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Laboratory Animals Apr 2021An otherwise healthy two-month-old female C57BL/6J mouse presented with a left-sided head tilt. Differential diagnoses included idiopathic necrotizing arteritis,...
An otherwise healthy two-month-old female C57BL/6J mouse presented with a left-sided head tilt. Differential diagnoses included idiopathic necrotizing arteritis, bacterial otitis media/interna (, , , and ), encephalitis, an abscess, neoplasia, a congenital malformation and an accidental or iatrogenic head trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large space-occupying right olfactory lobe intra-axial lesion with severe secondary left-sided subfalcine herniation. Following imaging, the animal was euthanized due to poor prognosis. Histopathologic examination revealed a unilateral, full-thickness bone defect at the base of the cribriform plate and nasal conchae dysplasia, resulting in the herniation of the olfactory bulb into the nasal cavity. There was also a left midline-shift of the frontal cortex and moderate catarrhal sinusitis in the left mandibular sinus. The MRI and histopathologic changes are consistent with a congenital malformation of the nasal cavity and frontal aspect of the skull known as an ethmoidal meningoencephalocele. Encephaloceles are rare abnormalities caused by herniation of contents of the brain through a defect in the skull which occur due to disruption of the neural tube closure at the level anterior neuropore or secondary to trauma, surgical complications, cleft palate or increased intracranial pressure. The etiology is incompletely understood but hypotheses include genetics, vitamin deficiency, teratogens, infectious agents and environmental factors. Ethmoidal encephaloceles have been reported in multiple species including humans but have not been reported previously in mice. There are multiple models for spontaneous and induced craniofacial malformation in mice, but none described for ethmoidal encephaloceles.
Topics: Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Encephalocele; Ethmoid Bone; Fatal Outcome; Female; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Meningocele; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 32787540
DOI: 10.1177/0023677220944449 -
Veterinaria Italiana 2016In 2008, a 2 months-old male German shepherd was presented with fever, depression, and evident organic wasting. The puppy died within 48 hours after the onset of...
In 2008, a 2 months-old male German shepherd was presented with fever, depression, and evident organic wasting. The puppy died within 48 hours after the onset of clinical signs. A complete necropsy was performed. Bacteriological examination of samples from the brain, lung, liver, spleen, and bone marrow tested positive for Pasteurella pneumotropica. Histopathology demonstrated inflammatory and vascular lesions in the central nervous system and internal organs. Canine adenovirus type 1 nucleic acid was detected by polymerase chain reaction in the frozen brain but not in the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver and lung samples. The positive PCR was subsequently confirmed by indirect fluorescent antibody testing of the paraffin-embedded brain and liver sections. Although the liver is the primary site of viral damage, these laboratory findings suggest that Canine adenovirus type 1 infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of neuropathological diseases in dogs and that adenoviral infections could promote septicaemia caused by opportunistic pathogens.
Topics: Adenoviruses, Canine; Animals; Coinfection; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Hepatitis, Infectious Canine; Male; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurella pneumotropica
PubMed: 27033531
DOI: 10.12834/VetIt.270.934.1 -
Experimental Animals Feb 2022We surveyed mouse microbiological contamination rates by testing rates for common contaminants using serological, culture, and parasitological methods. A total of 21,292...
We surveyed mouse microbiological contamination rates by testing rates for common contaminants using serological, culture, and parasitological methods. A total of 21,292 experimentally housed mice from 206 animal facilities, including hospitals, universities, companies, and research institutes, were tested over a 6-year period from 2014 to 2019. The most commonly found contaminants were various species of nonpathogenic protozoa (47.2%). The most common pathogenic bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (21.2%), Pasteurella pneumotropica (12.5%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.8%). Mouse hepatitis virus (6.1%) was detected, but no other viral or bacterial pathogens were found. These results establish that the main pathogens that currently contaminate mouse facilities in Korea are opportunistic pathogens and that contamination with important pathogens, such as those in Categories B or C, has decreased.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Mice; Republic of Korea; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 34707028
DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0083 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Jun 1973The literature concerning Pasteurella pneumotropica infection in animals and man is briefly reviewed and a case presented in which the organism was the cause of...
The literature concerning Pasteurella pneumotropica infection in animals and man is briefly reviewed and a case presented in which the organism was the cause of septicaemia in a patient receiving chemotherapy for myeloid leukaemia. Bacteriological findings are recorded and compared with those of other authors.
Topics: Ampicillin; Cephaloridine; Chloramphenicol; Culture Media; Cytarabine; Daunorubicin; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Pasteurella Infections; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Tetracycline
PubMed: 4352465
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.26.6.396 -
IDCases 2020is an important bacterial pathogen in both animals and humans. Most reported Pasteurella infections in humans involve skin and soft tissues, often after an animal bite,...
is an important bacterial pathogen in both animals and humans. Most reported Pasteurella infections in humans involve skin and soft tissues, often after an animal bite, scratch, or lick to an open wound. We report a case of septic arthritis with in a diabetic and cardiopathic patient who was the victim of a rat bite in the street, with a good evolution after medical and surgical treatment.
