-
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Oct 2019Subthreshold perceptual abnormalities are commonly used to identify individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for developing a psychotic disorder. Predictive validity for...
OBJECTIVE
Subthreshold perceptual abnormalities are commonly used to identify individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for developing a psychotic disorder. Predictive validity for modality-specific perceptual abnormality severity on psychosis risk is unknown.
METHODS
We examined prospectively collected data from 164 individuals age 12-35 meeting criteria for CHR followed for 6-24 months or until conversion to psychosis. Using intake interview notes, baseline perceptual abnormality scores were split into auditory, visual, somatic/tactile, and olfactory/gustatory components, and auditory scores were further split into those for verbal vs non-verbal content. Relationships between perceptual abnormality characteristics and conversion were assessed with Cox proportional hazards regression and logistic regression.
RESULTS
Unusual thought content and paranoia were predictive of conversion, but no modality-specific perceptual abnormality score predicted conversion status or days to conversion. However, when auditory perceptual abnormalities were further categorized as verbal vs non-verbal, the severity of verbal experiences was predictive of conversion to psychosis (P = 0.007).
CONCLUSIONS
Perceptual abnormality scores failed to meaningfully predict conversion to psychosis in either direction in this CHR sample. However, verbal auditory experiences may identify a group of CHR individuals at elevated risk of conversion. Further exploration of the relationship between phenomenological aspects of perceptual abnormalities and conversion risk is warranted.
Topics: Adolescent; Case-Control Studies; Child; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Male; Paranoid Disorders; Perception; Perceptual Disorders; Predictive Value of Tests; Prodromal Symptoms; Psychotic Disorders; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Young Adult
PubMed: 31355420
DOI: 10.1111/acps.13078 -
Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain) Apr 2013The study of the neural networks involved in music processing has received less attention than work researching the brain's language networks. For the last two decades... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The study of the neural networks involved in music processing has received less attention than work researching the brain's language networks. For the last two decades there has been a growing interest in discovering the functional mechanisms of the musical brain and understanding those disorders in which brain regions linked with perception and production of music are damaged.
DISCUSSION
Congenital and acquired musical deficits in their various forms (perception, execution, music-memory) are grouped together under the generic term amusia. In this selective review we present the "cutting edge" studies on the cognitive and neural processes implicated in music and the various forms of amusia.
CONCLUSIONS
Musical processing requires a large cortico-subcortical network which is distributed throughout both cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum. The analysis of healthy subjects using functional neuroimaging and examination of selective deficits (e.g., tone, rhythm, timbre, melodic contours) in patients will improve our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in musical processing and the latter's relationship with other cognitive processes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain; Cognition; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Psychological; Music; Music Therapy; Perceptual Disorders
PubMed: 21658819
DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2011.04.010 -
Clinical & Experimental Optometry Jul 2008Optometrists will frequently see patients, who may have a diagnosis or a suspected diagnosis of dyslexia (specific reading disorder) and will need to manage and counsel... (Review)
Review
Optometrists will frequently see patients, who may have a diagnosis or a suspected diagnosis of dyslexia (specific reading disorder) and will need to manage and counsel such patients. There are many propounded theories on the cause(s) of dyslexia. Although most professionals in this area consider that dyslexia is chiefly a linguistic disorder, the possibility of a visual component is contentious. This article is a selective review of two commonly discussed theories that suggest a visual component in dyslexia; the magnocellular deficit theory and Meares-Irlen syndrome.
Topics: Asthenopia; Dyslexia; Flicker Fusion; Humans; Optometry; Perceptual Disorders; Perceptual Distortion; Professional Role; Vision, Ocular; Visual Pathways
PubMed: 18430036
DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2008.00277.x -
Revista de Neurologia Feb 2012Over the years, most of the mental disorders that are dealt with in everyday clinical practice have changed not only their names but also their conceptualisation.... (Review)
Review
Over the years, most of the mental disorders that are dealt with in everyday clinical practice have changed not only their names but also their conceptualisation. Furthermore, as some disorders disappear or are forgotten, others come into being. Seen from a historical perspective and unlike many of the diseases included within classical medicine, it can be stated that one of the basic characteristics of mental disorders is their short-lived presence in the scientific literature. In this study we analyse the causes underlying the transitory nature of mental disorders. The disappearance of a disorder or the modification of how it is conceptualised may be linked to several different motives. Sometimes they may be due to an evolution of the construct, as a result of new findings. On other occasions the disorder falls into disuse owing to the weakness of the theoretical construct or the clinical research upholding it. Lastly, because the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases require updates that incorporate new contributions and correct faults in the current model, they give rise to new denominations and definitions in mental disorders. This article analyses these three situations and offers an illustrative example in each case.
Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive; Child, Preschool; Comorbidity; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Forecasting; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Learning Disabilities; Mental Disorders; Models, Psychological; Perceptual Disorders; Remission, Spontaneous; Sensation Disorders; Terminology as Topic; Time Factors
PubMed: 22374762
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychiatria Danubina Jun 2010Neuropsychology includes both the psychiatric manifestations of neurological illness (primary brain-based disorders) and neurobiology of "idiopathic" psychiatric... (Review)
Review
Neuropsychology includes both the psychiatric manifestations of neurological illness (primary brain-based disorders) and neurobiology of "idiopathic" psychiatric disorders. Neurological primary brain disorders provoke broad spectrum of brain pathophysiology that cause deficit sin human behaviour, and the magnitude of neurobehavioral-related problems is a world wide health concern. Speech disorders of aphasic type, unilateral neglect, anosognosia (deficit disorders), delirium and mood disorders (productive disorders) in urgent neurology, first of all in acute phase of stroke are more frequent disorders then it verified in routine exam, not only in the developed and large neurological departments. Aphasia is common consequence of left hemispheric lesion and most common neuropsychological consequence of stroke, with prevalence of one third of all stroke patients in acute phase although exist reports on greater frequency. Unilateral neglect is a disorder that mostly effects the patient after the lesion of the right hemisphere, mostly caused by a cerebrovascular insult (infarct or haemorrhage affecting a large area - up to two thirds of the right hemisphere), and in general the left-side neglect is the most widespread neuropsychological deficit after the lesion of the right cerebral hemisphere. Reports on the incidence of visual neglect vary and they range from 13 to 85%. Anosognosia is on the second place as neuropsychological syndrome of stroke in right hemisphere, characterized by the denial of the motor, visual or cognitive deficit. This syndrome, defined as denial of hemiparesis or hemianopsia, is a common disorder verified in 17-28% of all patents with acute brain stoke. There are different reports on frequency of delirium in acute stroke, from 24 to 48%, and it is more frequent in hemorrhagic then ischemic stoke. Post stroke depression (PSD) is one of the more frequent consequences on the stroke, and the prevalence of PSD has ranged from 5 to 63% of patients in several cross-sectional studies, peaking three to six months after a stroke.
Topics: Agnosia; Aphasia; Awareness; Cerebral Infarction; Delirium; Denial, Psychological; Depressive Disorder; Dominance, Cerebral; Hemianopsia; Hemiplegia; Humans; Neurocognitive Disorders; Perceptual Disorders
PubMed: 20562762
DOI: No ID Found -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Jan 2007From phenomenological and experimental perspectives, research in schizophrenia has emphasized deficits in "higher" cognitive functions, including attention, executive... (Review)
Review
From phenomenological and experimental perspectives, research in schizophrenia has emphasized deficits in "higher" cognitive functions, including attention, executive function, as well as memory. In contrast, general consensus has viewed dysfunctions in basic perceptual processes to be relatively unimportant in the explanation of more complex aspects of the disorder, including changes in self-experience and the development of symptoms such as delusions. We present evidence from phenomenology and cognitive neuroscience that changes in the perceptual field in schizophrenia may represent a core impairment. After introducing the phenomenological approach to perception (Husserl, the Gestalt School), we discuss the views of Paul Matussek, Klaus Conrad, Ludwig Binswanger, and Wolfgang Blankenburg on perception in schizophrenia. These 4 psychiatrists describe changes in perception and automatic processes that are related to the altered experience of self. The altered self-experience, in turn, may be responsible for the emergence of delusions. The phenomenological data are compatible with current research that conceptualizes dysfunctions in perceptual processing as a deficit in the ability to combine stimulus elements into coherent object representations. Relationships of deficits in perceptual organization to cognitive and social dysfunction as well as the possible neurobiological mechanisms are discussed.
Topics: Attention; Automatism; Awareness; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Delusions; Humans; Mental Recall; Neuropsychological Tests; Perceptual Disorders; Problem Solving; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Self Concept
PubMed: 17118973
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbl047 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Apr 2021To assess the prevalence of elementary visuospatial perception (EVSP) deficit in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
AIM
To assess the prevalence of elementary visuospatial perception (EVSP) deficit in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
METHOD
Using a screening test designed and validated to measure dorsal EVSP ability, 168 children (122 males, 46 females; mean age 10y [SD 1y 10mo], range 4y 8mo-16y 4mo) diagnosed with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), specific learning disorder (SLD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and/or oral language disorder were compared with a group of 184 typically developing children. We also tested 14 children with binocular vision dysfunction and no neurodevelopmental disorder.
