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Scientific Reports Sep 2021This study aimed to explore factors associating with disability, which means physical impairment affecting a person's mobility, capacity, stamina, or agility, of...
This study aimed to explore factors associating with disability, which means physical impairment affecting a person's mobility, capacity, stamina, or agility, of non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) of the acute and non-acute groups. Two hundred thirty-five patients with NSLBP of less than 8 weeks' duration as acute groups (n = 124) and more than 8 weeks' duration as non-acute group (n = 111) were recruited. It was collected data on pain intensity, disability and psychosocial factors, including pain catastrophising, fear of movement and pain self-efficacy. Disability was measured Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to analyse factors associating with disability of the acute and non-acute groups. The Result was that explanatory power increased with each additional variable of the order of demographic characteristics, pain intensity and psychosocial factors for both groups. Pain intensity, pain catastrophising and pain self-efficacy had significant explanatory power, with pain self-efficacy having the most significant association on the acute group. Only pain self-efficacy having the most significant association on disability of the non-acute group. In conclusion, the factors associating with disability differed depending on the duration of the disease, and pain self-efficacy might be one of the factors associating with disability of patients with NSLBP.
Topics: Catastrophization; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Low Back Pain; Male; Middle Aged; Pain Measurement; Psychology; Risk Factors; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 34521894
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97569-w -
Scandinavian Journal of Public Health Aug 2021This report reviews major laws, acts and regulations of social benefits and services for individuals with disabilities, focusing on cerebral palsy in the five Nordic... (Review)
Review
AIMS
This report reviews major laws, acts and regulations of social benefits and services for individuals with disabilities, focusing on cerebral palsy in the five Nordic countries. It summarizes the available benefits and services and the re-application process and provides comparative analyses among the countries.
METHODS
Published reports, articles and relevant government and municipal websites were reviewed for each respective country and used to compile an overview and comparison between the countries.
RESULTS
In the Nordic countries, there are a number of laws and regulations in place to support individuals with cerebral palsy and their families. In addition, there are numerous social benefits available for which individuals with disabilities can apply. Although there are national differences, the similarities across the five countries regarding laws, social benefits offered for individuals with cerebral palsy and the application processes are clear. However, the application processes seem cumbersome and, at times, redundant. Physicians and other healthcare specialists repeatedly need to write 'medical certificates' describing the diagnosis and its consequences for a disability that is chronic and lifelong.
CONCLUSIONS
Participation in society for individuals with cerebral palsy disabilities can be enabled by social benefits. By extension, social benefits may indirectly have implications for public health in individuals with disabilities. Although the lives of individuals with cerebral palsy - as with others - can improve in certain areas, the need for social benefits will generally increase, not decrease, over time. Although it is clearly important to have checks and balances that prevent system misuse, it might be worthwhile from a cost-benefit perspective to investigate whether the current systems could be improved to better manage time and resources and avoid emotional distress by streamlining the application process.
Topics: Cerebral Palsy; Disabled Persons; Humans; Scandinavian and Nordic Countries; Social Welfare
PubMed: 33323047
DOI: 10.1177/1403494820974564 -
Health Services Research Jun 2020To examine the effects of transition challenges on the success and timeliness of transitions from institutions to community living for long-stay participants in the...
OBJECTIVE
To examine the effects of transition challenges on the success and timeliness of transitions from institutions to community living for long-stay participants in the Money Follows the Person (MFP) Rebalancing Demonstration and determine whether outcomes vary by age and disability.
DATA SOURCE
Secondary data on transition challenges for individuals enrolled in Connecticut's MFP program between December 2008 and December 2017.
STUDY DESIGN
Challenges were analyzed for older adults, people with mental health disability, and people with physical disability. Bivariate and multivariate analyses investigated which transition challenges and selected demographic variables predict transition versus closure and length of transition period for each group.
DATA EXTRACTION METHODS
The sample includes 3506 persons who attempted transition from institutions to community living and whose case concluded with transition or closure from 2015 to 2017.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
The association between most transition challenges and the ability of long-stay institutional residents to return to the community, and to do so in a timely manner, varies significantly among older adults and younger persons with physical or mental health disabilities. For all groups, however, consumer engagement challenges predicted closure without transition (OR: 1.3-3.9) and housing challenges predicted longer transition periods (84-132 days). Length of institutional stay was associated with both outcomes for older adults and persons with physical disability. Other challenges, such as issues with services and supports, differed among the three groups on both outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Knowledge of the effects of transition challenges on success and timeliness of transition for each group allows program managers and health and service providers to focus resources on addressing the most serious challenges. Particular emphasis should be placed on consumer engagement and housing challenges, and on targeting persons for transition early in their institutional stay. Federal and state transition programs can benefit by individualizing supports for residents to yield successful outcomes.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Connecticut; Disabled Persons; Female; Housing; Humans; Male; Patient Care Team; Persons with Mental Disabilities; Residential Facilities; Social Work; Time Factors
PubMed: 31989595
DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13267 -
European Journal of Physical and... Apr 2024The development of International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Core Sets greatly enhances the global recognition of health conditions,...
