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European Journal of Sport Science Jul 2023In a running single-leg jump (RSLJ) for distance, the generation of vertical velocity without loss of horizontal velocity during the take-off phase is ideal, but...
In a running single-leg jump (RSLJ) for distance, the generation of vertical velocity without loss of horizontal velocity during the take-off phase is ideal, but difficult; however, we hypothesized that the pelvic rotation in the frontal plane achieved it. Here we show the effect of each segment rotation on the horizontal and vertical kinetic energies ( and ) of the centre of mass (CoM) during the take-off phase of an RSLJ for distance. We collected kinematic and ground-reaction-force data during RSLJs for distance by nine male long jumpers, involving an approximately 20-m approach in an outdoor field. We determined the components of the and changes due to each segment movement. Elevation of the pelvic free-leg side increased (0.53±0.16 J/kg, 9±3% of the total change). Pelvic axial rotation decreased , while pelvic elevation did not affect it (0.01±0.02 J/kg, no significant difference from zero). In contrast, forward rotations of the stance-leg shank and thigh decreased while simultaneously increasing . The results showed that pelvic elevation increased the vertical CoM velocity without causing a loss in horizontal velocity, although the lower-limb segments' effects on the vertical and horizontal velocities exhibited a trade-off, as previously speculated. RSLJs for distance have been frequently assumed as sagittal movements. However, our findings highlight the importance of three-dimensional pelvic movement, particularly in the frontal plane, for controlling both the vertical and horizontal velocities.l We show the effect of each segment rotation on the horizontal and vertical kinetic energies ( and ) of the centre of mass during the take-off phase of a running single-leg jump for distance.l Elevation of the pelvic free-leg side increased but did not decrease , while the forward rotations of the stance-leg thigh and shank decreased , while simultaneously increasing .l We highlight the importance of pelvic movement in the frontal plane for controlling both the vertical and horizontal velocities with single-leg stance.
Topics: Male; Humans; Leg; Lower Extremity; Running; Movement; Pelvis; Biomechanical Phenomena
PubMed: 35465845
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2070779 -
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine Apr 2018Accessory spleen (AS) usually presents as an isolated asymptomatic mass of splenic tissue separated from the body of the actual spleen. Multiple pelvic ASs are more...
Accessory spleen (AS) usually presents as an isolated asymptomatic mass of splenic tissue separated from the body of the actual spleen. Multiple pelvic ASs are more unusual than single pelvic AS. The present study reported on the rare case of multiple pelvic AS. A 39-year-old Chinese woman presented at our hospital with complaints of abdominal pain for one week. A large pelvic mass behind the uterus was identified on ultrasound examination. Multiple AS in the pelvis was primarily considered during the operation and confirmed by histopathological examination after the surgery. The literature in English language was also reviewed by retrieving studies on AS published over the past 30 years, and it was discussed how to diagnose and treat pelvic AS. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the present study provided the first case report of multiple pelvic AS. The gynecologist should be aware of the rare possibility of an AS in patients with abdominal and pelvic complaints and/or a pelvic mass. Pelvic AS is generally determined during radiological investigations or during open or laparoscopic surgeries.
PubMed: 29581749
DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5903 -
Asian Journal of Andrology 2020Our aim is to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and preoperative total testosterone (TT) levels with the risk of single and multiple metastatic...
Our aim is to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and preoperative total testosterone (TT) levels with the risk of single and multiple metastatic lymph node invasion (LNI) in prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection. Preoperative BMI, basal levels of TT, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were evaluated in 361 consecutive patients undergoing radical prostatectomy with extended pelvic lymph node dissection between 2014 and 2017. Patients were grouped into either nonmetastatic, one, or more than one metastatic lymph node invasion groups. The association among clinical factors and LNI was evaluated. LNI was detected in 52 (14.4%) patients: 28 (7.8%) cases had one metastatic node and 24 (6.6%) had more than one metastatic node. In the overall study population, BMI correlated inversely with TT (r = -0.256; P < 0.0001). In patients without metastases, BMI inversely correlated with TT (r = -0.282; P < 0.0001). In patients with metastasis, this correlation was lost. In the overall study population, BMI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.268; P = 0.005) was the only independent clinical factor associated with the risk of multiple metastatic LNI compared to cases with one metastatic node. In the nonmetastatic group, TT was lower in patients with BMI >28 kg m (P < 0.0001). In patients with any LNI, this association was lost (P = 0.232). The median number of positive nodes was higher in patients with BMI >28 kg m (P = 0.048). In our study, overweight and obese patients had a higher risk of harboring multiple prostate cancer lymph node metastases and lower TT levels when compared to patients with normal BMI.
