-
Psychology & Health May 2024To examine the association between personality traits, defined by the Five-Factor Model, and the initiation and termination of physical activity across adulthood. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between personality traits, defined by the Five-Factor Model, and the initiation and termination of physical activity across adulthood.
DESIGN
Longitudinal analysis of participants from nine samples (N > 28,000).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Physical activity status at follow-up.
RESULTS
A random-effect meta-analysis revealed that higher conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness were related to a higher likelihood of initiation of physical activity over time among individuals who were physically inactive at baseline and to a lower risk of termination of physical activity among those who were physically active at baseline. In contrast, higher neuroticism was associated with a lower probability of initiation of physical activity and a higher likelihood of termination over time. Although not hypothesised, agreeableness was also associated with better physical activity outcomes over time.
CONCLUSION
This study provides the largest and the longest evidence of a replicable association between personality and change in physical activity status. Personality may motivate both the initiation and termination of physical activity.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Personality; Neuroticism; Exercise; Cognition; Extraversion, Psychological; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 35765986
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2092866 -
Journal of Personality and Social... Oct 2017Using data from 2 large and overlapping cohorts of Dutch adolescents, containing up to 7 waves of longitudinal data each (N = 2,230), the present study examined Big Five...
Using data from 2 large and overlapping cohorts of Dutch adolescents, containing up to 7 waves of longitudinal data each (N = 2,230), the present study examined Big Five personality trait stability, change, and codevelopment in friendship and sibling dyads from age 12 to 22. Four findings stand out. First, the 1-year rank-order stability of personality traits was already substantial at age 12, increased strongly from early through middle adolescence, and remained rather stable during late adolescence and early adulthood. Second, we found linear mean-level increases in girls' conscientiousness, in both genders' agreeableness, and in boys' openness. We also found temporal dips (i.e., U-shaped mean-level change) in boys' conscientiousness and in girls' emotional stability and extraversion. We did not find a mean-level change in boys' emotional stability and extraversion, and we found an increase followed by a decrease in girls' openness. Third, adolescents showed substantial individual differences in the degree and direction of personality trait changes, especially with respect to conscientiousness, extraversion, and emotional stability. Fourth, we found no evidence for personality trait convergence, for correlated change, or for time-lagged partner effects in dyadic friendship and sibling relationships. This lack of evidence for dyadic codevelopment suggests that adolescent friends and siblings tend to change independently from each other and that their shared experiences do not have uniform influences on their personality traits. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Emotions; Female; Friends; Human Development; Humans; Individuality; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Netherlands; Personality; Personality Assessment; Personality Disorders; Sex Factors; Sibling Relations; Young Adult
PubMed: 28253001
DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000138 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022Nurses' life satisfaction (LS) predicts their health and the level of care they provide to patients, thus policies for promoting quality of nurses' work require actions...
Nurses' life satisfaction (LS) predicts their health and the level of care they provide to patients, thus policies for promoting quality of nurses' work require actions to increase their LS. The aim of this study was to examine relations between LS and two levels of personality (traits and values) among Polish nurses, including joint effects of traits and values in a model integrating all variables to check whether meta-values can mediate trait-LS relationships. Nurses ( = 155) aged 23-64 completed the NEO-FFI, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and PVQ40. LS correlated with all traits, with openness higher than usual (0.34), and positively associated with meta-values: openness to change (0.23), self-transcendence (0.30), and ('unhealthy') conservation (0.19). Trait-value consistency was insufficient to explain some trait-value associations. In the SEM analysis, 23.3% of LS variance was explained. LS was related directly to neuroticism negatively and positively not only to extraversion, but also to openness, and self-transcendence meta-value (that increased value-environment congruence), and indirectly positively (through self-transcendence) to openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and even neuroticism. These results indicate that promoting nurses' health and quality of work by enhancing their LS requires supporting and increasing their identification with self-transcendence values and encourage research on factors that can increase it.
Topics: Humans; Personal Satisfaction; Poland; Personality; Personality Inventory; Extraversion, Psychological
PubMed: 36294073
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013493 -
Psychiatria Polska Oct 2019Arterial hypertension may lead to the development of organ changes. This study compares different personality traits in hypertensive patients with and without left... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
Arterial hypertension may lead to the development of organ changes. This study compares different personality traits in hypertensive patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy and arterial stiffness.
METHODS
The study group consisted of 93 subjects (47 males and 46 females) with primary hypertension. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were evaluated and used as markers of cardiac and vascular damage. Personality traits of each patient were assessed using three psychometric tools: NEO-FFI, DS14 and EAS.
