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Journal of Clinical Pathology Apr 2001The manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are protean and vasculitides are one of the less common but nonetheless important consequences. A wide... (Review)
Review
The manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are protean and vasculitides are one of the less common but nonetheless important consequences. A wide range of vasculitides can be encountered, ranging from vasculitis resulting from specific infective agents to a non-specific vasculitis. Among the infective causes, cytomegalovirus and tuberculosis are probably the most common. A polyarteritis nodosa-like vasculitis with important differences to classic polyarteritis nodosa is also described. Hypersensitivity vasculitis resulting in several patterns of vasculitis and angiocentric immunoproliferative vasculitis are well recognised. As part of the immunocompromise caused by HIV, a granulomatous inflammation involving small arteries and veins of the brain surface and leptomeninges, termed a primary angiitis of the central nervous system, is a rare vasculitis associated with high mortality. A recently described large vessel (aorta, femorals, carotids) vasculopathy resulting in either multiple aneurysm formation or occlusive disease is seen in young adults. An infective agent is not found but aetiologically some of these lesions might be the result of a leucocytoclastic vasculitis of vasa vasora or periadventitial vessels. A final group of non-specific vasculitides not fitting into any of the characteristic patterns described accounts for the residue of vasculitides associated with HIV.
Topics: Central Nervous System Diseases; HIV Infections; Humans; Necrosis; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Vasculitis
PubMed: 11304843
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.54.4.275 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2019
Topics: Exanthema; Female; Humans; Leg; Middle Aged; Pain; Polyarteritis Nodosa
PubMed: 30504535
DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_388_18 -
Hypertension Research : Official... Jul 1999We sought to clarify the incidence, vessel-size and age distribution of periarteritis nodosa in rats occurring as a vascular lesion in malignant hypertension....
We sought to clarify the incidence, vessel-size and age distribution of periarteritis nodosa in rats occurring as a vascular lesion in malignant hypertension. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive and stroke-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rat strains were studied, as well as Wistar-Kyoto control rats. Mesenteric arteries and testicular arteries were examined histologically. Additionally, electron microscopy investigation was carried out on one stroke-prone hypertensive rat and one control. Periarteritis nodosa lesions were present in testicular arterioles in 57.1%, and mesenteric arteries in 28.6%, of stroke-prone hypertensive rats aged 9.5 mo. Lesion incidence at these sites was 100% and 60% respectively in 10 stroke-prone rats aged 15.5 mo, and 42.9% and 28.6% in stroke-resistant hypertensive rats aged 22.5 mo. In contrast, the incidence rate was 0% at both sites in stroke-resistant hypertensive rats aged 8 or 14.5 mo, and in control rats aged 9.5 or 25 mo. In stroke-prone rats, arteritis lesion counts (mean+/-SD) in testicular sections were 11.6+/-17 at age 9.5 mo and 96.3+/-60.9 at age 15.5 mo. In individual lesion scoring, arteritis was more severe in mesenteric arteries than in testicular arterioles. For arteriolar lesion distribution patterns in testicular sections, partial peripheral, partial peripheral plus central, and circumferential patterns were all noted. In conclusion, periarteritis nodosa in hypertensive stroke-prone rats occurs earlier in testicular arterioles, but attains greater severity in the mesenteric artery.
Topics: Animals; Arterioles; Body Weight; Hypertension; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Microscopy, Electron; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Testis
PubMed: 10487326
DOI: 10.1291/hypres.22.105 -
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Sep 2004
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Appendectomy; Appendicitis; Humans; Intestinal Perforation; Male; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Recurrence
PubMed: 15340028
DOI: 10.1177/014107680409700911 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Feb 2022
Topics: Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Vasculitis
PubMed: 35187905
DOI: No ID Found -
Vascular Health and Risk Management 2022Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare systemic necrotizing vasculitis affecting small- to medium-sized arteries. The most common gastrointestinal manifestation of PAN is... (Review)
Review
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare systemic necrotizing vasculitis affecting small- to medium-sized arteries. The most common gastrointestinal manifestation of PAN is postprandial abdominal pain from mesenteric arteritis causing bowel ischemia. When transmural ischemia develops, there may be ischemic necrosis and perforation of the bowel wall, which are life-threatening. Severe, life-threatening gastrointestinal involvement is relatively rare in pediatric PAN and may require different management in adult patients. We report a pediatric PAN case in a patient who presented with acute abdominal pain and superimposed cytomegalovirus enteritis with jejunoileal perforation. The patient improved with emergency small intestinal resection followed by conventional immunosuppressive drugs of a corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide, and anti-viral drugs. Before increasing the immunosuppressive drug dosage, initial screening of infectious cytomegalovirus and comprehensive evaluation for surgical conditions are essential in pediatric PAN with severe gastrointestinal involvement. Early aggressive treatment for acute abdomen is useful in reducing morbidity and mortality in pediatric PAN.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Child; Cytomegalovirus; Enteritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Ischemia; Polyarteritis Nodosa
PubMed: 35924006
DOI: 10.2147/VHRM.S354548 -
The Western Journal of Medicine Sep 1988
Topics: Aneurysm; Hepatic Artery; Humans; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Radiography
PubMed: 2902712
DOI: No ID Found -
Edinburgh Medical Journal Mar 1947
Topics: Humans; Polyarteritis Nodosa
PubMed: 20241006
DOI: No ID Found -
Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Mar 1950
Topics: Humans; Polyarteritis Nodosa
PubMed: 15412942
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Sep 1949
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Polyarteritis Nodosa
PubMed: 18143929
DOI: 10.1136/adc.24.119.224