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Journal of Clinical Research in... Jun 2021Most cases of malignancies appear to be sporadic, but some syndromes are associated with malignancies with germline variants. Herein, a child with an unusual association... (Review)
Review
Most cases of malignancies appear to be sporadic, but some syndromes are associated with malignancies with germline variants. Herein, a child with an unusual association of oncocytic variant adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) was presented. An 18-month-old-boy was admitted with virilization of the genital area, penis enlargement and erection, which had begun six months earlier. Serum total testosterone (457 ng/dL; NR <10), androstenedione (3.35 ng/mL; NR <0.5) and dehydroepiandrosterone-SO (206 mcg/dL; NR<35) were above the normal ranges. Right adrenal mass was detected. After adrenalectomy, histopathological examination revealed an oncocytic variant ACC. Three-month after surgery, he then presented with 6x8 cm sized swelling of the left leg. Histopathological examination revealed embryonal RMS. Testing for tumor protein (TP53) variant by DNA sequence analysis was positive; however; fluorescence hybridization analysis was negative. After chemotherapy and local radiotherapy, the patient is in good condition without tumor recurrence. Only about one-third of these tumors have a variant of TP53. This status also applies to other genetic variants related to cancer. However, a significant association of malignancies strongly suggests a problem in tumor suppressor genes or new variants. Another as yet unidentified suppressor gene may also be present and effective in this locus. The occurrence of ACC as a part of a syndrome and positive family history of malignancies in patients are clinically important. These patients and their families should be scanned for genetic abnormalities. The patient with ACC should be followed-up carefully for other tumors to detect malignancy early.
Topics: Adenoma, Oxyphilic; Adrenocortical Carcinoma; Humans; Infant; Male; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Puberty, Precocious; Rhabdomyosarcoma
PubMed: 32539319
DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2020.2020.0060 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... 2023Primary penile lymphomas are extremely rare. They are aggressive neoplasms that can present as double-or triple-hit lymphomas, and because the associate with a high risk... (Review)
Review
Primary penile lymphomas are extremely rare. They are aggressive neoplasms that can present as double-or triple-hit lymphomas, and because the associate with a high risk of central nervous system dissemination, treatment consists of high-dose chemotherapy regimens plus intrathecal prophylaxis. Pathology can be confused with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, leading to inappropriate treatments and unnecessary amputations. We report the case of a patient diagnosed with clinical Stage IV penile non-Hodgkin lymphoma that was treated with a complete and durable response. In addition, we review the available literature on penile lymphoma.
Topics: Male; Humans; Rituximab; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Penis
PubMed: 37470619
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_593_21 -
Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2019Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis has been subject to only a few studies in populations where late childhood circumcision is performed. To asses...
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis has been subject to only a few studies in populations where late childhood circumcision is performed. To asses clinicopathological features and human papillomavirus (HPV) status of penile SCC in men with late circumcision, eight institutions in the country volunteered to collaborate and 15 cases of penile SCC were collected from their pathology archives. The presence and genotype of HPV were determined in addition to clinicopathological features of the tumors. Findings were correlated with disease outcome. The mean age of the patients evaluated was 66.5 years. Histological subtypes were usual SCC (6∕15), papillary (2∕15), mixed (2∕15), basaloid (2∕15), acantholytic (1∕15), pseudohyperplastic (1∕15), and warty-basaloid (1∕15) carcinomas. HPV was identified in 33.3% of samples; HPV16 was detected in 60% of positive cases and was associated with basaloid and/or warty morphology. Cause-specific 1-year and 2-year survivals were 76.9% and 54.5%, respectively. The usual subtype and nodal metastasis were associated with worse outcome (p=0.045 and p=0.047, respectively). As a conclusion, our results suggest an inclination for penile SCC to develop at a later age in a population with late circumcision than the patients from the regions of high penile cancer incidence. These men seem to have less frequent HPV association and their outcome appears poorer than other populations, although reaching substantial provision is not possible due to our limited case number.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Circumcision, Male; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Penile Neoplasms
PubMed: 31658325
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancer Jun 2005The objective of the current study was to identify independent clinical and pathologic variables that were predictive of lymph node involvement in patients with squamous...
Lymphatic and vascular embolizations are independent predictive variables of inguinal lymph node involvement in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: Gruppo Uro-Oncologico del Nord Est (Northeast Uro-Oncological Group) Penile Cancer data base data.
BACKGROUND
The objective of the current study was to identify independent clinical and pathologic variables that were predictive of lymph node involvement in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis in a multicenter series with the intent to select patients who were suitable to undergo immediate inguinal lymphadenectomy.