PubMed: 33209584
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00989 -
Experimental Animals Apr 2005Discrepancies have been recognized in the identification of Pasteurella pneumotropica between testing laboratories. To determine the causes of the differences and to...
Discrepancies have been recognized in the identification of Pasteurella pneumotropica between testing laboratories. To determine the causes of the differences and to propose a reliable identification procedure for P. pneumotropica, a working group was organized and 69 isolates identified or suspected as P. pneumotropica were collected from 8 laboratories in Japan. These isolates were examined by colony morphology, Gram-staining, the slide agglutination test using two antisera (ATCC35149 and MaR), two commercially available biochemical test kits (ID test, API20NE) and two primer sets of PCR tests (Wang PCR, CIEA PCR). The 69 isolates and two reference strains were divided into 10 groups by test results. No single procedure for P. pneumotropica identification was found. Among tested isolates, large differences were not observed by colony morphology and Gram-straining except for colony colors that depended on their biotypes. Sixty-eight out of 69 isolates were positive by the slide agglutination test using two antisera except for one isolate that tested with one antiserum. The ID test identified 61 out of 69 isolates as P. pneumotropica and there was no large difference from the results of CIEA PCR. From these results, we recommend the combination of colony observation, Gram-straining, the slide agglutination tests with two antisera and biochemical test using the ID test for practical and reliable identification of this organism.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Bacteriological Techniques; Cricetinae; Guinea Pigs; Japan; Mice; Pasteurella pneumotropica; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rabbits; Rats
PubMed: 15897620
DOI: 10.1538/expanim.54.123 -
BMC Microbiology May 2018Mice are a natural host for Rodentibacter (R.) pneumotropicus. Despite specific monitoring, it is still one of the most important infectious agents in laboratory... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Comparative analysis of humoral immune responses and pathologies of BALB/c and C57BL/6 wildtype mice experimentally infected with a highly virulent Rodentibacter pneumotropicus (Pasteurella pneumotropica) strain.
BACKGROUND
Mice are a natural host for Rodentibacter (R.) pneumotropicus. Despite specific monitoring, it is still one of the most important infectious agents in laboratory animals. The objective of this study was to determine the virulence of a prevalent pathotype of R. pneumotropicus and characterize the host response in a new animal model.
RESULTS
Intranasal infection of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice with a R. pneumotropicus strain (JF4Ni) bearing the genes of the three known repeats in toxin (RTX) toxins resulted in an unprecedented high mortality and morbidity above 50 and 80%, respectively. Morbidity was associated with severe weight loss as well as conjunctivitis and dyspnea. A main pathology was a catarrhal purulent to necrotic bronchopneumonia. Specific immune globuline (Ig) A was detected in tracheonasal lavages of most surviving mice which were still colonized by R. pneumotropicus. Furthermore, all surviving animals showed a distinct production of IgG antibodies. To differentiate T-helper cell (Th) 1 and Th2 immune responses we used subclasses of IgGs as indicators. Mean ratios of IgG2b to IgG1 were below 0.8 in sera drawn from both mice strains prior infection and from BALB/c mice post infection. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice had a mean IgG2b/IgG1 ratio of 1.6 post infection indicating a Th1 immune response in C57BL/6 versus a Th2 response in BALB/c mice associated with a tenfold higher bacterial load in the lung. In accordance with a Th1 response high antigen-specific IgG2c titers were detected in the majority of surviving C57BL/6 mice.
CONCLUSIONS
R. pneumotropicus JF4Ni is a highly virulent strain causing severe pneumonia and septicemia after intranasal infection of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Persisting infections in the two mice strains are associated with Th1 and Th2 immune responses, respectively, and differences in the bacterial burden of the lung. The described model is ideally suited for future vaccination studies using the natural host.
Topics: Animals; Immunity, Humoral; Immunoglobulin G; Lung; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurella pneumotropica; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Sepsis; Th1 Cells; Th2 Cells
PubMed: 29848308
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1186-8 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 2005The identification of Pasteurella and related bacteria remains a challenge. Here, a 449- to 473-bp fragment (sodA(int)) internal to the sodA gene, encoding the...
