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International Journal of Therapeutic... May 2020Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) significantly impacts women's lives both physically and psychologically. Given the severity and impact of PPGP on pregnancy,...
BACKGROUND
Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) significantly impacts women's lives both physically and psychologically. Given the severity and impact of PPGP on pregnancy, the authors anticipated that pregnant women with PPGP might respond differently to massage than pregnant women without PPGP.
PURPOSE
The aim of the study was to further analyze a published 2017 study to assess the response of pregnancy massage in participants with and without PPGP.
SETTING
Two massage clinics, one in Sydney and one in Melbourne, recruited participants from December 2016 to December 2017.
PARTICIPANTS
Nineteen women with PPGP and 78 without PPGP.
RESEARCH DESIGN
PPGP and non-PPGP women receiving at least one massage, with outcome measures assessed immediately prior to and after massage, and again one week postmassage.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Visual analog scales for pain, stress, range of movement, sleep, and self-reported side effects of massage.
RESULTS
Both groups changed significantly and similarly over time for measures of pain, stress, range of motion, and sleep (all < .05). Post hoc analysis found significant reduction in all outcome measures immediately following massage, but returned to baseline at one week postmassage for all measures except pain, which remained reduced for the PPGP group (49.79±25.68 to 34.75±34.75, = .03, effect size 0.593), and stress remained reduced in the non-PPGP group (33.36±21.54 to 24.90±19.18, = .002, effect size 0.373). The PPGP group entered the study with higher baseline levels of pain ( = .01) and a greater restriction in range of motion ( = .006) than the non-PPGP group. There was no difference in the number of side effects experienced between the two groups ( = .130).
CONCLUSIONS
Although PPGP clients report greater pain and restriction in range of motion at baseline than non-PPGP clients, the response to pregnancy massage was similar. Results support a role of pregnancy massage in the management of PPGP. More research on massage for PPGP is needed to confirm a lasting effect of pain reduction from massage.
PubMed: 32523639
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Jul 2019Low back pain (LBP) and pelvic girdle pain (PGP) are commonly reported during pregnancy and are known to affect pregnant women's well-being. Still, these conditions are...
BACKGROUND
Low back pain (LBP) and pelvic girdle pain (PGP) are commonly reported during pregnancy and are known to affect pregnant women's well-being. Still, these conditions are often considered to be a normal part of pregnancy. This study assesses the prevalence and severity of LBP and/or PGP among pregnant Nepalese women, as well as exploring factors associated with LBP and PGP.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study with successive recruitment of pregnant women was conducted at two district hospitals in Nepal from May 2016 to May 2017. The data was collected using self-reported questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the associations between independent variables and LBP and/or PGP.
RESULTS
A total of 1284 pregnant women were included in the study. The reported prevalence of pregnancy-related LBP and/or PGP was 34%. Pain intensity was high with a mean score (standard deviation) of 6 (2). The median (25th-75th percentiles) disability scores according to the total Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire and Oswestry Disability Index were 20 (10-32) and 30 (21-38), respectively. Even though only 52% of the women believed that the pain would disappear after delivery, concern about LBP and/or PGP was reported to be low (median 2 (0-4) (Numeric Rating Scale 0-10)). In the final model for women with LBP and/or PGP the adjusted odds ratios were for body mass index (20-24, 25-30, > 30) 0.7 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44-1.21), 1.1 (95% CI, 0.66-1.83), and 1.5 (95% CI, 0.78-2.94) respectively, for pelvic organ prolapse symptoms 6.6 (95% CI, 4.93-8.95) and for women with educated husbands (primary or secondary, higher secondary or above) 1.1 (95% CI, 0.53-2.16) and 1.7 (95% CI, 0.84-3.47), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Pregnant Nepalese women commonly report LBP and/or PGP. The women experienced low disability despite severe pain intensity and poor beliefs in recovery after delivery.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Low Back Pain; Nepal; Pelvic Girdle Pain; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Self Report; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 31307421
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2398-0 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Nov 2020Pregnancy-related Pelvic Girdle Pain (PPGP) is a common complaint. The aetiology remains unclear and reports on risk factors for PPGP provide conflicting accounts. The... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pregnancy-related Pelvic Girdle Pain (PPGP) is a common complaint. The aetiology remains unclear and reports on risk factors for PPGP provide conflicting accounts. The aim of this scoping review was to map the body of literature on risk factors for experiencing PPGP.
METHODS
We searched the databases PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, MIDIRS, and ClinicalTrial.gov (3 August 2020). We selected studies with two reviewers independently. Observational studies assessing risk factors for PPGP were included. Studies examining specific diagnostic tests or interventions were excluded.
RESULTS
We identified 5090 records from databases and 1077 from ClinicalTrial.gov. Twenty-four records met the inclusion criteria. A total of 148 factors were examined of which only 14 factors were examined in more than one study. Factors that were positively associated with PPGP included a history of low back or pelvic girdle pain, being overweight/obese, already having a child, younger age, lower educational level, no pre-pregnancy exercise, physically demanding work, previous back trauma/disease, progestin-intrauterine device use, stress, depression and anxiety.