METHODS
Data were analyzed from 175 patients who underwent surgery for penile carcinoma in 11 urologic centers participating in the Gruppo Uro-Oncologico del Nord-Est (Northeast Uro-Oncological Group) Penile Cancer Data Base. Pathologically positive lymph nodes were defined as the presence of histologically confirmed lymph node metastasis in patients who underwent either immediate or delayed inguinal and/or pelvic lymphadenectomy. Patients who had clinically positive lymph nodes with cytologically positive fine-needle aspiration results and who had not undergone lymphadenectomy were censored.
RESULTS
Overall, lymph-node involvement was observed in 71 of 175 patients (40.6%) included in the analyses. After analyzing the whole group of patients, the following variables were identified as independent predictors of pathologic lymph node metastasis: clinical lymph node status, pathologic stage of the primary tumor, venous and lymphatic embolizations, and histologic grade. In the subgroup of patients with clinically negative lymph nodes, tumor thickness, histologic grade, lymphatic and venous embolizations, infiltration of both corpus spongiosum and urethra, and pathologic stage of the primary tumor (according to the 1997 TNM classification system) were predictive of lymph node involvement on univariate analysis. The generated logistic regression model showed that venous and/or lymphatic embolizations and infiltration of the corpus spongiosum and/or urethra were independent predictors of pathologic lymph node metastasis in patients with clinically negative lymph nodes.
CONCLUSIONS
Venous and/or lymphatic embolizations played relevant roles as predictors of pathologic lymph node involvement in patients with penile neoplasia and should be considered important parameters in determining which patients with clinically negative lymph nodes should undergo immediate lymphadenectomy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Embolization, Therapeutic; Humans; Lymph Node Excision; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Penile Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 15856474
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21076 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2014Extramammary Paget's Disease (EMPD) seems to be more common in Caucasians than Chinese. We report the clinical manifestations, management, and prognostic characteristics...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE
Extramammary Paget's Disease (EMPD) seems to be more common in Caucasians than Chinese. We report the clinical manifestations, management, and prognostic characteristics in 17 Chinese patients.
METHODS
Medical records and biopsies of 17 patients who had been treated at a large university hospital in China between March 2005 and January 2012 were reviewed.
RESULTS
Of the 17 patients, 14 were men. They had lesions on the scrotum and the penis. Of the three women, two had vulvar and one had inguinal lesions. All patients underwent Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). Three men had metastasis to the inguinal lymph nodes and underwent an extensive local excision with inguinal lymphadenectomy. Eight patients who had positive excision margins received additional radiation therapy. The mean follow-up duration was 54 months (4-85 months). One patient had two recurrences. Three had metastasis to the inguinal lymph node. One had metastasis to the bone and concomitant prostate cancer. Two patients died of the disease.
CONCLUSION
A striking difference in presentation of EMPD in Chinese compared with Caucasians is the male predominance and location on the penis and scrotum. Mohs micrographic surgery followed by radiotherapy is an effective treatment. Long-term follow-up suggests that the disease has a good prognosis when it does not metastasise.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Humans; Lymph Node Excision; Male; Middle Aged; Mohs Surgery; Paget Disease, Extramammary; Penis; Prognosis; Scrotum; Treatment Outcome; Vulva
PubMed: 24685848
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.129385 -
Annals of the Academy of Medicine,... Feb 2021
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Male; Penile Neoplasms; Penis
PubMed: 33733263
DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020438 -
Archivos Espanoles de Urologia Oct 2023Penile metastases are extremely rare events, originating primarily from primary pelvic tumours of the prostate, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. The underlying...
BACKGROUND
Penile metastases are extremely rare events, originating primarily from primary pelvic tumours of the prostate, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. The underlying mechanism of bladder cancer metastasis to the penis remains unclear. Metastasis to the penis is usually considered a late manifestation of systemic spread. Therefore, the prognosis of patients with penile metastasis remains poor and their survival period is short. Therefore, reporting this rare case will help to better understand the characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment processes of the disease, with the aim of improving the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis and treatment.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 65-year-old male received transurethral resection of a bladder tumor. One year later, he underwent radical cystectomy because of the recurrence and progression of bladder cancer. Postoperative pathology demonstrated that the stage of bladder cancer was TNM. One year later, he discovered a penile mass that gradually grew and became hard, accompanied by urinary retention, but without other clinical symptoms. The patient underwent a complete penectomy. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry results demonstrated the tumour's origin as a bladder urothelial carcinoma. The patient received systemic chemotherapy after surgery, but died 7 months later.
