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Nutrients May 2021Poor oral health in elite sport is a pressing issue, however little is known about the periodontal status of professional footballers. The aim of this study was to... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Poor oral health in elite sport is a pressing issue, however little is known about the periodontal status of professional footballers. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of periodontitis in a group of professional footballers and its association with nutritional parameters and self-report non-traumatic injuries. Additionally, we assessed its association with anthropometric, dietary inflammatory load and self-reported muscular and/or articular injuries. Twenty-two professional footballers were evaluated at the beginning of the 2020-2021 season via full-mouth periodontal inspection, anthropometric measurements and the application of the dietary inflammatory index through a food intake measurement of 24 h dietary recall on two different days. Self-reporting non-traumatic muscular and articular injuries for the past 6 months were recorded from each athlete. Then we compared clinical measurements according to the periodontal status and we correlated age, periodontal and nutritional parameters. Overall, the prevalence of periodontitis was 40.9% and peri-implantitis was also observed. No significant differences were found regarding age or nutritional parameters according to the periodontal status. More non-traumatic muscular events in the past 6 months were found in the periodontitis group (55.6% vs. 38.4%), although the difference was non-significant. Both clinical attachment loss, periodontal pocket depth and the periodontal epithelial surface area revealed a significant moderate correlation with the percentage of fat mass, muscle mass, muscle mass index and total adipose folds. This group of professional footballers showed an alarming prevalence of periodontitis. Further studies shall examine whether periodontitis and periodontal treatment impact the performance of this group of athletes.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Athletic Injuries; Humans; Male; Nutritional Status; Oral Health; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Self Report; Soccer; Young Adult
PubMed: 34070244
DOI: 10.3390/nu13061792 -
BMC Oral Health Nov 2022Periodontitis has been associated with inflammatory processes in arterial walls such as impairment in endothelial function and thickening of intima media. As...
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis has been associated with inflammatory processes in arterial walls such as impairment in endothelial function and thickening of intima media. As inflammation plays a role also in arterial stiffening, an association between periodontal inflammation and arterial stiffness can be expected. So far, conflicting results of the association between periodontal disease and arterial stiffness have been reported. Many of the earlier studies were conducted in specific populations and heterogeneous measures of both arterial stiffness and periodontal status were used. In this population-based study we aimed to investigate whether periodontal pocketing and gingival bleeding are associated with ultrasound-based measures of arterial stiffness.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, two sets of data based on the national Health 2000 Survey in Finland were formed. Data set I comprised never-smoking 45-64-year-old dentate (≥ 10 natural teeth), non-diabetic, non-rheumatic, non-obese (BMI ≤ 30 kg/m), non-hypertensive subjects with no coronary artery disease or ongoing lipid-lowering medications (n = 157). Data set II was formed of an unrestricted 45-74-year-old dentate population (n = 536). Four arterial stiffness measures (carotid artery compliance, Peterson's elastic modulus, Young's elastic modulus and beta stiffness index) based on an ultrasound examination of the common carotid artery were used. Periodontal parameters included the number of teeth with ≥ 4 mm deep periodontal pockets and the number of sextants with gingival bleeding. β-estimates, confidence intervals, and p-values were obtained from linear regression models.
RESULTS
In Data set I, the adjusted β-estimates for the association between the number of teeth with ≥ 4 mm deep periodontal pockets and Peterson's elastic modulus and Young's elastic modulus were 15.80 (p = 0.12) and 61.02 (p = 0.22), respectively. The respective β-estimates were 31.06 (p = 0.17) and 121.16 (p = 0.28) for the association between the number of bleeding sextants and these two stiffness measures. The results in Data set II were in line with the results in Data set I, with the exception that the adjusted β-estimates for the associations between Peterson's elastic modulus and Young's elastic modulus and periodontal parameters were closer to null.
