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Ugeskrift For Laeger Sep 2022
Topics: Carcinoma, Verrucous; Groin; Humans; Pelvis
PubMed: 36178182
DOI: No ID Found -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Apr 2023Abdominal wall and spinal soft tissue findings are frequently encountered on CT or MR imaging of the abdomen and pelvis. Many of these entities have specific imaging... (Review)
Review
Abdominal wall and spinal soft tissue findings are frequently encountered on CT or MR imaging of the abdomen and pelvis. Many of these entities have specific imaging findings, for which a definitive diagnosis can be made without the need for further work up. These abdominal wall and spinal findings may be diagnostically challenging for sub-specialized abdominal radiologists who are unfamiliar with their appearance and appropriate management. This review article describes and illustrates pathognomonic or characteristic abdominal wall and spinal pathologies, which reside outside the abdominopelvic cavity. The cases selected all have findings that allow a confident diagnosis without further imaging or intervention. The cases presented include myonecrosis, intramuscular abscess, myositis, iliopsoas bursitis, Morel-Lavallée lesion, hydrocele of canal of Nuck, Klippel Trenaunay Weber syndrome, neurofibroma with target sign, perineural cysts, filum terminale lipoma, calvarial bone flap, transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap, liposuction, and hidradenitis suppurativa, among others. Although not all-encompassing, this paper will help abdominal radiologists to accurately diagnose a variety of abdominal and pelvic extra-cavitary soft tissue pathologies by identifying key radiologic findings.
Topics: Male; Humans; Abdominal Wall; Pelvis; Surgical Flaps; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 36790455
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-03830-3 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) May 2017No bone in the human postcranial skeleton differs more dramatically from its match in an ape skeleton than the pelvis. Humans have evolved a specialized pelvis,...
No bone in the human postcranial skeleton differs more dramatically from its match in an ape skeleton than the pelvis. Humans have evolved a specialized pelvis, well-adapted for the rigors of bipedal locomotion. Precisely how this happened has been the subject of great interest and contention in the paleoanthropological literature. In part, this is because of the fragility of the pelvis and its resulting rarity in the human fossil record. However, new discoveries from Miocene hominoids and Plio-Pleistocene hominins have reenergized debates about human pelvic evolution and shed new light on the competing roles of bipedal locomotion and obstetrics in shaping pelvic anatomy. In this issue, 13 papers address the evolution of the human pelvis. Here, we summarize these new contributions to our understanding of pelvic evolution, and share our own thoughts on the progress the field has made, and the questions that still remain. Anat Rec, 300:789-797, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Fossils; Gait; Humans; Locomotion; Pelvis
PubMed: 28406563
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23580 -
Folia Medica Cracoviensia Dec 2023Anatomical nomenclature commonly does not follow changes in the clinical language and demands. Therefore we tried to explain the pelvic relationships based on the...
Anatomical nomenclature commonly does not follow changes in the clinical language and demands. Therefore we tried to explain the pelvic relationships based on the changes that occur in the pelvis as well as to compare different nomenclatural strategies used in every day language. Courses of fasciae in the male and female pelvis are also considered.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Pelvis; Abdomen; Fascia
PubMed: 38578348
DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2023.148761 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Aug 2022Involvement of the abdomen and pelvis is common in lymphoma. Nodal and extranodal abdominal and pelvic lymphoma may present with various complications. Complications are... (Review)
Review
Involvement of the abdomen and pelvis is common in lymphoma. Nodal and extranodal abdominal and pelvic lymphoma may present with various complications. Complications are most common in high-grade lymphomas, especially diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Complications may occur as the initial manifestation of lymphoma, during treatment course, or late following complete disease remission. Most complications are associated with worse prognosis and increased mortality. Imaging is essential in evaluation of disease extent and diagnosis of complications. Therefore, radiologists should be familiar with the clinical context and imaging features of abdominal and pelvic lymphoma complications. We provide a comprehensive, organ system-based approach, and clinical and imaging review of complications of abdominal and pelvic lymphoma along with radiologic images of illustrated cases of the most commonly encountered complications.
