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International Braz J Urol : Official... 2012To investigate the use of ClinProt technique to identify cancer markers in plasma of patients suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP).
PURPOSE
To investigate the use of ClinProt technique to identify cancer markers in plasma of patients suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plasma of 36 healthy subjects and 25 patients with penile carcinoma who underwent surgical treatment between June 2010 and June 2011 was collected and analyzed by the ClinProt/MALDI/ToF technique. Then the peptides were identified from the C8 MB eluted fraction of patients' and control subjects' plasma by LIFT MS/MS.
RESULTS
A cluster of 2 peptides (A=m/z 1897.22 ± 9 Da and B=m/z 2021.99 ± 9 Da) was able to discriminate patients from control subjects. Cross validation analysis using the whole casuistic showed 62.5 % and 86.76 % sensitivity and specificity, respectively. The cluster also showed very high sensitivity (100 %) and specificity (97%) for SCCP patients that died due to the disease. Furthermore, patients with lymph node involvement presented sensitivity and specificity of 80 % and 97 %, respectively. These two peptides were identified by the proteomic approach based on a MALDI-TOF/TOF as fragments of C3 (m/z 1896.17) and C4a/b (m/z 2021.26) complement proteins.
CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that as the disease progresses, the fragments C3 and C4 A/B are less expressed in comparison with healthy subjects. These results may be useful as prognostic tools.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Complement C3; Complement C4a; Complement C4b; Down-Regulation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Penile Neoplasms; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Analysis, Protein; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 23302412
DOI: 10.1590/1677-553820133806739 -
BJU International Oct 2021To present the long-term adjuvant radiotherapy outcomes of patients with pN3 squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCp) treated at two UK centres.
OBJECTIVE
To present the long-term adjuvant radiotherapy outcomes of patients with pN3 squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCp) treated at two UK centres.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective audit of all pN3 SCCp patients, deemed suitable for adjuvant therapy by a specialist multidisciplinary team at St George's and Leeds Hospitals, who received adjuvant radiotherapy. Primary outcomes were recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes were time to adjuvant treatment, frequency of in-field recurrence, site and side of recurrence, and dose and schedule of radiotherapy.
RESULTS
A total of 146 patients were included: 121 completed radiotherapy, 4 did not complete radiotherapy and 21 did not start it. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 59 (54-70)years. The 5-year RFS was 51%, CSS was 51% and OS was 44%. Adjuvant radiotherapy was started at a median (IQR) of 75 (48-106) days. A dose of 45 Gy in 20 fractions was most commonly used. Of the 125 patients who started adjuvant treatment, 55 relapsed. Of these relapses, 30 occurred in an inguinal or pelvic nodal station and 26 of the 30 were in a radiation field. Relapses in 18 of the 55 cases were in visceral sites only and seven were in both nodal (non-irradiated sites) and visceral sites. Doses of <50 Gy were used more commonly before 2013 and higher doses (>50 Gy) were more commonly used after 2013.
CONCLUSIONS
Application of a standard radiotherapy protocol within a centralized supra-network setting has achieved survival outcomes that would appear better than those previously documented for either radiotherapy or chemotherapy in a cohort with solely pN3 disease. The addition of adjuvant chemotherapy may improve these outcomes further. These data suggest that adjuvant radiotherapy has a role to play in the management of men with pN3 SCCp.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Penile Neoplasms; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors
PubMed: 33249744
DOI: 10.1111/bju.15309 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Apr 2017Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been a proven and effective immunotherapy treatment for superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder,...
Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been a proven and effective immunotherapy treatment for superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder, especially for high-grade tumors and carcinoma in situ. Nevertheless, significant side effects are associated with BCG instillations, including fever, myalgia, malaise, dysuria, hematuria, and irritable lower urinary tract symptoms. We herein report the case of a patient who developed Reiter's syndrome following intravesical BCG instillations. A 39-year-old Chinese man presented with a 3-week history of dysuria, suprapubic pain, and pain at the tip of the penis postmicturition. Initial investigations revealed that he had microhematuria, and an ultrasound with computed tomography scan of the abdomen showed a bladder mass. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed and the patient received a single dose of intravesical mitomycin postoperatively. Results of histopathological examination revealed high-grade bladder TCC (G3pT1), and the patient was managed with intravesical BCG for 2 weeks following the surgery. Four weekly cycles of BCG were administered uneventfully; however, before the fifth instillation, the patient complained of urethral discharge, bilateral conjunctivitis, and low back pain. Reiter's syndrome was diagnosed as a rare but known complication of BCG instillation and the BCG immunotherapy was withheld. The patient was treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (for back pain) and eye ointment (for conjunctivitis) and his condition improved. This case report of Reiter's syndrome should be highlighted as a rare but significant complication of BCG immunotherapy and urologists should have a high index of suspicion to diagnose this rare complication.
