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BMC Veterinary Research Apr 2013The antibody Ki-67 is a reliable and easy tool to accurately assess the growth fraction of neoplasms in humans and animals, and it has been used to predict the clinical...
BACKGROUND
The antibody Ki-67 is a reliable and easy tool to accurately assess the growth fraction of neoplasms in humans and animals, and it has been used to predict the clinical outcome. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression pattern of Ki-67 in normal and neoplastic perianal glands of dogs to evaluate the possible use of this proliferation marker as an ancillary method of perianal tumor diagnosis. We studied 42 cases of perianal gland neoplasms including adenomas (n = 15), epitheliomas (n = 15), and carcinomas (n = 12). As controls, 13 tissue samples from normal perianal glands were used. A Ki-67 index was established by a computer-assisted image analysis and compared with manual counting.
RESULTS
Out of the 42 cases of perianal gland neoplasms, 34 were from males and eight from females. Recurrence was reported in 14 cases, being higher (8/12) in carcinomas. Immunostaining for Ki-67 revealed that the carcinomas showed a higher proliferation rate (9.87%) compared to groups of epitheliomas (2.66%) and adenomas (0.36%). For adenomas and epitheliomas of the perianal glands the computer-assisted counting and the manual counting gave similar results; however, only the computer-assisted image analysis was efficient to predict the perianal gland carcinoma recurrence.
CONCLUSION
Since there were significant differences in the number of Ki-67-positive nuclei, this marker proved to be effective in helping the classification of perianal gland neoplasms and to refine the diagnosis criteria, especially in those samples with high variation in morphology/area. Also, higher Ki-67 index is related to recurrence in cases of perianal gland carcinomas. Further, the computer-assisted image analysis proved to be a fast and reliable method to assess the Ki-67 index in perianal gland neoplasms.
Topics: Adenoma; Anal Gland Neoplasms; Animals; Biomarkers; Carcinoma; Cell Proliferation; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Ki-67 Antigen; Male; Perianal Glands; Prognosis
PubMed: 23601191
DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-83 -
Cureus May 2021Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare form of cancer that involves skin areas rich in apocrine glands. The common sites of occurrence include the vulva, perianal...
Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare form of cancer that involves skin areas rich in apocrine glands. The common sites of occurrence include the vulva, perianal region, perineum, and axilla. Perianal Paget disease (PPD) is a subset of EMPD, which arises in the perianal skin. The disease commonly presents with a thickened plaque-like lesion with erythema or white scaly appearance. It is generally classified into two categories based on the origin of the tumor cells: (1) primary PPD if the tumor arises from intraepidermal cells and (2) secondary PPD if cancer originates from the underlying colorectal or urinary tract neoplasm. Due to its rarity, only a few sporadic case reports have been published in the literature, and treatment methods are yet to be standardized. In light of this, we report two PPD cases with different etiopathogenesis and staging: one involved only the perianal skin without regional or metastatic disease, and was not accompanied by visceral adenocarcinomas although there was a previous history of sigmoid adenocarcinoma; the other was probably secondary to an anal canal tumor spreading with disseminated disease involving the perianal and perineum area with bilateral inguinal, pelvic lymph node, and liver metastasis. The treatment plans and the outcomes of both cases were necessarily different from each other.
PubMed: 34168927
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15161 -
Veterinary World Oct 2022Hepatoid gland neoplasms (HGNs) constitute one of the most common cutaneous tumors that arise from perianal glands in dogs and are clinically characterized by rapid...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Hepatoid gland neoplasms (HGNs) constitute one of the most common cutaneous tumors that arise from perianal glands in dogs and are clinically characterized by rapid growth. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the inducible form of the enzyme, is associated with several hallmarks of tumorigenesis. Its expression has been confirmed in several human and animal neoplastic tissues, but there are no reports in hepatoid gland tissues. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate COX-2 immunoexpression in canine HGNs, compare the expression among groups of normal hepatoid glands, hepatoid gland adenomas (HGAs), hepatoid gland epitheliomas (HGEs), and hepatoid gland carcinomas (HGCs), and assess the association of the COX-2 expression with clinicopathological features.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty-one formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded canine hepatoid gland tissues (20 samples of HGAs, 16 of HGEs, 15 of HGCs, and 10 of normal hepatoid glands) were analyzed for COX-2 expression using immunohistochemistry with scoring for percentage positivity and intensity. Multiple comparisons of COX-2 expression among normal and neoplastic hepatoid glands and the associations between COX-2 expression and clinicopathological features were analyzed.
RESULTS
Cyclooxygenase-2 expression was not detected in 60% of normal hepatoid glands and 25% of HGAs. Seventy-five percent of HGAs had a weak expression, while 43.7% and 56.3% of HGEs showed weak and moderate expression, respectively. The expression of HGCs ranged from weak (13.3%) to moderate (33.3%) and strong (53.3%). The immunoreactivity score of COX-2 labeling was significantly different among the normal and neoplastic hepatoid glands (p < 0.0001). The highest score was observed in the HGCs. Only in HGCs, the strong COX-2 expression was significantly associated with some clinicopathological features, including tissue invasion (p = 0.007) and necrosis (p = 0.029).