Development of core sets for deafblindness: an international expert survey on functioning and disability of individuals living with deafblindness using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health.
BACKGROUND
The development of International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Core Sets greatly enhances the global recognition of health conditions, thereby advancing research, education, and care provision. Aside from the work of researchers, and the viewpoint of persons with lived experience, the development of Core Sets for deafblindness needs to include the viewpoints of professionals with expertise unique to this condition.
AIM
To represent the perspective of health and social service expert professionals in the development of ICF Core Sets for deafblindness.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional cohort study.
SETTING
Global online survey representing all six regions of the World Health Organization.
POPULATION
One hundred and five professionals providing and health or social service to individuals living with deafblindness with a minimum of 2 years of work experience with this population.
METHODS
An online survey was distributed through professional networks and social media for individuals working with persons living with deafblindness. Demographic items were summarized using descriptive statistics. Six open-ended questions explored the perceptions of body functions and structures that influence activities and participation, as well as environmental and personal factors that facilitate functioning. Data were linked to the ICF codes using established linking rules and procedures.
RESULTS
The 2934 survey response units were linked using IFC categories. Of the 421 unique categories, 133 were used by 5% or more of respondents. Most categories within the Activities and Participation component were equally emphasized. The most frequent Environmental factors were support and relationships, services, systems, and policies, as well as and the physical environment (e.g., hearing aids or noise). Mental functions, including higher level cognitive functions, temperament and personality were frequently emphasized.
CONCLUSIONS
Almost three quarters (73.3%) of the entire ICF classification categories were included in the expert survey results. This proportion emphasizes the importance of a multidimensional tool, such as the ICF, for assessing functioning and health for persons with deafblindness.
CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT
The representation of this professional perspective in Core Set development will improve standardized assessment and documentation, intervention planning, and facilitate interprofessional communication with the goal of improving person-centered care for persons living with deafblindness.
Topics: Humans; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; Cross-Sectional Studies; Deaf-Blind Disorders; Disabled Persons; Surveys and Questionnaires; Disability Evaluation; Activities of Daily Living
PubMed: 38502555
DOI: 10.23736/S1973-9087.24.08188-7 -
BMC Public Health Nov 2011Since 1986, the study of disability in Spain has been mainly addressed by National Disability Surveys (NDSs). While international attempts to frame NDS designs within...
BACKGROUND
Since 1986, the study of disability in Spain has been mainly addressed by National Disability Surveys (NDSs). While international attempts to frame NDS designs within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) have progressed, in general, the ICF has hardly been used in either the NDS or epidemiological studies. This study sought to identify ICF Activity- and Participation-related content in the most recent Spanish NDS, the 2008 Survey on Disabilities, Independence and Dependency Situations (Encuesta sobre discapacidades, autonomía personal y situaciones de Dependencia - EDAD 2008), and estimate the prevalence of such ICF-framed disability.
METHODS
EDAD 2008 methods and questions were perused. Of the 51 EDAD items analysed, 29 were backcoded to specific d2-d7 domains of the ICF Checklist and, by rating the recorded difficulty to perform specific tasks with or without help, these were then taken as performance and capacity respectively. A global ICF score was also derived, albeit lacking data for d1, "Learning and applying knowledge", d8, "Major Life Areas" and d9, "Community, Social and Civic Life". Data were grouped by sex, age, residence and initial positive screening, and prevalence figures were calculated by disability level both for the general population, using the originally designed weights, and for the population that had screened positive to disability. Data for institutionalised persons were processed separately.
RESULTS
Crude prevalence of ICF severe/complete and moderate disability among the community-dwelling population aged ≥6 years was 0.9%-2.2% respectively, and that of severe/complete disability among persons living in sheltered accommodation was 0.3%.Prevalence of severe/complete disability was: higher in women than in men, 0.8% vs. 0.4%; increased with age; and was particularly high in domains such as "Domestic Life", 3.4%, "Mobility", 1.8%, and "Self-care", 1.9%, in which prevalence decreased when measured by reference to performance. Moreover, global scores indicated that severe/complete disability in these same domains was frequent among the moderately disabled group.