CONCLUSIONS
Although penile metastasis of bladder cancer typically indicates an advanced stage of the malignant tumour and poor prognosis, we recommend that male patients with a history of bladder cancer should undergo a regular clinical examination of the penis to rapidly detect the disease and receive early treatment. In this case, despite treatment measures such as systemic chemotherapy and penectomy, the patient's prognosis remained poor.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Male; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Penile Neoplasms; Penis; Prognosis; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis
PubMed: 37960961
DOI: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20237608.76 -
International Journal of Urology :... Feb 2001A 58-year-old man presented with dysuria at the Osaka Medical College Hospital in November 1996. Laboratory examination revealed elevated serum prostate-specific antigen... (Review)
Review
A 58-year-old man presented with dysuria at the Osaka Medical College Hospital in November 1996. Laboratory examination revealed elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to > 100 ng/mL. Adenocarcinoma of the prostate with metastasis to the bone was diagnosed after a biopsy of the prostate and bone scintigraphy; hormonal therapy was administered. Although bone metastasis was well controlled and the serum PSA level declined to within normal levels (2.0 ng/mL), several painless nodules were found on the penile glans. Biopsy of the nodules showed that the penile tumor was a metastasis from the prostate cancer. The patient underwent partial penectomy for relief from penile pain. The serum PSA level showed no elevation 3 months after the partial penectomy, suggesting that careful observation of prostate cancer patients is necessary, even when oseous metastasis is well controlled and serum PSA levels are kept within normal ranges by hormonal therapy. The case also indicates that urologists should consider the possibility of metastasis to the penis from prostate cancer.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Penile Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 11240832
DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-2042.2001.00245.x -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis May 2020T1 bladder cancer is associated with a high risk of recurrence and progression; concomitant carcinoma in situ and/or multifocality are negative prognostic factors....
INTRODUCTION
T1 bladder cancer is associated with a high risk of recurrence and progression; concomitant carcinoma in situ and/or multifocality are negative prognostic factors. Persistent disease after resection of T1 tumours has been observed in 33-55% of patients, and after resection of High-grade (HG) Ta tumour in 41,4%. It has been demonstrated that a second TURB can increase recurrence-free survival and it can make a restaging of the cancer.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
From January 2011 to December 2016, 87 patients with superficial bladder tumor (Ta-T1), undergoing TURB and routine repeat TURB (Re-TURB) 4-6 weeks after the initial resection, were included in the study. Re-TURB was applied to the scar of the first resection and other suspicious lesions in the bladder. After the second-look, we studied the follow-up of each patient.
RESULTS
Specimens obtained during the second TURBT showed no tumor in 47 (54,02%) patients; 40 (45,98%) patients had residual cancer: 34 of them had cancer of the same stage, 6 patients of pT1 had a lower stage, and 3 had a higher stage. 5 patient underwent radical cistectomy immediatly after re-TURBT. During the first year of follow up, 15 patients had a recurrent bladder cancer; 2 of them underwent radical cistectomy.
CONCLUSIONS
T1 bladder cancer is an high risk tumor, so that second-look TURBT is a valuable procedure for accurate staging of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer and it can guarantee a better eradication of the neoplasm.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cystectomy; Female; Humans; Male; Second-Look Surgery; Treatment Outcome; Urethra; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 32420968
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.8618 -
BMC Urology Aug 2022The periurethral mass in the female is a rare clinical entity and most of the lesions are benign. We present an unusual case of a periurethral mass found to be...
BACKGROUND
The periurethral mass in the female is a rare clinical entity and most of the lesions are benign. We present an unusual case of a periurethral mass found to be intestinal-type adenocarcinoma which has not been previously reported in the literature.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 58-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with acute urinary retention. She complained of frequency, urgency and progressive obstructive urinary symptoms for the last 3 months. A pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a soft tissue mass of 5 × 4 cm surrounding the entire urethra. A needle biopsy was done and revealed adenocarcinoma with intestinal-type features. The tumor was removed by a simultaneous laparoscopic abdominal and transperineal approach. The pathological results showed a positive surgical margin and urethra and vagina wall invasion. The neoplastic cells were positive for CK20, CDX-2, CerbB-2, MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS2 and P53. The patient received adjuvant systemic chemotherapy comprising S-1 and oxaliplatin. Follow-up with pelvic MRI 6 months after surgery showed no signs of local recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS
We have reported the first case of the primary periurethral adenocarcinoma of intestinal type. There are currently no standardized protocols for the diagnosis, clinical course, and treatment of this rare tumor. This case study can aid decision-making regarding the diagnosis and treatment of this tumor.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Urethra; Urinary Retention
PubMed: 35915492
DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-01077-6