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that COX-2 may play a role in the modulation of neoplastic cell growth. These preliminary data lead to further investigation on the potential of COX-2 expression as a prognostic indicator and COX-2 inhibitors for canine HGCs treatment.
PubMed: 36425143
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2432-2441 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Mar 2008Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory disease that usually affects areas of the skin with a high density of apocrine glands (axillae, groin, perianal and... (Review)
Review
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory disease that usually affects areas of the skin with a high density of apocrine glands (axillae, groin, perianal and perineal regions, submammary area, etc). It usually appears in women during puberty. The etiology of the disease is unknown, although it is thought to be a primary defect of the hair follicle. When diagnosing hidradenitis suppurativa, a number of genetic and hormonal predisposing factors should be considered alongside other putative triggers, such as obesity, smoking, and tight clothing. Diagnosis is essentially clinical and it is important to bear in mind the possible complications associated with the disease, such as the development of tumors. Management of the disease includes general measures (antiseptic soaps, warm baths, etc), pharmacological therapy (topical, intralesional, and systemic), surgery (direct closure, second-intention healing, grafts, flaps, etc), and other measures (carbon dioxide laser, radiation therapy, etc). It is important that the disease be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible given the potential physical and psychological problems that it can generate.
Topics: Clinical Protocols; Decision Trees; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans
PubMed: 18346431
DOI: No ID Found -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) May 2018To better understand the cellular origins and differentiation of anal canal epithelial neoplasms, the immunohistochemical profiles of the anal canal epithelium in humans... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
To better understand the cellular origins and differentiation of anal canal epithelial neoplasms, the immunohistochemical profiles of the anal canal epithelium in humans and swine were evaluated. Formalin-fixed tissue sections were immunostained for mucin (MUC: MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B), desmoglein 3 (DGS3), p63, CDX2, SOX2, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The anal transitional zone (ATZ) epithelium covered the anal sinus and consisted of a stratified epithelium with mucous cells interspersed within the surface lining. Anal glands opened into the anal sinus. Ducts and acini of intraepithelial or periepithelial mucous type were the main structures of human anal glands, whereas those of swine were compound tubuloacinar mixed glands. Distal to the ATZ epithelium, non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium merged with the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the perianal skin. MUC5AC expression predominated over MUC5B expression in the ATZ epithelium, while MUC5B expression was higher in the anal glands. SOX2 was positive in the ATZ epithelium, anal glands, and squamous epithelium except in the perianal skin. In humans, DGS3 was expressed in the ATZ epithelium, anal gland ducts, and squamous epithelium. p63 was detected in the ATZ epithelium, anal glands, and squamous epithelium. Myoepithelial cells positive for α-SMA and p63 were present in the anal glands of swine. Colorectal columnar cells were MUC5B /MUC2 /CDX2 /MUC5AC /SOX2 . The ATZ epithelium seems to be a distinctive epithelium, with morphological and functional features allowing smooth defecation. The MUC5AC /SOX2 /MUC2 /CDX2 profile of the ATZ epithelium and anal glands is a useful feature for diagnosing adenocarcinoma arising from these regions. Anat Rec, 301:796-805, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Actins; Anal Canal; Animals; CDX2 Transcription Factor; Desmoglein 3; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Intestinal Mucosa; Mucins; SOXB1 Transcription Factors; Swine
PubMed: 29232767
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23748 -
Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology =... Dec 2011Anal fistulae are common and debilitating; they are characterized by severe pain and discharge. They arise following infection near the anal canal, or as a primary event... (Review)
Review
Anal fistulae are common and debilitating; they are characterized by severe pain and discharge. They arise following infection near the anal canal, or as a primary event from an abscess in the abdomen, fistulating into the vagina or perianal skin. The term 'cryptoglandular' is given to abscesses arising from the anal glands.For many years, the treatment of choice was to lay open the fistula; however, this risks causing incontinence with potentially devastating consequences. Alternative surgical treatments include setons, fibrin glue, collagen plugs and flaps to cover the internal fistula opening. These have achieved varying degrees of success, as will be discussed. The present review also discusses anal fistulae in light of much recently published literature. Currently, anal fistulae remain challenging and require specialist expertise; however, new treatment options are on the horizon.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Crohn Disease; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; Gastroenterology; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Infliximab; Rectal Fistula; Surgical Flaps; Tissue Adhesives; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 22175058
DOI: 10.1155/2011/931316 -
Anti-cancer Drugs Jan 2022Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare salivary glands tumor and often displays aggressive behavior with frequent relapse and metastasis. The terminal ACC lacks...