The identification of Pasteurella and related bacteria remains a challenge. Here, a 449- to 473-bp fragment (sodA(int)) internal to the sodA gene, encoding the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase, was amplified and sequenced with a single pair of degenerate primers from the type strains of Pasteurella (18 strains), Gallibacterium (1 strain), and Mannheimia (5 strains) species. The sodA(int)-based phylogenetic tree was in general agreement with that inferred from the analysis of the corresponding 16S rRNA gene sequences, with members of the Pasteurella sensu stricto cluster (Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella canis, Pasteurella dagmatis, and Pasteurella stomatis) forming a monophyletic group and Gallibacterium and Mannheimia being independent monophyletic genera. However, the sodA(int) sequences showed a markedly higher divergence than the corresponding 16S rRNA genes, confirming that sodA is a potent target to differentiate related species. Thirty-three independent human clinical isolates phenotypically assigned to 13 Pasteurella species by a reference laboratory were successfully identified by comparing their sodA(int) sequences to those of the type species. In the course of this work, we identified the first Gallibacterium anatis isolate ever reported from a human clinical specimen. The sodA(int) sequences of the clinical isolates displayed less than 2.5% divergence from those of the corresponding type strains, except for the Pasteurella pneumotropica isolates, which were closely related to each other (> 98% sodA(int) sequence identity) but shared only 92% sodA(int) identity with the type strain. The method described here provides a rapid and accurate tool for species identification of Pasteurella isolates when access to a sequencing facility is available.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; DNA Primers; DNA, Bacterial; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Pasteurella; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurellaceae; Phylogeny; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 15872260
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.5.2307-2314.2005 -
Veterinary World Dec 2019A total of 112 freshly dead ducks aged from 2 to 20 weeks old with a history of respiratory manifestations were investigated for the implication of family members.
AIM
A total of 112 freshly dead ducks aged from 2 to 20 weeks old with a history of respiratory manifestations were investigated for the implication of family members.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Isolation and identification to the family level were conducted by conventional bacteriological methods, including microscopic examination and biochemical characterization. Identification to the species level was conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analytical profile index (API) 20E kits.
RESULTS
Conventional bacteriological isolation and biochemical characterization revealed the infection of 16/112 examined birds with a prevalence rate of 14.3%. PCR confirmed the detection of family conserved genes B and z in 16/16 (100%) isolates. PCR was also used for genus and species identification of the isolated members; the results revealed that 5/16 (31.3%) of isolates were and 2/16 of isolates (12.5%) were . , , and were not detected by PCR. Biotyping by API 20E successfully identified 5/16 (31.3%) isolates that could not be typed by PCR and confirmed their belonging to . Neither the available PCR primer sets nor API 20E succeeded for species identification of 4/16 (25%) isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility profiling of isolates revealed that 16/16 (100%) of isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes. Moreover, 16/16 (100%) of isolates demonstrated a phenotypic resistance pattern to neomycin.
CONCLUSION
Combined genotypic, phenotypic, biotyping, and virulence characterizations are required for laboratory identification of pathogenic . Moreover, was not the prevailed member implicated in respiratory problems in ducks as , , and unidentified strains were involved with higher prevalence. Chloramphenicol and ampicillin demonstrated the highest effects on the studied . Furthermore, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant isolates signified the demand to implement targeted surveillance in the ducks' production sector, and MDR survey in poultry sectors in Egypt to apply effective control measures.
PubMed: 32095060
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.2061-2069 -
PloS One 2023A range of analytical methods (GC-MS, LC-MS, voltammetry, microbiological and microscopic techniques, PCR) was used to assay a range of potential chemical and biological...
A range of analytical methods (GC-MS, LC-MS, voltammetry, microbiological and microscopic techniques, PCR) was used to assay a range of potential chemical and biological contaminants in soil and dandelion samples. The results provide the first comprehensive safety analysis of dandelion as a herbal product. Samples were collected from three different sites in Poland where the local population collects dandelion plants for their own consumption: Rudenka (a mountain meadow in the European Ecological Network of Natura 2000 protection area, free of agrotechnical treatments for over 30 years), Warszawa 1 (dense single-family housing with heavy traffic), and Warszawa 2 (recreation area with heavy traffic near a coal-fired heat and power plant). The assays of heavy metals and other chemical pollutants (PAHs, PCBs, dioxins, pesticides, mycotoxins) confirm that all collected soil and dandelion samples were chemically pure; however, 95 species of pathogenic bacteria were detected, including "carnivorous" Vibrio vulnificus, zoonotic Pasteurella pneumotropica, Pasteurella canis, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus lentus and Francisella tularensis as well as 14 species of pathogenic fungi and one protozoan parasite (Giardia intestinalis). The discovery of septicemia agents V. vulnificus, Fusobacterium mortiferum and Rahnella aquatilis in the soil surrounding dandelion roots and in the flowers, G. intestinalis in dandelion leaves and roots samples, all collected in Warsaw, is highly disturbing. This finding underlines the need for increased caution when collecting dandelion in densely populated areas with a large population of pets. Thorough washing of the harvested plants is necessary before using them for consumption, especially in the case of making salads from fresh dandelion leaves, which is becoming increasingly popular among people leading healthy and an environmentally friendly lifestyle.
Topics: Humans; Taraxacum; Environmental Pollutants; Soil; Metals, Heavy; Plant Leaves; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 36662824
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280810