivalent survival. Open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy achieved equivalent survival. The issue of ipsilateral adrenalectomy or complete lymph node dissection with radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy remains unresolved.
CONCLUSIONS
The evidence base suggests localised RCCs are best managed by nephron-sparing surgery where technically feasible. However, the current evidence base has significant limitations due to studies of low methodological quality marked by high risks of bias.
Topics: Adrenalectomy; Bias; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Laparoscopy; Lymph Node Excision; Male; Nephrectomy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 22405593
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.02.039 -
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and predicted risk of cardiovascular events after partial nephrectomy.Asian Journal of Surgery Jan 2024Emerging evidence suggests that uremic toxins, in particular trimethylamine-N-oxide(TMAO), indoxyl-sulfate(IS), and p-cresyl-sulfate(PCS), may associate with increased...
INTRODUCTION
Emerging evidence suggests that uremic toxins, in particular trimethylamine-N-oxide(TMAO), indoxyl-sulfate(IS), and p-cresyl-sulfate(PCS), may associate with increased risk of cardiovascular events(CVe). However, whether uremic toxins increase after partial nephrectomy(PN) and their correlation with risk for CVe remains unknown.
METHODS
100 patients managed with PN were retrospectively reviewed. TMAO/IS/PCS levels were examined by liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry. Renal-parenchymal-volume-preservation(RPVP) was estimated from CT scans. Predicted risks for CVe were obtained using the Framingham score. Linear regression assessed association between uremic toxins, GFR and risk of CVe. Logistic regression evaluated factors associated with post-PN TMAO.
RESULTS
TMAO, IS and PCS increased from 1.7, 3.7 and 3.5 μmol/L before PN to 3.6, 5.4 and 7.4 μmol/L at latest follow-up, respectively, while GFR declined from 102 to 93 ml/min/1.73 m (all p<0.001). TMAO, IS and PCS levels all negatively correlated with GFR(all p<0.001). Predicted 10-year risk of CVe increased from 1.1% pre-PN to 1.7% post-PN(p<0.001), primarily due to increased age(p<0.001), blood pressure(p = 0.002) and total cholesterol(p = 0.003). TMAO(β = 0.038) and GFR (β = -0.02) were independent predictors for predicted 10-year CVe risk on multivariable-analysis. Increased TMAO was an early and sustained finding maintained through 5 years, unlike IS, PCS and eGFR. On multivariable analysis, increased pre-PN TMAO(OR = 2.79) and decreased RPVP(OR = 3.23) were identified as independent risk factors for higher post-PN TMAO, while ischemia type/duration failed to correlate.
CONCLUSION
Uremic toxin levels increased after PN correlating with reduced GFR. Higher TMAO independently associated with greater predicted 10-year CVe risk. Parenchymal mass preserved rather than ischemia time or type associated with increased TMAO.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Uremic Toxins; Nephrectomy; Ischemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Sulfates; Oxides
PubMed: 37673746
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.08.104 -
Swiss Medical Weekly Jun 2022Over recent years, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has remained unchanged in Switzerland and is low compared with other European countries. Partial or...
BACKGROUND
Over recent years, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has remained unchanged in Switzerland and is low compared with other European countries. Partial or radical nephrectomy is the mainstay of treatment in patients with localised disease.
METHODS
We conducted an analysis of data from the cancer registry of Eastern Switzerland on patients with surgery for RCC from 2009 to 2018, focusing on a comparison of surgical technique and outcome in tertiary and non-tertiary hospitals.
RESULTS
492 nephrectomies were performed. Out of 441 curative procedures, 226 were radical and 195 partial nephrectomies (20 unknown). At the tertiary hospital, statistically significantly more partial nephrectomies were performed in non-metastatic patients than at non-tertiary hospitals. We demonstrate a trend towards better disease-free survival after partial compared with radical nephrectomy. The 5-year overall survival for patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2013 was 85%, 83%, and 70% in stage I, II, and III, respectively, compared with 96%, 78%, and 72% for patients diagnosed between 2014 and 2018.