Topics: Aged; Body Mass Index; Humans; Logistic Models; Lymph Node Excision; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Obesity; Odds Ratio; Pelvis; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Testosterone
PubMed: 31347517
DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_70_19 -
Ginekologia Polska 2023The aim of this study is to examine the effects of delivery type and birth weight on pelvic floor structure using muscle defects, uterus-vagina angles and landmarks in...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of delivery type and birth weight on pelvic floor structure using muscle defects, uterus-vagina angles and landmarks in pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This is a retrospective study. Pelvic MR images of 38 vaginal deliveries and 62 cesarean section patients who met the study criteria were analyzed. Pubococcygeal line, H line, M line were marked on MR images, uterus cervix, cervix upper vagina, upper and middle vagina, middle and lower vagina angles, urogenital hiatus width, levator hiatus width, obturator internus muscle area, levator ani defect was measured. The urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse examination findings were recorded. The patients' age, body mass index (BMI), parity, delivery type, maximum birth weight questions were asked. The data of both groups were compared.
RESULTS
Uterocervical angle and levator ani muscle defect was significantly higher in the vaginal delivery group (p < 0.001). In the vaginal delivery group, a significant positive correlation was found between the parity and the levator ani muscle defect (r = 0.552), (p = 0.000). A significant negative correlation was found between the parity and the uterocervical angle (r = -0.337), (p = 0.039). A significant negative correlation was found between maximum birth weight and cervix upper vagina angle (r = -0.365) (p = 0.024). In the vaginal delivery group, a negative significant correlation was found between birth weight and obturator internus muscle area (r = -0.378), (p = 0.019).
CONCLUSIONS
These results show that cesarean section exposes the pelvic floor to less trauma and suggest that cesarean section may protect the pelvic floor.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Cesarean Section; Retrospective Studies; Pelvic Floor; Birth Weight; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 36477780
DOI: 10.5603/GP.a2022.0140 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Joint quasi-stiffness has been often used to inform exoskeleton design. Further understanding of hip quasi-stiffness is needed to design hip exoskeletons. Of interest...
Joint quasi-stiffness has been often used to inform exoskeleton design. Further understanding of hip quasi-stiffness is needed to design hip exoskeletons. Of interest are wearer responses to walking speed changes with added mass of the exoskeleton. This study analyzed hip quasi-stiffness at 3 walking speed levels and 9 added mass distributions among 13 young and 16 middle-aged adults during mid-stance hip extension and late-stance hip flexion. Compared to young adults, middle-aged adults maintained a higher quasi-stiffness with a smaller range. For a faster walking speed, both age groups increased extension and flexion quasi-stiffness. With mass evenly distributed on the pelvis and thighs or biased to the pelvis, both groups maintained or increased extension quasi-stiffness. With mass biased to the thighs, middle-aged adults maintained or decreased extension quasi-stiffness while young adults increased it. Young adults decreased flexion quasi-stiffness with added mass but not in any generalizable pattern with mass amounts or distributions. Conversely, middle-aged adults maintained or decreased flexion quasi-stiffness with even distribution on the pelvis and thighs or biased to the pelvis, while no change occurred if biased to the thighs. In conclusion, these results can guide the design of a hip exoskeleton's size and mass distribution according to the intended user's age.
Topics: Young Adult; Middle Aged; Humans; Walking; Walking Speed; Hip Joint; Pelvis; Exoskeleton Device; Biomechanical Phenomena; Gait
PubMed: 37177721
DOI: 10.3390/s23094517 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Aug 2022To evaluate pelvic floor muscle strength using surface electromyography and risk factors for pelvic floor muscle strength in the early postpartum period.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate pelvic floor muscle strength using surface electromyography and risk factors for pelvic floor muscle strength in the early postpartum period.
METHODS
This retrospective study included 21,302 participants who visited Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital from September 2019 to February 2022. All participants were assessed by medical professionals for general information and surface electromyography.