Topics: Administration, Intravesical; Adult; Arthritis, Reactive; BCG Vaccine; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Conservative Treatment; Cystoscopy; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Rare Diseases; Risk Assessment; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 25183290
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2014.01.016 -
Pathology Aug 2023Penile squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC) is a rare malignancy with a slowly increasing incidence and variable prognosis. Regional lymph node involvement signifies poor...
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC) is a rare malignancy with a slowly increasing incidence and variable prognosis. Regional lymph node involvement signifies poor prognosis but represents a late sign, and more prognostic markers for effective patient risk stratification are urgently needed. In this retrospective study, 152 tumour samples with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were analysed for traditional pathological variables, tumour budding, p53, p16, and mismatch repair proteins (MMR) immunohistochemistry. The density of tumour lymphocytic infiltrate was also determined, using subjective evaluation by two pathologists (brisk/non-brisk/absent) and also using the immunoscore method, which categorised the cohort into five immunoscore groups according to the number of CD3+ and CD8+ T-cells in both the tumour centre and tumour invasion front. Only one case (0.6%) was MMR-deficient. Tumour budding count ≥5 tumour buds/20× power field and non-brisk/absent lymphocytic infiltrate were significant negative predictors of both the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS), whereas a low immunoscore was a significant marker of shorter OS but not CSS. Advanced pT stage (3+4) was a significant marker of shorter CSS but not OS. In the multivariate analysis, high-grade budding was a significant parameter if adjusted for the patient's age and associated variables, except for the pN stage. The lymphocytic infiltrate retained its prognostic significance if adjusted for age and associated variables. The negative prognostic significance of the previously described parameters (lymphatic, venous, and perineural invasion, regional lymph node metastasis, and p53 mutated profile) were confirmed in our study. Grade, histological subtype, and HPV status (as determined by p16 immunohistochemistry) showed, surprisingly, little or no prognostic significance.
Topics: Male; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Prognosis; Penile Neoplasms; Inflammation
PubMed: 37316384
DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.03.010 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2022Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (PSC) is a rare disease with limited information on the molecular events leading to malignant transformation. In a third of PSC...
Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (PSC) is a rare disease with limited information on the molecular events leading to malignant transformation. In a third of PSC cases, presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) is found. The APOBEC3 family of proteins is known to play a significant role in defense against HPV infection, but their role in PSC is largely unknown. In this study, we aim to assess mRNA expression levels of APOBEC3 family members in HPV+ and HPV- PSC to get insight into their association with clinicopathological features and to evaluate their prognostic impact. Expression levels of six APOBEC3 family members in tissue from 50 patients with PSC were determined by RT-PCR and correlated with clinical and histopathological features. Lower expression of APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, and APOBEC3C was observed in advanced PSC stages. Except for APOBEC3D, HPV+ samples showed higher expression of APOBEC3s compared to HPV- samples. In univariate analyses, APOBEC3A and APOBEC3C expression tended to be associated with disease-free survival and APOBEC3A expression with overall survival; however, multivariable analyses failed to confirm these associations with outcome. More extensive external validation and functional laboratory studies are needed to evaluate further their role in PSC development and progression.
Topics: APOBEC Deaminases; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cytidine Deaminase; Humans; Male; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Penis; Prognosis
PubMed: 35902635
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17056-8 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Nov 2017The eighth edition of the staging manual of the American Joint Committee on Cancer incorporates important changes in the classification of skin cancers. Coming 40 years... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The eighth edition of the staging manual of the American Joint Committee on Cancer incorporates important changes in the classification of skin cancers. Coming 40 years after the first edition, the latest manual preserves its specific system for Merkel cell carcinoma and takes into account recent publications on the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma by defining a completely new T category for this neoplasm. Staging for squamous cell carcinoma considers head and neck tumors (excluding the eyelid) and does not offer solutions for other sites except the vulva, penis, and perianal region. Regarding melanoma, use of the mitotic index has been eliminated and the prognosis of the primary tumor is based on Breslow thickness and ulceration. In addition, thickness is now recorded to an accuracy of 0.1mm, and the T0 concept has been introduced to define those metastatic melanomas in which the primary tumor has regressed completely. In this new edition, changes have also been made to the N category of all the skin cancer staging systems, and M1d has been added to the M category for melanoma to refer to metastatic involvement of the central nervous system, which, up to now, had been included in the M1c category. This new system will need to be validated with patient series to determine if it adequately satisfies the objective of tumor risk stratification.