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare salivary glands tumor and often displays aggressive behavior with frequent relapse and metastasis. The terminal ACC lacks standard treatment guidelines and is always accompanied by poor prognosis. Here, we report a case of rare perianal ACC who received resection and palliative adjuvant radiation. Five years later, PET-computed tomography (CT) showed perianal recurrence and multiple pulmonary metastases. Combined chemotherapy with doxorubicin, carboplatin and cyclophosphamide was applied for two cycles but ineffective. Further next-generation sequencing analysis of perianal tissue demonstrated the v-myb avian myelobastosis viral oncogene homolog and nuclear factor I/B fusion gene and two novel BCL-6 corepressor (BCOR) mutations (p.F1106Tfs*5 and p.L1524Hfs*8). The therapy was switched to eribulin and anlotinib and has been performed for eight cycles. At recent follow-ups, MRI and CT examinations revealed the diminishing perianal and pulmonary lesions. This study presented the first case of perianal ACC with multiple pulmonary metastases and particular BCOR mutations, who presented a durable response to eribulin and anlotinib, providing a potential therapeutic option for advanced refractory ACC.
Topics: Anal Gland Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Furans; Humans; Indoles; Ketones; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Quinolines
PubMed: 34321419
DOI: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000001171 -
Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery Mar 2011Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic debilitating disorder that can affect any areas bearing apocrine glands. Perineal HS is associated with high morbidity...
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic debilitating disorder that can affect any areas bearing apocrine glands. Perineal HS is associated with high morbidity compared with other anatomic regions. Early-stage disease may mimic various other forms of cutaneous disorders, but as HS progresses pathognomonic skin changes occur. Clinical stage can guide the therapeutic approach, but the lowest recurrence rate is obtained by removing all involved skin and subcutaneous fat. Pruritus ani is a complex disease with a multitude of etiologies. Its management can be frustrating and disappointing for the patient and doctor alike. The key is to start with simple treatment options focusing on perianal hygiene and avoidance of the most common offending foods and beverages. If these measures fail, topical medications should be attempted before graduating to perianal injections of methylene blue as a last resort.
PubMed: 22379408
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272826 -
BMC Gastroenterology Sep 2023To study the influence of clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment methods of perianal abscess on postoperative recurrence or formation of anal fistula to...
OBJECTIVE
To study the influence of clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment methods of perianal abscess on postoperative recurrence or formation of anal fistula to provide a basis for selecting appropriate surgical and inspection methods for clinical treatment of perianal abscess in the future.
METHODS
The clinical data of 394 patients with perianal abscesses were collected, the influencing factors were investigated, and univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to further determine the risk factors affecting the prognosis of perianal abscess.
RESULTS
The results showed that the rate of preoperative blood routine results in the uncured group was higher (51.16%) than in the cured group (35.61%); the rate of high abscess space in the uncured group (23.26%) was higher than in the cured group (9.11%); the proportion of patients in the uncured group who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before surgery (27.90%) was lower than in the cured group (45.30%); the proportion of patients in the uncured group who underwent simple drainage (51.16%) was higher than in the cured group (28.49%). The two groups had significant differences in perineal MRI examination, surgical method, preoperative blood routine, and abscess space (p = 0.030, p = 0.002, p = 0.047 and p = 0.010, respectively). Based on the results of univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis, the extent of the abscess cavity (OR = 2.544, 95%CI = 1.087-5.954, p = 0.031) and the surgical method (OR = 2.180, 95%CI = 1.091-4.357, p = 0.027) were independent influencing factors for postoperative recurrence of perianal abscess or anal fistula.
CONCLUSION
Preoperative assessment of the abscess range and precise intraoperative methods to resolve the infection of the abscess glands in the internal mouth can effectively improve the cure rate.
Topics: Humans; Abscess; Anus Diseases; Drainage; Prognosis; Rectal Fistula
PubMed: 37759161
DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02959-1 -
International Journal of Medical... Jul 2010Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disease of skin, characterized by recurrent draining sinuses and abscesses, predominantly in skin...
BACKGROUND
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disease of skin, characterized by recurrent draining sinuses and abscesses, predominantly in skin folds carrying terminal hairs and apocrine glands.
METHOD
This study reviewed 54 sites in 27 patients with moderate to extensive chronic inflammatory skin lesions treated surgically in our hospital from 2004 through 2009, with a follow-up of at least 6 months.
RESULT
A total number of 54 operative procedures were performed during the study period with 42% (23 sites) involving the axilla, 20% (11 sites) involving the gluteal area, %24 (13 sites) involving the perineal area and 12% (7 sites) involving the inguinal region.
CONCLUSION
Conservative treatment methods have little or no effects especially on gluteal, perineal/perianal, axillary hidradenitis suppurativa. The morbidity associated with the established form of this disease is significant, and the only successful treatment is wide surgical excision.
Topics: Adult; Female; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 20714346
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.7.240