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Ugeskrift For Laeger Mar 2018
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 29536834
DOI: No ID Found -
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes Jul 2020Obesity has become a serious public health problem and family- and school-based interventions including physical exercise and diet control have been widely applied to... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Obesity has become a serious public health problem and family- and school-based interventions including physical exercise and diet control have been widely applied to attempt to combat this issue. The purpose of our study was to verify the effectiveness of an obesity-related comprehensive intervention model aimed at improving quality of life (QoL) among adolescents.
METHODS
A cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted involving 948 subjects who were divided into an intervention group (n = 518) and a control group (n = 430). The intervention group received 1 year of obesity-related health education, physical exercise, and diet control. Their baseline body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and their QoL and basic information were assessed both before and after the intervention period using a self-designed Adolescent Quality of Life Scale and a basic information questionnaire.
RESULTS
After the intervention, significant differences in the psychological, social, and pubertal dimensions, and in total QoL (P < 0.05) were observed in the intervention group relative to the control group. Improved psychological QoL in the intervention group was our most robust study finding, with increases in psychological (B = 1.883, SE = 0.646, P = 0.004), pubertal (B = 0.853, SE = 0.296, P = 0.004) and total (B = 3.024, SE = 1.214, P = 0.013) QoL all being higher in this group. This intervention effect was found to be more substantial in boys than in girls.
CONCLUSIONS
Family-individual-school-based interventions combining obesity-related health education, physical exercise, and diet control can improve psychological, pubertal, and total QoL in children, with these effects being most pronounced in boys.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
retrospectively registered NCT02343588 .
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Child; China; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Pediatric Obesity; Quality of Life; School Health Services; Socioeconomic Factors; Students
PubMed: 32631401
DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01459-0 -
JAMA Network Open Dec 2020Treatment of pediatric obesity is challenging. Preclinical studies in mice indicated that weight and metabolism can be altered by gut microbiome manipulation. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
IMPORTANCE
Treatment of pediatric obesity is challenging. Preclinical studies in mice indicated that weight and metabolism can be altered by gut microbiome manipulation.
OBJECTIVE
To assess efficacy of fecal microbiome transfer (FMT) to treat adolescent obesity and improve metabolism.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial (October 2017-March 2019) with a 26-week follow-up was conducted among adolescents aged 14 to 18 years with a body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 30 or more in Auckland, New Zealand. A total of 87 individuals took part-565 individuals responded to advertisements, 328 were ineligible, and 150 declined participation. Clinical data were analyzed from September 2019 to May 2020.
INTERVENTIONS
Single course of oral encapsulated fecal microbiome from 4 healthy lean donors of the same sex or saline placebo.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Primary outcome was BMI standard deviation score at 6 weeks using intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary outcomes included body composition, cardiometabolic parameters, well-being, and gut microbiome composition.
RESULTS
Eighty-seven participants (59% female adolescents, mean [SD] age 17.2 [1.4] years) were randomized 1:1, in groups stratified by sex, to FMT (42 participants) or placebo (45 participants). There was no effect of FMT on BMI standard deviation score at 6 weeks (adjusted mean difference [aMD] -0.026; 95% CI -0.074, 0.022). Reductions in android-to-gynoid-fat ratio in the FMT vs placebo group were observed at 6, 12, and 26 weeks, with aMDs of -0.021 (95% CI, -0.041 to -0.001), -0.023 (95% CI, -0.043 to -0.003), and -0.029 (95% CI, -0.049 to -0.008), respectively. There were no observed effects on insulin sensitivity, liver function, lipid profile, inflammatory markers, blood pressure, total body fat percentage, gut health, and health-related quality of life. Gut microbiome profiling revealed a shift in community composition among the FMT group, maintained up to 12 weeks. In post-hoc exploratory analyses among participants with metabolic syndrome at baseline, FMT led to greater resolution of this condition (18 to 4) compared with placebo (13 to 10) by 26 weeks (adjusted odds ratio, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01-0.45; P = .007). There were no serious adverse events recorded throughout the trial.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this randomized clinical trial of adolescents with obesite, there was no effect of FMT on weight loss in adolescents with obesity, although a reduction in abdominal adiposity was observed. Post-hoc analyses indicated a resolution of undiagnosed metabolic syndrome with FMT among those with this condition. Further trials are needed to confirm these results and identify organisms and mechanisms responsible for mediating the observed benefits.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: ACTRN12615001351505.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Double-Blind Method; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic; New Zealand; Pediatric Obesity; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33346848
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.30415 -
Public Health Research & Practice Mar 2019
Topics: Australia; Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 30972401
DOI: 10.17061/phrp2911900 -
Appetite Oct 2015The prevalence of child and adolescent obesity in the United States increased dramatically between 1970 and 2000, and there are few indications that the rates of...