Topics: Carcinoma, Merkel Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Melanoma; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Skin Neoplasms; Societies, Medical
PubMed: 28732551
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2017.05.012 -
Cancer Biomarkers : Section a of... 2023Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the target of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies in a growing number of tumor types, but a unanimous picture on PD-L1 expression...
BACKGROUND
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the target of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies in a growing number of tumor types, but a unanimous picture on PD-L1 expression across cancer types is lacking.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We analyzed immunohistochemical PD-L1 expression in 11,838 samples from 118 human tumor types and its relationship with tumor infiltrating CD8 positive lymphocytes.
RESULTS
At a cut-off level of 10% positive tumor cells, PD-L1 positivity was seen in 85 of 118 (72%) tumor types, including thymoma (100% positive), Hodgkin's lymphoma (93%), anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (76%), Kaposi sarcoma (71%), sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma (71%), and squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (67%), cervix (65%), floor of the mouth (61%), the lung (53%), and pharynx (50%). In immune cells, PD-L1 positivity was detectable in 103 (87%) tumor types, including tumors of haematopoetic and lymphoid tissues (75% to 100%), Warthin tumors of the parotid glands (95%) and Merkel cell carcinoma (82%). PD-L1 positivity in tumor cells was significantly correlated with the number of intratumoral CD8 positive lymphocytes across all tumor types as well as in individual tumor types, including serous carcinoma of the ovary, invasive breast carcinoma of no special type, intestinal gastric adenocarcinoma, and liposarcoma (p< 0.0001 each).
CONCLUSIONS
PD-L1 expression in tumor and inflammatory cells is found in a wide range of human tumor types. Higher rates of tumor infiltrating CD8 positive lymphocytes in PD-L1 positive than in PD-L1 negative cancers suggest that the antitumor immune response may trigger tumoral PD-L1 expression.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; B7-H1 Antigen; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 36683495
DOI: 10.3233/CBM-220030 -
Monaldi Archives For Chest Disease =... Oct 2020A case of left sided malignant pleural effusion is described in a 41-year-old male, his initial workup for primary site of malignancy was unknown but later found to have... (Review)
Review
A case of left sided malignant pleural effusion is described in a 41-year-old male, his initial workup for primary site of malignancy was unknown but later found to have hidden squamous cell carcinoma of penis which is one of the rarest site of malignancy that metastasise to pleura. Penile carcinoma manifesting with pleural metastasis and pleural effusion as initial presentation has not been reported previously.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Combined Modality Therapy; Dyspnea; Fever; Hemoptysis; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Penis; Pleural Effusion, Malignant; Radiography, Thoracic; Thoracentesis; Thoracoscopy; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33003693
DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2020.1384 -
The Journal of Urology Jan 2015We determined the likelihood that transurethral resection biopsy of the prostatic urethra adjacent to the verumontanum would detect prostatic involvement of urothelial... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
We determined the likelihood that transurethral resection biopsy of the prostatic urethra adjacent to the verumontanum would detect prostatic involvement of urothelial carcinoma in patients with bladder carcinoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We compared precystectomy transurethral resection biopsy specimens of the prostatic urethra with those of the matched radical cystoprostatectomy in 272 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. All prostates were evaluated by whole mount step sections.
RESULTS
Prostatic involvement by urothelial carcinoma was detected by transurethral resection biopsy or radical cystoprostatectomy in 101 patients (37.1%). Transurethral resection biopsy detected urothelial carcinoma in 72 cases with 71.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The overall accuracy of transurethral resection biopsy to detect urothelial carcinoma of the prostate was 89% (positive and negative predictive values 100% and 86%, respectively). Invasive prostatic urothelial carcinoma arising from the prostatic urethra was detected by transurethral resection biopsy in 21 of 26 patients (81%) while prostatic carcinoma in situ was detected in 39 of 52 (75%). Transurethral resection biopsy detected prostatic invasive urothelial carcinoma resulting from transmural invasion of a bladder tumor in 4 of 15 patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Prostatic involvement by urothelial carcinoma of the bladder was found in 37.1% of patients. Transurethral resection biopsy missed most tumors resulting from transmural invasion of the bladder primary lesion. Carcinoma in situ and invasive urothelial carcinoma arising from the prostatic urethra were detected in most cases. Transurethral resection biopsy of the prostatic urethra can complement staging and support clinical decision making with respect to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and planning for an orthotopic neobladder.
Topics: Biopsy; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cystectomy; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Preoperative Care; Prostate; Urethra; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 25106902
DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.07.114 -
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) Aug 2006
Review
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous; Humans; Male; Penile Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 16924331
DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322006000400016