-
Developmental Psychology May 2014We describe 2 frameworks in which personality dimensions relevant to health, such as Conscientiousness, can be used to inform interventions designed to promote health... (Review)
Review
We describe 2 frameworks in which personality dimensions relevant to health, such as Conscientiousness, can be used to inform interventions designed to promote health aging. First, contemporary data and theory do not suggest that personality is "immutable," but instead focus on questions of who changes, in what way, why, when, and how. In fact, the notion that personality could be changed was part and parcel of many schools of psychotherapy, which suggested that long-term and meaningful change in symptoms could not be achieved without change in relevant aspects of personality. We review intervention research documenting change in personality. On the basis of an integrative view of personality as a complex system, we describe a bottom-up model of change in which interventions to change basic personality processes eventuate in changes at the trait level. A 2nd framework leverages the descriptive and predictive power of personality to tailor individual risk prediction and treatment, as well as refine public health programs, to the relevant dispositional characteristics of the target population. These methods dovetail with, and add a systematic and rigorous psychosocial dimension to, the personalized medicine and patient-centeredness movements in medicine. In addition to improving health through earlier intervention and increased fit between treatments and persons, cost-effectiveness improvements can be realized by more accurate resource allocation. Numerous examples from the personality, health, and aging literature on Conscientiousness and other traits are provided throughout, and we conclude with a series of recommendations for research in these emerging areas.
Topics: Aging; Health; Health Communication; Human Development; Humans; Models, Psychological; National Institute on Aging (U.S.); Personality; Precision Medicine; Public Health Practice; United States
PubMed: 23978300
DOI: 10.1037/a0034135 -
Journal of Personality Aug 2019Differences in myelination in the cortical mantle are important neurobiological mediators of variability in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning. Past...
OBJECTIVE
Differences in myelination in the cortical mantle are important neurobiological mediators of variability in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning. Past studies have found that personality traits reflecting such variability are linked to neuroanatomical and functional changes in prefrontal and temporo-parietal cortices. Whether these effects are partially mediated by the differences in intra-cortical myelin remains to be established.
METHOD
To test this hypothesis, we employed vertex-wise intra-cortical myelin maps in n = 1,003 people from the Human Connectome Project. Multivariate regression analyses were used to test for the relationship between intra-cortical myelin and each of the five-factor model's personality traits, while accounting for age, sex, intelligence quotient, total intracranial volume, and the remaining personality traits.
RESULTS
Neuroticism negatively related to frontal-pole myelin and positively to occipital cortex myelin. Extraversion positively related to superior parietal myelin. Openness negatively related to anterior cingulate myelin, while Agreeableness positively related to orbitofrontal myelin. Conscientiousness positively related to frontal-pole myelin and negatively to myelin content in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex.
CONCLUSIONS
Intra-cortical myelin levels in brain regions with prolonged myelination are positively associated with personality traits linked to favorable outcome measures. These findings improve our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of variability in common behavioral dispositions.
Topics: Adult; Cerebral Cortex; Extraversion, Psychological; Female; Humans; Individuality; Male; Myelin Sheath; Neuroticism; Personality
PubMed: 30317636
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12442 -
Investigations of Personality Trait in Subacute Post-Stroke Patients: Some Preliminary Observations.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2022Personality change is an important psychiatric complication following stroke linked to severe affective dysregulation and behavioral alterations.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Personality change is an important psychiatric complication following stroke linked to severe affective dysregulation and behavioral alterations.
METHODS
We investigated personality traits in 20 patients (age 45.37 ± 13.41 years) with subacute stroke submitted to rehabilitation training within 1-3 months after a first-onset stroke. All patients underwent psychological evaluation by using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 for adults (PID-5), a specific instrument that enables traits (dimensions and facets) to be assessed by providing a personality profile, and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems 47 (IIP-47), a brief and valid self-report measure for screening personality disorders.
RESULTS
Personality change was identified by a positive correlation IIP-47 and PID-5 (r = 0.76; = 0.03). Our patients, after a stroke, presented maladaptive personality traits associated with negative affect such as anxiety, emotional lability, and rigid perfectionism, and they reported interpersonal problems. These negative affective disorders correlated positively with cluster C personality disorders, including the avoidant, dependent, and obsessive compulsive personality disorders.
CONCLUSION
Preliminary results show personality changes in stroke survivors. The evaluation of personality changes could be useful to improve the management of the patient's behavioral alterations in a familiar environment and permit the possibility of prevention of psychological distress of the patients and their respective caregivers.
Topics: Adult; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Middle Aged; Mood Disorders; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 35630100
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050683 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Dec 2010The ecological factors responsible for the evolution of individual differences in animal personality (consistent individual differences in the same behaviour across time... (Review)
Review
The ecological factors responsible for the evolution of individual differences in animal personality (consistent individual differences in the same behaviour across time and contexts) are currently the subject of intense debate. A limited number of ecological factors have been investigated to date, with most attention focusing on the roles of resource competition and predation. We suggest here that parasitism may play a potentially important, but largely overlooked, role in the evolution of animal personalities. We identify two major routes by which parasites might influence the evolution of animal personality. First, because the risk of acquiring parasites can be influenced by an individual's behavioural type, local parasite regimes may impose selection on personality traits and behavioural syndromes (correlations between personality traits). Second, because parasite infections have consequences for aspects of host 'state', parasites might induce the evolution of individual differences in certain types of host behaviour in populations with endemic infections. Also, because infection often leads to specific changes in axes of personality, parasite infections have the potential to decouple behavioural syndromes. Host-parasite systems therefore provide researchers with valuable tools to study personality variation and behavioural syndromes from a proximate and ultimate perspective.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Behavioral Research; Ecological and Environmental Phenomena; Evolution, Molecular; Feedback, Psychological; Host-Parasite Interactions; Models, Biological; Models, Genetic; Models, Psychological; Parasitic Diseases, Animal; Personality; Phenotype; Selection, Genetic
PubMed: 21078659
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0182 -
Ecology Letters Sep 2019Many plants rely on animals for seed dispersal, but are all individuals equally effective at dispersing seeds? If not, then the loss of certain individual dispersers...