CONCLUSION
RCC incidence in Switzerland has been stable during the past decade in contrast to other European countries, and no stage migration occurred. We demonstrated that patients with localised renal cancer at our tertiary centre were more likely to be treated with renal preserving surgery compared with non-tertiary hospitals. This analysis underlines the importance of local cancer registries in the comparison of treatment and outcome over time.
Topics: Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Humans; Incidence; Kidney; Kidney Neoplasms; Nephrectomy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35752957
DOI: 10.4414/smw.2022.w30175 -
Cancer Apr 2009Relative to radical nephrectomy (RN), partial nephrectomy (PN) performed for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may protect from non-cancer-related deaths. The authors tested...
BACKGROUND
Relative to radical nephrectomy (RN), partial nephrectomy (PN) performed for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may protect from non-cancer-related deaths. The authors tested this hypothesis in a cohort of PN and RN patients.
METHODS
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-9 database allowed identification of 2198 PN (22.4%) and 7611 RN (77.6%) patients treated for T1aN0M0 RCC between 1988 and 2004. Analyses matched for age, year of surgery, tumor size, and Fuhrman grade addressed the effect of nephrectomy type (RN vs PN) on overall mortality (Cox regression models) and on non-cancer-related mortality (competing-risks regression models).
RESULTS
Relative to PN, RN was associated with 1.23-fold (P = .001) increased overall mortality rate, which translated into a 4.9% and 3.1% absolute increase in mortality at 5 and 10 years after surgery, respectively. Similarly, non-cancer-related death rate was significantly higher after RN in competing-risks regression models (P < .001), which translated into a 4.6% and 4.5% absolute increase in non-cancer-related mortality at 5 and 10 years after surgery, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Relative to PN, RN predisposes to an increase in overall mortality and non-cancer-related death rate in patients with T1a RCC. In consequence, PN should be attempted whenever technically feasible. Selective referrals should be considered if PN expertise is unavailable.
Topics: Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrectomy; Postoperative Complications; SEER Program; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 19195042
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24035 -
International Journal of Surgery... Dec 2020To investigate the overall prevalence of benign pathology after partial nephrectomy (PN) and identify predictive factors for benign pathology after PN. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the overall prevalence of benign pathology after partial nephrectomy (PN) and identify predictive factors for benign pathology after PN.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed/Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2019PRISMA guidelines. The data for the meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were pooled using a random-effects model.
RESULTS
There were 144 studies included in the final analysis, which was comprised of 79 observational studies (n = 37,300) and 65 comparative studies (n = 18,552). The overall prevalence rate of benign pathology after PN was 0.19 (95% CI: 0.18-0.21). According to the procedure types, the prevalence rate of benign pathology was 0.17 (95% CI: 0.15-0.19), 0.24 (95% CI: 0.22-0.27), and 0.16 (95% CI: 0.15-0.18) in open partial nephrectomy, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, and robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, respectively. The significant moderating factors were gender, publication year, the origin of the study, and procedure types. The three most common benign pathology types were oncocytomas, angiomyolipomas, and renal cysts (44.50%, 30.20%, and 10.99%, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
The overall prevalence of benign pathology after PN was not low and it was affected by female gender, studies published before 2010, studies originating from Western areas, and laparoscopic procedure types.
Topics: Angiomyolipoma; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Laparoscopy; Nephrectomy; Prevalence; Robotic Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 33220454
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.11.009 -
Pain Research & Management 2023This prospective, randomized, double-blinded, noninferiority study aimed to compare the effects of analgesia and recovery between transmuscular quadratus lumborum block... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparison of the Postoperative Analgesic Effects between Ultrasound-Guided Transmuscular Quadratus Lumborum Block and Thoracic Paravertebral Block in Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Patients: A Randomized, Controlled, and Noninferiority Study.