The prevalence of child and adolescent obesity in the United States increased dramatically between 1970 and 2000, and there are few indications that the rates of childhood obesity are decreasing. Obesity is associated with myriad medical, psychological, and neurocognitive abnormalities that impact children's health and quality of life. Genotypic variation is important in determining the susceptibility of individual children to undue gains in adiposity; however, the rapid increase in pediatric obesity prevalence suggests that changes to children's environments and/or to their learned behaviors may dramatically affect body weight regulation. This paper presents an overview of the epidemiology, consequences, and etiopathogenesis of pediatric obesity, serving as a general introduction to the subsequent papers in this Special Issue that address aspects of childhood obesity and cognition in detail.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Weight; Child; Comorbidity; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Prevalence; Risk Factors; United States
PubMed: 25836737
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.03.028 -
International Journal of Obesity (2005) Apr 2017Adipokines are involved in the etiology of diabetes, insulin resistance, and the development of atherosclerosis and other latent-onset complications. The objective of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE
Adipokines are involved in the etiology of diabetes, insulin resistance, and the development of atherosclerosis and other latent-onset complications. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of exercise interventions on adipokines in pediatric obesity.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
A computerized search was made using three databases. The analysis was restricted to studies that examined the effect of exercise interventions on adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin and visfatin) in pediatric obesity (6-18 years old). Fourteen randomized controlled trials (347 youths) were included. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
RESULTS
Exercise was associated with a significant increase in adiponectin (WMD=0.882 μg ml, 95% CI, 0.271-1.493) but did not alter leptin and resistin level. Likewise, exercise intensity and change in body fat; as well as total exercise program duration, duration of the sessions, and change in body fat all significantly influenced the effect of exercise on adiponectin and leptin, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Exercise seems to increase adiponectin levels in childhood obesity. Our results also suggested that exercise on its own, without the concomitant presence of changes in body composition levels, does not affect leptin levels.
Topics: Adipokines; Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Child; Exercise; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Pediatric Obesity; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 28017965
DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.230 -
Pediatric Annals Feb 2023
Topics: Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 36779878
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20230102-01 -
Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism 2022The global prevalence of childhood obesity has grown sharply in recent decades. Obesity is considered a public health problem which directly affects the health status of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The global prevalence of childhood obesity has grown sharply in recent decades. Obesity is considered a public health problem which directly affects the health status of children in numerous ways. To combat this trend, integrated approaches are necessary to prevent childhood obesity. Strategies require a comprehensive perspective at individual and parental level alongside the adoption of measures to engage the community and environment.
SUMMARY
Prevention is addressed as crucial in limiting the pediatric obesity epidemic in the long term. Breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding are recognized as early dietary factors that affect the future risk of obesity development during the first 2 years of life. During childhood and adolescence, dietary patterns, eating habits, portion size, eating frequencies, and family meals are important dietary factors to target for preventive strategies, as well as parenting style which is influenced by parents' education. Physical activity promotion and the reduction of sedentary behavior are also recommended. The adherence of children and families to obesity prevention programs is highly dependent on socioeconomic factors. Moreover, setting food quality standards and public policies to promote healthy lifestyle habits is strongly advocated. The implementation of cost-effective preventive strategies is of high priority and requires an integrated approach by healthcare services. All stakeholders involved should take an active role in supporting and empowering children and families in order to cope with this multifactorial and complex disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Exercise; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Parenting; Parents; Pediatric Obesity; Sedentary Behavior
PubMed: 35679843
DOI: 10.1159/000524962 -
Journal For Healthcare Quality :... 2014Pediatric obesity treatment programs report high attrition rates, but it is unknown if family experience and satisfaction contributes. This review surveys the literature... (Review)
Review
Pediatric obesity treatment programs report high attrition rates, but it is unknown if family experience and satisfaction contributes. This review surveys the literature regarding satisfaction in pediatric obesity and questions used in measurement. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using Medline, PsychINFO, and CINAHL. Studies of satisfaction in pediatric weight management were reviewed, and related studies of obesity were included. Satisfaction survey questions were obtained from the articles or from the authors. Eighteen studies were included; 14 quantitative and 4 qualitative. Only one study linked satisfaction to attrition, and none investigated the association of satisfaction and weight outcomes. Most investigations included satisfaction as a secondary aim or used single-item questions of overall satisfaction; only one assessed satisfaction in noncompleters. Overall, participants expressed high levels of satisfaction with obesity treatment or prevention programs. Surveys focused predominantly on overall satisfaction or specific components of the program. Few in-depth studies of satisfaction with pediatric obesity treatment have been conducted. Increased focus on family satisfaction with obesity treatment may provide an avenue to lower attrition rates and improve outcomes. Enhancing measurement of satisfaction to yield actionable responses could positively influence outcomes, and a framework, via patient-centered care principles, is provided.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Family; Humans; Patient Dropouts; Pediatric Obesity; Personal Satisfaction
PubMed: 23414547
DOI: 10.1111/jhq.12003 -
Nutrients Sep 2021This Special Issue concerns the theme of how parents may influence child and adolescent weight-related and obesity developments [...].
This Special Issue concerns the theme of how parents may influence child and adolescent weight-related and obesity developments [...].
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Parents; Pediatric Obesity; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 34579062
DOI: 10.3390/nu13093185