CONCLUSIONS
A large number of factors have been examined as potential risk factors for PPGP, but there is a lack of repetition to be able to draw stronger conclusions and pool studies in systematic reviews. Factors that have been examined in more than five studies include age, body mass index, parity and smoking. We suggest a systematic review be conducted to assess the role of these factors further in the development of PPGP.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Maternal Age; Parity; Pelvic Girdle Pain; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Risk Factors; Smoking
PubMed: 33246422
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03442-5 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jul 2005Exercises may help, and evidence is increasing that acupuncture reduces pain
Exercises may help, and evidence is increasing that acupuncture reduces pain
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Pelvic Pain; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 16051994
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.331.7511.249 -
Minerva Anestesiologica Jan 2020
Topics: Chronic Pain; Female; Humans; Pelvic Girdle Pain; Pelvic Pain; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 31238646
DOI: 10.23736/S0375-9393.19.13893-X -
European Spine Journal : Official... Sep 2012The present systematic review assessed the level of evidence for the association between relaxin levels and pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) during pregnancy. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The present systematic review assessed the level of evidence for the association between relaxin levels and pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) during pregnancy.
METHODS
PRISMA guidelines were followed to conduct this systematic review. Electronic search was carried out using six different databases. Observational cohorts, cross-sectional or case-control studies focused on the association between relaxin levels and PPGP during pregnancy were included. Studies selection was conducted by two reviewers who screened firstly for titles, then for abstracts and finally for full articles. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the quality of evidence by the guidelines proposed by the Cochrane back review group.
RESULTS
731 references were identified. Six articles met the inclusion criteria and were considered for this systematic review. The main reason for the studies exclusion was PPGP related to gynaecological reasons. Five studies were case-control and one study was a prospective cohort. Four studies were ranked as high while two were ranked as low quality. Among the high quality studies, three found no association between PPGP and relaxin levels.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on these findings, the level of evidence for the association between PPGP and relaxin levels was found to be low. PPGP assessment and controlling for risk factors were found to increase bias leaving uncertainty in interpretation of these findings and a need for further research.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pelvic Girdle Pain; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Relaxin
PubMed: 22310881
DOI: 10.1007/s00586-012-2162-x -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Mar 2021The ontogeny of the paired appendages has been extensively studied in lungfishes and tetrapods, but remains poorly known in coelacanths. Recent work has shed light on...
The ontogeny of the paired appendages has been extensively studied in lungfishes and tetrapods, but remains poorly known in coelacanths. Recent work has shed light on the anatomy and development of the pectoral fin in Latimeria chalumnae. Yet, information on the development of the pelvic fin and girdle is still lacking. Here, we described the development of the pelvic fin and girdle in Latimeria chalumnae based on 3D reconstructions generated from conventional and X-ray synchrotron microtomography, as well as MRI acquisitions. As in other jawed vertebrates, the development of the pelvic fin occurs later than that of the pectoral fin in Latimeria. Many elements of the endoskeleton are not yet formed at the earliest stage sampled. The four mesomeres are already formed in the fetus, but only the most proximal radial elements (preaxial radial 0-1) are formed and individualized at this stage. We suggest that all the preaxial radial elements in the pelvic and pectoral fin of Latimeria are formed through the fragmentation of the mesomeres. We document the progressive ossification of the pelvic girdle, and the presence of a trabecular system in the adult. This trabecular system likely reinforces the cartilaginous girdle to resist the muscle forces exerted during locomotion. Finally, the presence of a preaxial element in contact with the pelvic girdle from the earliest stage of development onward questions the mono-basal condition of the pelvic fin in Latimeria. However, the particular shape of the mesomeres may explain the presence of this element in contact with the girdle.
Topics: Animal Fins; Animals; Biological Evolution; Fishes; Fossils; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pelvis; Phylogeny
PubMed: 32445538
DOI: 10.1002/ar.24452 -
BMC Women's Health Sep 2020Pelvic girdle pain is a common problem during pregnancy. For most women, the symptoms cease within the first 3-6 months of giving birth, but in some women the pain...
BACKGROUND
Pelvic girdle pain is a common problem during pregnancy. For most women, the symptoms cease within the first 3-6 months of giving birth, but in some women the pain persists. In this study we investigate the sexuality and frequency of depressive symptoms in women with persistent pelvic girdle pain after childbirth and in healthy women.
METHODS
We conducted a case-control study of women with persistent pelvic girdle pain after childbirth and a control group of healthy women. The frequency of depressive symptoms and sexuality were measured using the self-rating version of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the McCoy Female Sexuality Questionnaire.