RESULTS
Patients with increased PWV scored significantly lower than individuals with normal PWVin the following scales: NEO-FFI Neuroticism (18 vs. 27.5; p = 0.018), DS14 Negative affectivity (11.5 vs. 17; p = 0.035) and EAS Fear (10 vs. 13; p = 0.004). Subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy (increased LVMI values) presented lower levels of openness to experience (measured by the NEO-FFI) than persons with normal LVMI values (23 vs. 26; p = 0.027).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that there are significant differences in personality traits between hypertensive patients with and without vascular and cardiac damage.
Topics: Adult; Blood Flow Velocity; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Inhibition, Psychological; Male; Middle Aged; Personality; Prognosis; Pulsatile Flow; Vascular Stiffness; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 31955182
DOI: 10.12740/PP/108453 -
PloS One 2022Five-factor model personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) are thought to be relatively impervious to environmental...
Five-factor model personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) are thought to be relatively impervious to environmental demands in adulthood. The coronavirus pandemic is an unprecedented opportunity to examine whether personality changed during a stressful global event. Surprisingly, two previous studies found that neuroticism decreased early in the pandemic, whereas there was less evidence for change in the other four traits during this period. The present research used longitudinal assessments of personality from the Understanding America Study (N = 7,109; 18,623 assessments) to examine personality changes relatively earlier (2020) and later (2021-2022) in the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic levels. Replicating the two previous studies, neuroticism declined very slightly in 2020 compared to pre-pandemic levels; there were no changes in the other four traits. When personality was measured in 2021-2022, however, there was no significant change in neuroticism compared to pre-pandemic levels, but there were significant small declines in extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The changes were about one-tenth of a standard deviation, which is equivalent to about one decade of normative personality change. These changes were moderated by age and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, but not race or education. Strikingly, younger adults showed disrupted maturity in that they increased in neuroticism and declined in agreeableness and conscientiousness. Current evidence suggests the slight decrease in neuroticism early in the pandemic was short-lived and detrimental changes in the other traits emerged over time. If these changes are enduring, this evidence suggests population-wide stressful events can slightly bend the trajectory of personality, especially in younger adults.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Neuroticism; Pandemics; Personality; Personality Disorders; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 36170324
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274542 -
Journal of Personality and Social... Mar 2009The present research investigated the longitudinal relations between personality traits and narratives. Specifically, the authors examined how individual differences in...
The present research investigated the longitudinal relations between personality traits and narratives. Specifically, the authors examined how individual differences in 170 college students' narratives of personality change (a) were predicted by personality traits at the beginning of college, (b) related to actual changes and perceived changes in personality traits during college, and (c) related to changes in emotional health during college. Individual differences in narratives of personality trait change told in the 4th year of college fell into 2 dimensions: affective processing, characterized by positive emotions, and exploratory processing, characterized by meaning making and causal processing. Conscientious, open, and extraverted freshmen told exploratory stories of change as seniors. Emotionally healthy freshmen told stories of change that were high in positive affect. Both positive affective and exploratory stories corresponded to change in emotional stability and conscientiousness during college above and beyond the effects of perceived changes in these traits. In addition, both positive affective and exploratory narratives corresponded to increases in emotional health during college independent of the effects of changes in personality traits. These findings improve our understanding of how individuals conceptualize their changing identity over time.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; California; Emotions; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Individuality; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mental Health; Mental Processes; Personality; Self Concept; Self Disclosure; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 19254112
DOI: 10.1037/a0014611 -
Journal of the American Medical... Feb 2019To examine changes in personality in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia as observed by family members using both new data and a meta-analysis... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To examine changes in personality in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia as observed by family members using both new data and a meta-analysis with the published literature.
DESIGN
Current and retrospective personality assessments of individuals with dementia by family informants. PubMed was searched for studies with a similar design and a forward citation tracking was conducted using Google Scholar in June 2018. Results from a new sample and from published studies were combined in a random effect meta-analysis.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
Family members of older adults with MCI or dementia.
MEASURES
The 5 major dimensions (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and facets of personality were assessed with NEO Personality Inventory questionnaires.
RESULTS
The new sample (n = 50) and meta-analysis (18 samples; n = 542) found consistent shifts in personality from the premorbid to current state in patients with cognitive impairment. The largest changes (>1 standard deviation) were declines in conscientiousness (particularly for the facets of self-discipline and competence) and extraversion (decreased energy and assertiveness), as well as increases in neuroticism (increased vulnerability to stress). The new sample suggested that personality changes were larger in individuals taking cognition-enhancing medications (cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine). More recent studies and those that examined individuals with MCI found smaller effects.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Consistent with the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of dementia, the new study and meta-analysis found replicable evidence for large changes in personality among individuals with dementia. Future research should examine whether there are different patterns of personality changes across etiologies of dementia to inform differential diagnosis and treatments. Prospective, repeated assessments of personality using both self- and informant-reports are essential to clarify the temporal evolution of personality change across the preclinical, prodromal, and clinical phases of dementia.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Dementia; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Personality; Personality Inventory; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 30630729
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.11.004 -
Developmental Psychology Jun 2018The early years of marriage are a time of significant personal and relational changes as partners adjust to their new roles, but the specific ways that spouses'...