CONCLUSIONS
This population-based study did not provide evidence of an association between periodontal condition and arterial stiffness.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Vascular Stiffness; Periodontal Pocket; Cross-Sectional Studies; Carotid Artery, Common; Gingival Hemorrhage; Inflammation
PubMed: 36371211
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02502-w -
Australian Dental Journal Dec 2009The literature pertaining to the extraction of third molars is extensive. There is a large individual variation and a multitude of practitioners' beliefs and biases... (Review)
Review
The literature pertaining to the extraction of third molars is extensive. There is a large individual variation and a multitude of practitioners' beliefs and biases relating to the extraction of especially asymptomatic and pathology free third molars. With the current emphasis in dentistry being placed on clinicians to make evidence-based decisions, the routine removal of third molars has been re-assessed and questioned. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate past and present knowledge of third molar extractions and relate it to logical considerations relevant to science and the evidence-based decision-making process. This paper endeavours to encourage and stimulate clinicians to re-evaluate their views on third molar extractions based on suggested guidelines and current evidence.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Elective Surgical Procedures; Evidence-Based Dentistry; Humans; Malocclusion; Molar, Third; Pericoronitis; Periodontal Pocket; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Risk Factors; Tooth Extraction
PubMed: 20415925
DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2009.01152.x -
Journal of Ayub Medical College,... 2022The oral cavity is colonized by more than 700 species of bacteria and hundreds of those can be present within oral biofilms. Objective was to determine the frequency of...
BACKGROUND
The oral cavity is colonized by more than 700 species of bacteria and hundreds of those can be present within oral biofilms. Objective was to determine the frequency of periodontal attachment loss in patients with dental proximal restorations.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 100 patients with Class II (mesial /distal or mesio-occluso-distal composite and amalgam restorations. The minimum duration of pre-existing restoration for which periodontal attachment loss was assessed was more than 3 months. Patients wearing orthodontic appliances, pregnant women, patients having systemic health problems with well-established links to periodontal diseases such as diabetes mellitus and patients who had received periodontal treatment within the last 3 months were excluded. Periodontal Pocket depth and bleeding on probing was recorded using WHO periodontal probe. Pocket depth greater than 3 mm was considered pathologic. The data were analyzed using the SPSS, version 20. Descriptive statistics were computed. Chi square test was applied to compare the effects of duration of restoration and type of teeth on periodontal attachment loss.
RESULTS
Of total 100 participants 65 (65%) were males and 35 (35%) were females. The mean age was 30.74±9.21 years. In 14% cases having class II or Mesio occluso distal restorations normal pocket depth was recorded while 86% had pathologic pockets. Teeth where proximal restorations were present for more than one year were most commonly associated (29%) with pathologic pockets followed by proximal restorations which were present for three months (25%). As the duration of proximal restoration increased, the frequency of periodontal pathologic pockets increased (p<0.001). The prevalence of periodontal pocket was more in molars than premolars (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
Proximal restoration can be a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. Strict oral hygiene, proper design of restoration margin and supportive periodontal therapy is the utmost responsibility of the clinician.
Topics: Pregnancy; Male; Humans; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Cross-Sectional Studies; Risk Factors; Dental Amalgam
PubMed: 36550659
DOI: 10.55519/JAMC-04-S4-10454 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Dec 2022To assess the Candida species occurrence rate and concentration in periodontal pockets in chronic periodontitis (CP) by meta-analysis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To assess the Candida species occurrence rate and concentration in periodontal pockets in chronic periodontitis (CP) by meta-analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A search was performed of articles published between January 1, 2010, and October 1, 2020, in English and in Russian, in the electronic databases MEDLINE-PubMed, Google Scholar, The Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Research Gate, eLIBRARY, and Cyberleninka (PROSPEROCRD42021234831). The odds ratio (OR), standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Review Manager 5.4.1 to compare the risk of CP when Candida spp. were detected in the gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket and to compare Candida spp. density counts in patients with CP and periodontally healthy patients.
RESULTS
Twenty-six studies were included in the systematic review and 11 were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that Candida spp. may increase the chance of CP development by 1.76 times (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.04-2.99; Z = 2.10; p = .04; I = 61%). More Candida spp. were found in patients with CP than in periodontally healthy patients (SMD = 1.58; 95% CI = 0.15-3.02; p = .03; I = 98%). No data were found relating to the statistically significant influence of Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis on CP development.
CONCLUSION
We found that Candida albicans insignificantly increased the risk of CP development but, due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, further research is necessary to determine the exact role of Candida spp. in the development and course of the inflammatory periodontal diseases.
Topics: Humans; Chronic Periodontitis; Candida; Periodontal Pocket; Candida albicans; Gingiva
PubMed: 35903878
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.635 -
Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene :... Feb 2023Supragingival air polishing of teeth effectively removes dental plaque and extrinsic stain on coronal tooth surfaces, but its impact on specific periodontal pathogens in...