RESULTS
Forty-six women with persistent pelvic girdle pain and thirty-nine healthy women were enrolled. The frequency of depressive symptoms and the total score on female sexuality did not differ between the groups. However, pain during intercourse was more frequent (P < 0.001) in women with persistent pelvic girdle pain and caused them to avoid sexual intercourse frequently (P < 0.001). In multiple linear regression a higher frequency of depressive symptoms was reversely correlated with a lower score on female sexuality (β - 0,41, p < 0,001 95% CI -0,6 - -0,22) This association remained after adjusting for obstetric variables and individual characteristics.
CONCLUSION
Depressive symptoms and female sexuality were similar between women with persistent pelvic girdle pain after childbirth and healthy controls. However, pain during intercourse and avoidance of sexual intercourse were more frequent among women with pelvic girdle pain.
Topics: Affect; Case-Control Studies; Cesarean Section; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Low Back Pain; Pelvic Girdle Pain; Pelvic Pain; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sexuality; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32928204
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01058-7 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Jun 2021The Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ) is the only specific instrument designed to evaluate pain and activity limitations in pregnant or postpartum women with pelvic...
BACKGROUND
The Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ) is the only specific instrument designed to evaluate pain and activity limitations in pregnant or postpartum women with pelvic girdle pain (PGP). This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the PGQ for Chinese patients and to verify the validation of the psychometric items of the PGQ in the Chinese population.
METHODS
First, the translation and cultural adaptation process of the PGQ was conducted on the basis of international guidelines. Eighteen women suffering from PGP (11 pregnant women and 7 postpartum women) were enrolled in the pilot tests. Second, a total of 130 pregnant and postpartum women with PGP were enrolled to evaluate the validation of the psychometric items of the Chinese version.
RESULTS
The calculated Cronbach's alphas demonstrated a high level of internal consistency for the Chinese version of the PGQ, ranging from 0.77 to 0.93. The convergent validity showed a high positive correlation between the PGQ total score and the Oswestry Disability Index (0.84) and Numeric Rating Scale (0.73) for pain intensity. Furthermore, a good discriminatory ability was found for the Chinese version of the PGQ for distinguishing women who needed treatment from those not (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.843, p < 0.001), but not for discriminating the pregnant and postpartum states (AUC = 0.488, p = 0.824). The results of test-retest showed good reproducibility for the total PGQ (ICC = 0.93), the PGQ activity subscale (ICC = 0.92), and the PGQ symptom subscale (ICC = 0.77).
CONCLUSION
Our study presents the translation, validation and psychometric features of the Chinese version of the PGQ, showing good construct validity and discriminative power for assessing the consequences of PGP among pregnant or postpartum Chinese women.
Topics: Adult; China; Culturally Competent Care; Female; Humans; Pain Measurement; Pelvic Girdle Pain; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Translations; Young Adult
PubMed: 34193061
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03962-8 -
Homo : Internationale Zeitschrift Fur... Apr 2023Discussions of the evolution of sexual dimorphism in torso shape and the pectoral region assume that this dimorphism exists independently of body size. We test this... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Discussions of the evolution of sexual dimorphism in torso shape and the pectoral region assume that this dimorphism exists independently of body size. We test this assumption in two human populations and further examine what is needed to understand sexual dimorphism in the pectoral region. Modern human males have broad shoulders and narrow hips relative to females, lending males a more triangular torso. The wider female pelvis is commonly attributed to obstetric pressures while the broader male pectoral girdle has been argued to be an adaptation that improves hunting or intrasexual competition. While sexual dimorphism in the pelvic girdle is known to exist after adjusting for body size across human populations, most studies of sexual dimorphism in the pectoral girdle have not adjusted the data to account for sexual size dimorphism or compared different ancestral groups. The aforementioned hypotheses explaining sexual dimorphism in the clavicle and scapula as products of natural selection are predicated on the untested assumption that sex differences do not scale with body size. This study tests this assumption by comparing various measurements of the pectoral girdle, the pelvic girdle, and six pectoral-pelvic indices of black and white South Africans of known sex and height to test whether the sexes and ancestral groups will differ in these values after adjusting for differences in body size. Comparisons of ancestral groups reveal that white South Africans have larger pectoral and pelvic dimensions than black South Africans, but that blacks have larger index values than whites. Regardless of differences in ancestry and body size, males have significantly broader pectoral regions as indicated by comparisons of both individual pectoral measurements and pectoral-pelvic indices. This pattern of sexual dimorphism is reversed in the pelvic region where females have larger skeletal elements. In addition to finding both absolute and relative differences in mean values for the pectoral and pelvic skeleton, females and males and blacks and whites differ in the scaling relationship of these traits, suggesting different allometric trajectories for these bones that may be explained by their distinct evolutionary functions, their adaptations to specific environments, or by changes in lengths due to age. These results suggest that sexual dimorphism in the pectoral region is not a product of scaling and that differences in this region reflect adaptive forces acting in unique ways on each sex, consistent with the assumptions of earlier evolutionary explanations.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Black People; Sex Characteristics; Pelvic Bones; White People; South Africa; Bones of Upper Extremity; Race Factors; Sex Factors; Body Height; Biological Evolution
PubMed: 36628541
DOI: 10.1127/homo/2023/1486