RESULTS
Children with SLD scored below the interquartile range of typically developing children as frequently (59%) as children with DCD, but only 5% were severely impaired (i.e. scored as outliers). Children with DCD were the most severely impaired (22% of outliers), even more so when they exhibited a co-occuring disorder. Children with language disorder and those with binocular vision dysfunction scored similarly to the group of typically developing children.
INTERPRETATION
These results confirm the importance of assessing EVSP in the clinical evaluation of children with neurodevelopmental disorders, in particular those presenting with DCD or SLD. What this paper adds More than half of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) scored below the normal interquartile range on the elementary visuospatial perception (EVSP) test. More than half of children with specific learning disorder (SLD) scored below the normal interquartile range on the EVSP test. Twenty-two percent of children with DCD performed as outliers on the EVSP test. Children with language disorder and those with binocular vision dysfunction scored similarly to typically developing children.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Male; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Perceptual Disorders; Space Perception; Visual Perception
PubMed: 33314050
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14743 -
Developmental Disabilities Research... 2009Spina bifida (SB) is a neural tube defect diagnosed before or at birth that is associated with a high incidence of math disability often without co-occurring... (Review)
Review
Spina bifida (SB) is a neural tube defect diagnosed before or at birth that is associated with a high incidence of math disability often without co-occurring difficulties in reading. SB provides an interesting population within which to examine the development of mathematical abilities and disability across the lifespan and in relation to the deficits in visual-spatial processing that are also associated with the disorder. An overview of math and its cognitive correlates in preschoolers, school-age children and adults with SB is presented including the findings from a longitudinal study linking early executive functions in infancy to the development of later preschool and school age math skills. These findings are discussed in relation to socio-historical perspectives on math education and implications for intervention and directions for further research are presented.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Cognition Disorders; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Infant; Mathematics; Perceptual Disorders; Space Perception; Spinal Dysraphism; Visual Perception
PubMed: 19213013
DOI: 10.1002/ddrr.48 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Nov 2013This paper summarizes the discussions regarding animal paradigms for assessing perception at the seventh meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to... (Review)
Review
This paper summarizes the discussions regarding animal paradigms for assessing perception at the seventh meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (CNTRICS). A breakout group at the meeting addressed candidate tests in animals that might best parallel the human paradigms selected previously in the CNTRICS program to assess two constructs in the domain of perception: gain control and visual integration. The perception breakout group evaluated the degree to which each of the nominated tasks met pre-specified criteria: comparability of tasks across multiple species; construct validity; neuroanatomical homology between species; and dynamic range across parametric variation.
Topics: Animals; Cognition Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Inhibition, Psychological; Nonlinear Dynamics; Perceptual Disorders; Photic Stimulation; Reproducibility of Results; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 23867801
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.06.016 -
Developmental Disabilities Research... 2009Turner syndrome (TS) is a relatively common neurogenetic disorder characterized by complete or partial monosomy-X in a phenotypic female. TS is associated with a... (Review)
Review
Turner syndrome (TS) is a relatively common neurogenetic disorder characterized by complete or partial monosomy-X in a phenotypic female. TS is associated with a cognitive profile that typically includes intact intellectual function and verbal abilities with relative weaknesses in visual-spatial, executive, and social cognitive domains. In this report, we review previous and current research related to the cognitive profile of TS. We also discuss how cognitive impairments in this syndrome may reflect integrative rather than modular deficits. For example, the less commonly reported areas of verbal difficulty in TS and certain visual-spatial deficits seem significantly influenced by impairments in executive function and spatially loaded stimuli. We provide a summary of cognitive testing measures used in the assessment of visual-spatial and executive skills, which includes test domain descriptions as well as a comprehensive examination of social cognitive function in TS. This review concludes with a discussion of ecological interpretations regarding the meaning of cognitive deficits in TS at the individual level.
Topics: Chromosome Deletion; Cognition Disorders; Humans; Intelligence Tests; Neuropsychological Tests; Perceptual Disorders; Phenotype; Severity of Illness Index; Social Perception; Space Perception; Turner Syndrome; Verbal Behavior; Visual Perception
PubMed: 20014362
DOI: 10.1002/ddrr.79