BACKGROUND
Supragingival air polishing of teeth effectively removes dental plaque and extrinsic stain on coronal tooth surfaces, but its impact on specific periodontal pathogens in adjacent subgingival biofilms is not known. This study assessed the microbiological effect of supragingival air polishing on the subgingival microbiota of individuals with severe periodontitis.
METHODS
Supragingival air polishing with a sodium bicarbonatebased powder was performed on 15 adult test subjects, with the nozzle of the air polishing device aimed apically at a 45° angle onto tooth surfaces immediately coronal to the entrance of periodontal pockets. Supragingival prophylaxis paste polishing, using a slow-speed handpiece, was carried out on 13 adult control subjects. Subgingival specimens were collected from a single 5 mm to 7 mm periodontal pocket with bleeding on probing in each of the study participants before and immediately after supragingival polishing procedures. Viable bacterial counts and selected putative periodontal pathogens ( species) were quantified by microbial culture, and motile morphotypes (spirochetes and motile rods) by phase-contrast microscopy.
RESULTS
Statistically significant decreases were detected after supragingival air polishing in total viable counts (84.9% decrease), in species, total proportions of red/orange complex periodontal pathogens (82.3% decrease), and in motile morphotypes (85.3% decrease). No statistically significant subgingival microbiological changes occurred with supragingival prophylaxis paste polishing.
CONCLUSION
Supragingival air polishing of teeth, but not supragingival prophylaxis paste polishing, may serve as a useful therapeutic adjunct to disrupt and help remove pathogenic biofilms in deep periodontal pockets.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Periodontal Pocket; Dental Polishing; Dental Plaque; Periodontitis; Campylobacter; Microbiota
PubMed: 36968802
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Mar 2023Periodontitis is independently associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, there is limited data on whether periodontal treatment improves overall RA disease... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
AIM
Periodontitis is independently associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, there is limited data on whether periodontal treatment improves overall RA disease activity. We conducted a pilot feasibility randomized controlled clinical trial to test whether intensive periodontal therapy reduces RA disease activity in patients with active RA and periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The following inclusion criteria were applied: patients with RA and periodontitis, aged 18+, stable on treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for ≥3 months, disease activity score (DAS28) ≥3.2, and DAS28 >5.1 only if patient unwilling to take biologics. Participants meeting the inclusion criteria were randomized to immediate intensive periodontal therapy or to delayed therapy (control group) administered by a dental hygienist in a secondary care setting. Data were collected at baseline and at 3 and 6 months of follow-up. Participants randomized to the control group (delayed therapy) received the standard of care for the duration of the trial, including oral hygiene instructions delivered by a dental hygienist, and the same periodontal therapy as the intervention group after study completion (i.e., 6 months after randomization). The periodontal inflammation surface area was calculated using clinical attachment loss (CAL), periodontal probing pocket depth, and bleeding on probing. Cumulative probing depth was also measured. We examined the effect of periodontal therapy on periodontal outcomes and on clinical markers of disease activity in RA, as measured by the DAS28-C-reactive protein score as well as musculo-skeletal ultrasound grey scale and power Doppler scores.
RESULTS
A total of 649 patients with RA were invited to participate in the study. Of these, 296 (46%) consented to participate in the screening visit. A sample of 201 patients was assessed for eligibility, of whom 41 (20%) did not meet the RA inclusion criteria and 100 (50%) did not meet the periodontal disease criteria. Among the 60 (30%) eligible participants, 30 were randomized to immediate periodontal therapy and 30 were allocated to the control group. The loss to follow-up was 18% at the end of the trial. There were no major differences with regard to baseline characteristics between the groups. Periodontal therapy was associated with reduced periodontal inflamed surface area, cumulative probing depths, RA disease activity scores, and ultrasound scores over the course of the trial. There was no change in CAL.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, the trial was feasible and acceptable to the study participants. Recruitment to and satisfactory retention in a randomized controlled trial on the effect of periodontal treatment on RA patients is possible, albeit challenging. In this feasibility study of patients with RA and periodontitis, periodontal treatment resulted in significant improvements in periodontal disease outcomes and overall RA disease activity, although complete resolution of periodontal inflammation was difficult to achieve in some cases.
Topics: Humans; Feasibility Studies; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Periodontitis; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket; Inflammation
PubMed: 36415901
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13756 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jan 2022Periodontal disease is the most common dental disease in dogs. Although the systemic effects of periodontal disease have not been clarified in veterinary science, it is...