The early years of marriage are a time of significant personal and relational changes as partners adjust to their new roles, but the specific ways that spouses' personalities may change in early marriage and how these changes are associated with spouses' marital satisfaction trajectories have been overlooked. Using 3 waves of data collected over the first 18 months of marriage (N = 338 spouses, or 169 heterosexual newlywed marriages), we examined changes in spouses' self-reported Big 5 personality traits over time and the association between initial levels and changes in personality and spouses' concurrent marital satisfaction trajectories. Results indicated significant changes in personality over time, including declines in agreeableness for husbands and for wives, declines in extraversion for husbands, declines in openness and neuroticism for wives, and increases in conscientiousness for husbands. These results did not differ by spouses' age, demographics, relationship length prior to marriage, cohabitation prior to marriage, initial marital satisfaction, or parenthood status. Initial levels of personality as well as changes in personality over time were associated with spouses' marital satisfaction trajectories. Taken together, these findings indicate that newlywed spouses' personalities undergo meaningful changes during the newlywed years and these changes are associated with changes in spouses' marital satisfaction. Further research is needed to understand the processes underlying changes in personality early in marriage and to examine the mechanisms linking changes in personality and changes in marital satisfaction. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Marriage; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Personality Assessment; Spouses
PubMed: 29251970
DOI: 10.1037/dev0000491 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series B,... Jan 2021Personality traits have been related to concurrent memory performance. Most studies, however, have focused on personality as a predictor of memory; comparatively less is...
OBJECTIVES
Personality traits have been related to concurrent memory performance. Most studies, however, have focused on personality as a predictor of memory; comparatively less is known about whether memory is related to personality development across adulthood. Using 4 samples, the present study tests whether memory level and change are related to personality change in adulthood.
METHOD
Participants were drawn from 2 waves of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study Graduates (WLSG; N = 3,232, mean age = 64.28, SD = 0.65) and Wisconsin Longitudinal Study Siblings (WLSS; N = 1,570, mean age = 63.52, SD = 6.69) samples, the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS; N = 1,901, mean age = 55.43, SD = 10.98), and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 6,038, mean age = 65.47, SD = 8.28). Immediate and delayed recall and the 5 major personality traits were assessed at baseline and follow-up.
RESULTS
There was heterogeneity in the associations across samples. A meta-analysis of latent change in the four samples indicated that lower baseline memory performance was related to an increase in neuroticism (B = -0.002; 95% CI = -0.004, -0.0008) and a decrease in agreeableness (B = 0.004; 95% CI = 0.002, 0.007) and conscientiousness (B = 0.005; 95% CI = 0.0008, 0.010). In addition, declines in memory were related to steeper declines in extraversion (B = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.003, 0.11), openness (B = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.007, 0.069), and conscientiousness (B = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.019, 0.09).
DISCUSSION
The present study indicates that poor memory and declines in memory over time are related to maladaptive personality change. These associations, however, were small and inconsistent across samples.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Extraversion, Psychological; Female; Human Development; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Mental Recall; Middle Aged; Neuroticism; Personality; Personality Development; United States
PubMed: 32896862
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa086 -
Personality Disorders Oct 2017Individuals with a personality disorder (PD) tend to experience more negative life events (NLEs) than positive life events (PLEs). In community samples, the Five Factor...
Individuals with a personality disorder (PD) tend to experience more negative life events (NLEs) than positive life events (PLEs). In community samples, the Five Factor Model of personality (FFM) predicts both positive and negative life events. The present research examined whether FFM normal personality traits were associated with positive and negative life events among individuals with 1 of 4 PDs: avoidant, borderline, schizotypal, and obsessive-compulsive, and tested whether associations between the FFM of personality and PLEs and NLEs were similar across the 4 PD groups and a control group. Among aggregated PDs, neuroticism was positively associated with NLEs, whereas extraversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness were positively associated with PLEs. Comparisons of each PD group to a control group of individuals with a major depressive disorder indicated that the FFM traits operated similarly across clinical samples with and without PD. Our findings indicate that normal personality traits can be used to help understand the lives of individuals with PD. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Life Change Events; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Psychological; Personality; Personality Disorders; Young Adult
PubMed: 27797543
DOI: 10.1037/per0000214