BACKGROUND
This prospective, randomized, double-blinded, noninferiority study aimed to compare the effects of analgesia and recovery between transmuscular quadratus lumborum block (TMQLB) and paravertebral block (PVB).
METHODS
Sixty-eight, American Society of Anesthesiologists level I-III patients, who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were randomly allocated to either TMQLB or PVB group (independent variable) in a 1 : 1 ratio. The TMQLB and PVB groups received corresponding regional anesthesia preoperatively with 0.4 ml/kg of 0.5% ropivacaine and follow-up at postoperative 4, 12, 24, and 48 hours. The participants and outcome assessors were blinded to group allocation. We hypothesized that the primary outcome, postoperative 48-hour cumulative morphine consumption, in the TMQLB group was not more than 50% of that in the PVB group. Secondary outcomes including pain numerical rating scales (NRS) and postoperative recovery data were dependent variables.
RESULTS
Thirty patients in each group completed the study. The postoperative 48-hour cumulative morphine consumption was 10.60 ± 5.28 mg in the TMQLB group and 6.40 ± 3.40 mg in the PVB group. The ratio (TMQLB versus PVB) of postoperative 48-hour morphine consumption was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.13-1.48), indicating a noninferior analgesic effect of TMQLB to PVB. The sensory block range was wider in the TMQLB group than in the PVB group (difference 2 dermatomes, 95% CI 1 to 4 dermatomes, =0.004). The intraoperative analgesic dose was higher in the TMQLB group than in the PVB group (difference 32 g, 95% CI: 3-62 g, =0.03). The postoperative pain NRS at rest and on movement, incidences of side effects, anesthesia-related satisfaction, and quality of recovery scores were similar between the two groups (all > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The postoperative 48-hour analgesic effect of TMQLB was noninferior to that of PVB in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. This trial is registered with NCT03975296.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Pain, Postoperative; Laparoscopy; Morphine; Ultrasonography, Interventional; Nephrectomy; Anesthetics, Local
PubMed: 36891030
DOI: 10.1155/2023/8652596 -
Archivio Italiano Di Urologia,... Oct 2019To evaluate oncological feasibility and oncological and functional results of retroperitoneal sutureless zero ischemia laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN).
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate oncological feasibility and oncological and functional results of retroperitoneal sutureless zero ischemia laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with posterior renal masses with low nephrometry score (RENAL ≤ 7) treated who underwent retroperitoneal sutureless zero ischemia.in a single center from January 2016 to November 2017. Clinical, surgical and pathological data were prospectively collected. Complications were reported according to the modified Clavien classification.
RESULTS
Retroperitoneal sutureless zero ischemia laparoscopic partial nephrectomy was performed on 15 patients. The indication for nephron-sparing surgery was elective in 11 (73%) patients and imperative in 4 (27%). Median RENAL score was 5 (IQR: 5-7), median tumor diameter 25 mm (IQR: 20-35). In 11 cases, the tumor was located polar (85%), and in 2 cases hilar (15%). There were no intraoperative complications. No cases were converted to radical nephrectomy, and in no case parenchyma suture was necessary. Median operative time was 90 min (IQR:40-150), in no case clamping of the renal artery was necessary, median hospital stay was 4 days, median estimated blood loss (EBL) was 310 (180-500) ml. Pathological analysis showed renal cell carcinoma in 11 patients (85%), 9 (60%) staged T1a and 2 (13%) T1b. In 4 (27%) an oncocytoma was found. There were no positive surgical margins. One patient developed a major postoperative complication (postoperative renal bleeding requiring super-selective embolization). Trifecta rate was 93%.
CONCLUSIONS
Sutureless retroperitoneal zero ischemia LPN for the treatment of low-complexity posterior renal masses showed to be safe and feasible. Longer follow-up and higher numbers of patients are, however, warranted to draw definitive conclusions on functional outcomes.
Topics: Aged; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Ischemia; Kidney; Kidney Neoplasms; Laparoscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrectomy; Retroperitoneal Space; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31577100
DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2019.3.157