RESULTS
Univariate analysis indicated that age was inversely related to tonic and endurance contractions. In contrast, all the other variables, including education level, body mass index, neonatal weight, and number of fetuses, had a positive impact on rapid, tonic, and endurance contractions. Likewise, parity was also positively associated with rapid contractions. In addition, compared with vaginal delivery, cesarean section delivery had a protective effect on the amplitude of the three types of contractions. Stepwise regression analysis showed that both age and neonatal weight had a negative linear relationship with the amplitude of rapid, tonic and endurance contractions. In contrast, the amplitude of rapid, tonic and endurance contractions significantly increased as body mass index, parity (≤ 3), education level and gestational weight gain (endurance contractions only) increased. Participants with cesarean section delivery showed positive effects on rapid, tonic, and endurance contractions compared to participants with vaginal delivery.
CONCLUSIONS
We found that age, neonatal weight, vaginal delivery, episiotomy, and forceps delivery were risk factors for pelvic floor muscle strength; in contrast, body mass index, parity (≤ 3) and gestational weight gain had a positive relationship with pelvic floor muscle strength.
Topics: Cesarean Section; Child; China; Female; Gestational Weight Gain; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Strength; Pelvic Floor; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35933360
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04952-0 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery (Hong... 2023The interaction between knee osteoarthritis and spinal deformity and knee flexion (KF) remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the relationship between KF in the standing...
The interaction between knee osteoarthritis and spinal deformity and knee flexion (KF) remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the relationship between KF in the standing position and the severity of spinal deformity and knee osteoarthritis. We analyzed older volunteers aged over years who participated in the musculoskeletal screening program. The participant's characteristics and standing radiographic parameters were assessed. After a preliminary analysis, a propensity score-matched model was established with adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Cases were divided into KF (knee angle [KA] ≥10°) and non-KF (KA <10°) groups. In a preliminary analysis of 252 cases (42 KF and 210 non-KF), there were significant differences in age and BMI between the KF and non-KF groups (all < 0.05). Using a one-to-one propensity score-matched analysis, 38 pairs of cases were selected. There were significantly higher values of C7 sagittal vertical axis, T1 pelvic angle, pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis, KA, ankle angle, and pelvic shift in the KF group than in the non-KF group (all < 0.05). In the KF group, 71.1% of the cases had severe spinal deformity (defined as marked deformity by the SRS-Schwab classification), and 31.6% had severe knee osteoarthritis (defined as a Kellgren Lawrence grade ≥3). Of the 31.6%, 7.9% were attributable to knee osteoarthritis alone, and 23.7% to both knee osteoarthritis and spinal deformity. This study clarified that compensatory changes due to spinopelvic malalignment, not due to knee osteoarthritis alone, mainly affected KF in the standing position.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Standing Position; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Radiography; Lordosis; Pelvis
PubMed: 37039267
DOI: 10.1177/10225536231169575 -
Urologia Internationalis 2013A systematic review of the published data on the prevalence, incidence and risk factors of female urinary incontinence (UI) and obstetric treatment of UI in Europe. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
A systematic review of the published data on the prevalence, incidence and risk factors of female urinary incontinence (UI) and obstetric treatment of UI in Europe.
DATA SOURCES
Epidemiologic studies were sought via PubMed to identify articles published in English, French, Spanish, German and Italian between 2000 and September 30, 2010, in Europe.
RESULTS
The prevalence of UI ranged from 14.1 to 68.8% and increased with increasing age. Significant risk factors for UI in pregnancy were maternal age ≥35 years and initial body mass index, a family history of UI and parity. UI in women who delivered 'at term' ranged from 26 to 40.2%, with a remission rate of 3 months after childbirth of up to 86.4%. Pelvic floor muscle training may help to prevent postpartum UI in primiparous women without UI during pregnancy.
CONCLUSION
UI definition, outcome measures, survey methods and validation criteria are still heterogeneous, and thus it is difficult to compare data and impossible to draw definite conclusions.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Europe; Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Incidence; Maternal Age; Odds Ratio; Parity; Parturition; Pelvic Floor; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Urinary Incontinence
PubMed: 22868349
DOI: 10.1159/000339929 -
Obstetrics and Gynecology Oct 2020To assess whether resting genital hiatus, perineal body, and total vaginal length measured intraoperatively at the conclusion of surgery are associated with prolapse...