BACKGROUND
Periodontal disease is the most common dental disease in dogs. Although the systemic effects of periodontal disease have not been clarified in veterinary science, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of periodontal disease in clinical trials in the future. There have been a few clinical attempts made, however, to assess the severity of periodontal inflammation and its impact on the systemic health of dogs. Meanwhile, in the field of dentistry for humans, the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and periodontal epithelial surface area (PESA) have been used to quantitatively assess the degree of periodontal disease affecting a single tooth as well as the overall extent of periodontitis. Recent studies have also suggested the use of these assessments to examine the relationship between periodontal inflammation and systemic health.
RESULTS
The estimation formula for a dog's periodontal pocket surface area (PPSA), an alternative to PISA and PESA in humans, was established using body weight and periodontal pocket depth. Actual values were measured using extracted teeth from various dog breeds and sizes (2.3-25.0 kg of body weight) to obtain universal regression equations for PPSA. Altogether, 625 teeth from 73 dogs of 16 breeds were extracted and subsequently analyzed for morphological information. PPSA was measured in 61 dogs of 10 breeds with periodontal disease using the established estimation formulas, and the correlation between PPSA and preoperative blood chemistry data was analyzed accordingly. A strong correlation was found between PPSA and serum globulin (r = 0.71) while moderate correlations were found for C-reactive protein (r = 0.54) and serum albumin (r = -0.51).
CONCLUSIONS
Estimation formulas using body weight and the 6-point probing depth were established for determining PPSA. Direct correlations between PPSA and several blood test results were observed in the study sample. Taken together, these results suggest that PPSA could be useful for evaluating the effects of periodontitis on systemic conditions in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis
PubMed: 34980120
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03116-0 -
Biomolecules Oct 2023Naturally sourced products like propolis are commonly employed for the non-surgical treatment of periodontal pockets. The use of nanoparticle formulations of these... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Naturally sourced products like propolis are commonly employed for the non-surgical treatment of periodontal pockets. The use of nanoparticle formulations of these natural remedies has the potential to improve treatment outcomes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of sub-gingivally delivered propolis nanoparticles in the non-surgical management of periodontal pockets. Forty patients diagnosed with periodontitis presenting at least one periodontal pocket with a probing pocket depth between 4 and 6 mm were selected. Patients were randomly assigned into the control group ( = 20), which received scaling and root planing (SRP) and saline (SRP + Saline), and the test group ( = 20), which received SRP and sub-gingivally delivered propolis nanoparticles (PRO) into the periodontal pocket (SRP + PRO). The clinical parameters recorded were plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), relative attachment loss (RAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), and bleeding on probing (BOP). They were assessed at baseline, one month, and three months post therapy. The results indicated that there was a significant improvement in clinical parameters ( < 0.05) in the test sites compared with the control sites at the end of the study. The gingival index at one month and three months was found to be significantly better in the SRP + PRO group than the SRP + Saline group, with a value of <0.001. The BOP, PPD, and RAL showed significant improvement with the SRP + PRO group at the end of the 3-month follow-up with values of 0.0001, 0.001, and 0.05, respectively. The subgingival delivery of propolis nanoparticles showed promising results as an adjunct to SRP in patients with periodontitis presenting periodontal pockets.
Topics: Humans; Periodontal Pocket; Propolis; Periodontitis; Treatment Outcome; Root Planing
PubMed: 38002260
DOI: 10.3390/biom13111576 -
Medical Hypotheses Oct 2020Periodontal pockets are the major clinical manifestation of Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory oral disease affecting the teeth-supporting tissues and has high...
Periodontal pockets are the major clinical manifestation of Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory oral disease affecting the teeth-supporting tissues and has high prevalence in the adult population. Periodontal pockets are ideal environments for subgingival bacterial biofilms, that interact with the supragingival oral cavity, mucosal tissues of the pocket and a peripheral circulatory system. Periodontal pockets have been found to harbor viral species such as the Herpes simplex viruses' family. Recently, the SARS-CoV-2 has gained major interest of the scientific/medical community as it caused a global pandemic (Covid-19) and paralyzed the globe with high figures of infected people worldwide. This virus behavior is still partially understood, and by analyzing some of its features we hypothesized that periodontal pocket could be a favorable anatomical niche for the virus and thus acting as a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; COVID-19 Testing; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Reservoirs; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Models, Biological; Mouth Mucosa; Pandemics; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Periodontal Pocket; Pneumonia, Viral; Receptors, Virus; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32504927
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109907