CONCLUSIONS
The EDAD 2008 affords an insufficient data set to be ICF-framed when it comes to the Activity and Participation domains. Notwithstanding their unknown validity, ratings for available ICF domains may, however, be suitable for consideration under the ADL model of functional dependency, suggesting that there are approximately 500,000 persons suffering from severe/complete disability and 1,000,000 suffering from moderate disability, with half the latter being severely disabled in domains capable of benefiting from technical or personal aid. Application of EDAD data to the planning of services for regions and other subpopulations means that need for personal help must be assessed, unmet needs ascertained, and knowledge of social participation and support, particularly for the mentally ill, improved. International, WHO-supported co-operation in ICF planning and use of NDSs in Spain and other countries is needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Checklist; Child; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Spain; World Health Organization; Young Adult
PubMed: 22122806
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-897 -
PloS One 2015To investigate the association between intelligence and disability pension due to mental, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and substance-use disorders among men and...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between intelligence and disability pension due to mental, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and substance-use disorders among men and women, and to assess the role of childhood social factors and adulthood work characteristics.
METHODS
Two random samples of men and women born 1948 and 1953 (n = 10 563 and 9 434), and tested for general intelligence at age 13, were followed in registers for disability pension until 2009. Physical and psychological strains in adulthood were assessed using job exposure matrices. Associations were examined using Cox proportional hazard regression models, with increases in rates reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) per decrease in stanine intelligence.
RESULTS
In both men and women increased risks were found for disability pension due to all causes, musculoskeletal disorder, mental disorder other than substance use, and cardiovascular disease as intelligence decreased. Increased risk was also found for substance use disorder in men. In multivariate models, HRs were attenuated after controlling for pre-school plans in adolescence, and low job control and high physical strain in adulthood. In the fully adjusted model, increased HRs remained for all causes (male HR 1.11, 95%CI 1.07-1.15, female HR 1.06, 95%CI 1.02-1.09) and musculoskeletal disorder (male HR 1.16, 95%CI 1.09-1.24, female HR 1.08, 95%CI 1.03-1.14) during 1986 to 2009.
CONCLUSION
Relatively low childhood intelligence is associated with increased risk of disability pension due to musculoskeletal disorder in both men and women, even after adjustment for risk factors for disability pension measured over the life course.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Intelligence; Male; Middle Aged; Pensions; Socioeconomic Factors; Sweden; Young Adult
PubMed: 26062026
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128834 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Jan 2020
Topics: Adult; Child; Disabled Children; Disabled Persons; Humans; Rehabilitation; Social Participation
PubMed: 31797359
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14399 -
Australasian Psychiatry : Bulletin of... Apr 2023The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) was introduced in 2013 and offered a new way of providing support to people with permanent and significant disabilities....
OBJECTIVES
The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) was introduced in 2013 and offered a new way of providing support to people with permanent and significant disabilities. Despite pilot testing, implementation of the scheme has been challenging, particularly for people with a disability arising from a mental health condition. In 2019, to address the challenge of accessing the NDIS, researchers from Flinders University worked with the National Disability Insurance Agency (NDIA) to develop a streamlined access process for psychosocial disability. The aim of this paper is to provide guidance on the evidence required to demonstrate that a person has a significant and persistent psychosocial disability to access the NDIS.
CONCLUSION
Providing evidence for a psychosocial disability requires knowledge of how to address the disability requirements. The Evidence of Psychosocial Disability (EPD) form has been designed to address these requirements and offers guidance on the evidence that should be provided. A range of resources to accompany the EPD form are freely available online. These resources address a significant knowledge gap that currently exists with the implementation of the NDIS.
Topics: Humans; Disabled Persons; Insurance, Disability; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 36752271
DOI: 10.1177/10398562231154117 -
British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen... Mar 2020Person-first thinking makes it a virtue to 'see the person, not the disability', overlooking, or making an effort to overlook, a person's impairment in order to see 'the...
Person-first thinking makes it a virtue to 'see the person, not the disability', overlooking, or making an effort to overlook, a person's impairment in order to see 'the person within'. This might seem a caring and compassionate approach in everyday nursing practice, but on closer examination it can be seen as unhelpful and even discriminatory. This article considers why this should be the case and introduces the affirmation model as a basis for a different way of thinking about the issue.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Empathy; Humans; Morals; Philosophy, Nursing; Principle-Based Ethics
PubMed: 32167808
DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2020.29.5.314 -
JAMA Network Open Oct 2021This cross-sectional study uses data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to examine the most recent estimates of disability prevalence among adults...
This cross-sectional study uses data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to examine the most recent estimates of disability prevalence among adults in the US.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 34673966
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30358