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether resting genital hiatus, perineal body, and total vaginal length measured intraoperatively at the conclusion of surgery are associated with prolapse recurrence 2 years after native tissue pelvic organ prolapse reconstruction.
METHODS
This ancillary analysis of the OPTIMAL (Operations and Pelvic Muscle Training in the Management of Apical Support Loss) trial included women who had an immediate postoperative pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) examination and 2-year follow-up. Primary outcome was bothersome bulge symptoms. Secondary outcomes were anatomic failure, surgical failure (either anatomic failure or bothersome bulge symptoms), and sexual function. Descriptive statistics assessed relationships between postprocedure POP-Q measures and these four outcomes. Multivariable models were fit to the data to control for baseline differences in bivariate comparisons. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to identify an optimal genital hiatus cut point associated with bothersome bulge, and this threshold was explored.
RESULTS
This analysis included 368 participants. Bivariate analyses identified age, body mass index, vaginal deliveries, baseline genital hiatus, perineal body, and advanced POP-Q stage (3 or higher vs 2) as clinically relevant variables to include in multivariable models. After adjusting for these variables, the association between immediate postoperative genital hiatus and bothersome bulge (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.4; 95% CI 0.9-2.1) was not significant at the P<.05 level; however, immediate postoperative genital hiatus was associated with anatomic (aOR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.3) and surgical failure (aOR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0-2.1). Immediate postoperative genital hiatus of 3.5 cm was the selected cutoff (area under the curve 0.58, 95% CI 0.50-0.66 from the bothersome bulge model). Women with genital hiatus 3.5 cm or greater were more likely to have anatomic and surgical failures at 2 years. No POP-Q measures were correlated with 2-year sexual function.
CONCLUSION
A larger immediate postoperative genital hiatus measurement of 3.5 cm or greater is not associated with bothersome bulge symptoms or sexual dysfunction but is associated with anatomic and surgical failures 2 years after native tissue vaginal reconstructive surgery.
Topics: Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Middle Aged; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; Pelvic Floor; Pelvic Organ Prolapse; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Recurrence; Risk Adjustment; Severity of Illness Index; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Symptom Assessment
PubMed: 32925609
DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004043 -
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... Jun 2021Pelvic floor muscle contractility (PFMC) may contribute to anal continence. The aim of this study was to assess the association between clinical and sonographic measures... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
Pelvic floor muscle contractility (PFMC) may contribute to anal continence. The aim of this study was to assess the association between clinical and sonographic measures of PFMC and anal incontinence (AI) symptoms, after controlling for anal sphincter and levator ani muscle (LAM) trauma.
METHODS
This was a retrospective study of 1383 women assessed at a tertiary center between 2013 and 2016. All patients underwent an interview, including the St Mark's incontinence score (SMIS) in those who reported AI symptoms, a clinical examination, including assessment of PFMC using the modified Oxford scale (MOS), and four-dimensional translabial ultrasound (TLUS). Sonographic measures of PFMC, i.e. cranioventral shift of the bladder neck (BN) and reduction of anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the levator hiatus, were measured offline using ultrasound volumes obtained at rest and on maximum pelvic floor contraction. The reviewer was blinded to all clinical data.
RESULTS
Of the 1383 patients assessed during the study period, seven were excluded due to missing imaging data, leaving 1376 for analysis. Mean age of the participating women was 55 years and mean body mass index was 29 kg/m . AI was reported by 221 (16.1%) women, with a mean SMIS of 11.8. Mean MOS grade was 2.3. On TLUS, mean BN cranioventral shift was 5.9 mm and mean AP diameter reduction was 8.1 mm. LAM avulsion and significant external anal sphincter (EAS) defect were diagnosed in 24.8% and 8.7% patients, respectively. On univariate analysis, sonographic measures of PFMC were not associated with AI. Lower MOS grade was associated with symptoms of AI; however, statistical significance was lost on multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSION
Clinical and sonographic measures of PFMC were not significantly associated with AI symptoms after controlling for EAS and LAM trauma. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Topics: Fecal Incontinence; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction; Pelvic Floor; Retrospective Studies; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32959435
DOI: 10.1002/uog.23128