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Neoplasms; Humans; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Pelvis; Prognosis
PubMed: 35690955
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03567-5 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Apr 2017The human pelvis is often described as an evolutionary compromise (obstetrical dilemma) between the requirements of efficient bipedal locomotion and safe parturition of... (Review)
Review
The human pelvis is often described as an evolutionary compromise (obstetrical dilemma) between the requirements of efficient bipedal locomotion and safe parturition of a highly encephalized neonate, that has led to a tight fit between the birth canal and the head and body of the foetus. Strong evolutionary constraints on the shape of the pelvis can be expected under this scenario. On the other hand, several studies have found a significant level of pelvic variation within and between human populations, a fact that seems to contradict such expectations. The advantages of a narrow pelvis for locomotion have recently been challenged, suggesting that the tight cephalo-pelvic fit might not stem from the hypothesized obstetrical dilemma. Moreover, the human pelvis appears to be under lower constraints and to have relatively higher evolvability than other closely related primates. These recent findings substantially change the way in which we interpret variation in the human pelvis, and help make sense of the high diversity in pelvic shape observed within and among modern populations. A lower magnitude of covariance between functionally important regions ensured that a wide range of morphological variation was available within populations, enabling natural selection to generate pelvic variation between populations living in different environments. Neutral processes such as genetic drift and differential migration also contributed to shaping modern pelvic diversity during and after the expansion of humans into and across the various continents. Anat Rec, 300:687-697, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Climate; Humans; Individuality; Pelvic Bones; Pelvis
PubMed: 28297180
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23542 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2022
Topics: Humans; Pelvis
PubMed: 35373953
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2022.03.04 -
European Spine Journal : Official... Sep 2011There is a wide variation in the regional parameters used to describe the spine and sacro-pelvis in children and adolescents. There is a slight tendency for thoracic... (Review)
Review
There is a wide variation in the regional parameters used to describe the spine and sacro-pelvis in children and adolescents. There is a slight tendency for thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis to increase with age. Pelvic incidence and pelvic tilt also tend to increase during growth, while sacral slope remains relatively stable. Strong knowledge of the close relationships between adjacent anatomical regions of the spine and sacro-pelvis is the key when evaluating and interpreting sagittal spino-pelvic alignment. The scheme of correlations between adjacent regional parameters needs to be preserved in order to maintain a balanced posture. The net resultant from these relationships between adjacent anatomical regions is best represented by parameters of sagittal global balance. C7 plumbline tends to move backwards from childhood to adulthood, where it stabilizes or slightly moves forward secondary to degenerative changes. C7 plumbline in front of both hip axis and center of the upper sacral endplate occurs in 29% of subjects aged 3-10 years, 12% of subjects aged between 10 and 18 years, and 14% of subjects aged 18 years or older. Therefore, although most normal subjects stand with a C7 plumbline behind the hip axis, a C7 plumbline in front of both hip axis and sacrum can be seen in normal individuals. However, progressive forward displacement of C7 plumbline should raise a suspicion for the risk of developing spinal pathology.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Pelvis; Postural Balance; Spinal Diseases; Spine
PubMed: 21811824
DOI: 10.1007/s00586-011-1925-0 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Mar 2024It seems puzzling why humans have evolved such a small and rigid birth canal that entails a relatively complex process of labor compared with the birth canal of our... (Review)
Review
It seems puzzling why humans have evolved such a small and rigid birth canal that entails a relatively complex process of labor compared with the birth canal of our closest relatives, the great apes. This study reviewed insights into the evolution of the human birth canal from recent theoretical and empirical studies and discussed connections to obstetrics, gynecology, and orthopedics. Originating from the evolution of bipedality and the large human brain million years ago, the evolution of the human birth canal has been characterized by complex trade-off dynamics among multiple biological, environmental, and sociocultural factors. The long-held notion that a wider pelvis has not evolved because it would be disadvantageous for bipedal locomotion has not yet been empirically verified. However, recent clinical and biomechanical studies suggest that a larger birth canal would compromise pelvic floor stability and increase the risk of incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Several mammals have neonates that are equally large or even larger than human neonates compared to the size of the maternal birth canal. In these species, the pubic symphysis opens widely to allow successful delivery. Biomechanical and developmental constraints imposed by bipedality have hindered this evolutionary solution in humans and led to the comparatively rigid pelvic girdle in pregnant women. Mathematical models have shown why the evolutionary compromise to these antagonistic selective factors inevitably involves a certain rate of fetopelvic disproportion. In addition, these models predict that cesarean deliveries have disrupted the evolutionary equilibrium and led to new and ongoing evolutionary changes. Different forms of assisted birth have existed since the stone age and have become an integral part of human reproduction. Paradoxically, by buffering selection, they may also have hindered the evolution of a larger birth canal. Many of the biological, environmental, and sociocultural factors that have influenced the evolution of the human birth canal vary globally and are subject to ongoing transitions. These differences may have contributed to the global variation in the form of the birth canal and the difficulty of labor, and they likely continue to change human reproductive anatomy.
Topics: Animals; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Biological Evolution; Hominidae; Pelvis; Cesarean Section; Labor, Obstetric; Pelvic Floor; Mammals
PubMed: 38462258
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.09.010 -
Folia Medica Cracoviensia 2018Autonomic nervous system of the pelvis is still poorly understood. Every year more and more pelvic procedures are carried out on patients suffering from different pelvic... (Review)
Review
Autonomic nervous system of the pelvis is still poorly understood. Every year more and more pelvic procedures are carried out on patients suffering from different pelvic disorders what leads to numerous pelvic dysfunctions. Authors tried to review, starting from historical and clinical background, the most important reports on anatomy of the pelvic autonomic plexuses. We also pay attention to complete lack of knowledge of students of medicine on the autonomic nervous structures in the area studied. We present anatomical description of the pelvic plexuses including their visceral branches and anatomy of surrounding pelvic tissues which still remains unclear. More and more attention is paid to the topography of the plexuses specially because of new pain releasing techniques - neurolysies.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Education, Medical; Humans; Pelvis; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Students, Medical
PubMed: 30467432
DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2018.124656