Many plants rely on animals for seed dispersal, but are all individuals equally effective at dispersing seeds? If not, then the loss of certain individual dispersers from populations could have cascade effects on ecosystems. Despite the importance of seed dispersal for forest ecosystems, variation among individual dispersers and whether land-use change interferes with this process remains untested. Through a large-scale field experiment conducted on small mammal seed dispersers, we show that an individual's personality affects its choice of seeds, as well as how distant and where seeds are cached. We also show that anthropogenic habitat modifications shift the distribution of personalities within a population, by increasing the proportion of bold, active, and anxious individuals and in-turn affecting the potential survival and dispersal of seeds. We demonstrate that preserving diverse personality types within a population is critical for maintaining the key ecosystem function of seed dispersal.
Topics: Animals; Appetitive Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Forests; Personality; Rodentia; Seed Dispersal; Seeds; Trees
PubMed: 31207017
DOI: 10.1111/ele.13324 -
PloS One 2021In Europe and America, associations between personality traits and body-mass index (BMI) have been reported. However, in Japan, the association between personality...
In Europe and America, associations between personality traits and body-mass index (BMI) have been reported. However, in Japan, the association between personality traits and BMI (i.e., thinness and obesity) has not been well studied. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) personality traits and changes in BMI status among Japanese students during their university attendance. We measured the height and weight of 5,340 students in a Japanese university during annual medical checkups and calculated their BMI. The students' personality traits were measured using the short Japanese version of the TCI at university admission. The participants were divided into seven groups based on how BMI changed from the first year to the fourth year at university. In men, compared to the group that maintained normal BMI status (N = 2,189) over time (i.e., the control group), the group that maintained thinness status (N = 226) were lower in Reward Dependence, and the group whose status improved from thinness to normal (N = 117) were higher in Harm Avoidance. In women, compared with the control group (N = 1,510), the group that maintained thinness status (N = 302) was lower in Novelty Seeking, and the group whose status worsened from normal to thinness (N = 127) was higher in Harm Avoidance. Weak associations were found between thinness and TCI personality traits among Japanese university students. Further elaboration of the relationship between obesity or thinness and personality traits may help to provide effective preventive interventions in these areas.
Topics: Adolescent; Asian People; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Japan; Male; Personality; Personality Inventory; Students; Temperament; Universities
PubMed: 33750962
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248833 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2022Internet-related disorders (IRD) are increasingly becoming a major health issue. IRD are defined as the predominant use of online content, related to a loss of control...
Internet-related disorders (IRD) are increasingly becoming a major health issue. IRD are defined as the predominant use of online content, related to a loss of control and continued use despite negative consequences. Despite findings from cross-sectional studies, the causality of pathways accelerating the development of IRD are unclear. While etiological models emphasize the role of personality as risk factor, mutual influences between IRD and personality have not been examined. A prospective study with two assessments was conducted with = 941 adolescents (mean age of 13.1 years; 10-17 years). Our aim was to validate etiological assumptions and to examine the effects of IRD-symptoms on the maturation of personality. IRD were measured with the Scale of the Assessment of Internet and Computer game Addiction (AICA-S). Personality traits were assessed using the Brief Five Factor Inventory (BFI). Conscientiousness and neuroticism were predictive for IRD symptoms one year later, and were likewise prone to changes depending on incidence or remission of IRD. Conscientiousness and openness moderated the course of IRD symptoms. Our findings point to complex trait-pathology associations. Personality influences the risk of development and maintenance of IRD symptoms and pre-existing IRD-symptoms affect the development of personality. Adaptations to etiological models are discussed and perspectives for novel intervention strategies are suggested.
Topics: Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Germany; Humans; Internet; Personality; Personality Development; Personality Inventory; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35010787
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010529 -
Journal of Developmental and Behavioral... Jun 2005Most temperament theories presume a biological basis to those behavioral tendencies thought to be temperamental in origin. Behavioral genetic methods can be used to test... (Review)
Review
Most temperament theories presume a biological basis to those behavioral tendencies thought to be temperamental in origin. Behavioral genetic methods can be used to test this assumption. Twin and adoption studies suggest that individual differences in infant and child temperament are genetically influenced. However, behavioral genetics has much more to offer to the study of temperament than simple heritability estimates. The present paper describes some recent findings from behavioral genetics research in temperament that go well beyond the basic nature-nurture question. These findings include the importance of nonshared environmental influences on temperament, genetic continuity and environmental change during development, links between temperament and behavior problems, and harnessing the power of molecular genetics to identify specific genes responsible for genetic influence on early temperament.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Follow-Up Studies; Genetics, Behavioral; Genotype; Humans; Individuality; Infant; Personality; Quantitative Trait Loci; Research; Social Environment; Temperament; Twin Studies as Topic; Twins
PubMed: 15956873
DOI: 10.1097/00004703-200506000-00010 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Jun 2021BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the influence of socio-demographic and clinical factors on personality trait expression and their relationship with more...
Influence of the Expression of Personality Traits on Growing Intensity of Interdialytic Disorders and Change of Pro-Health Behaviors in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the influence of socio-demographic and clinical factors on personality trait expression and their relationship with more intense interdialytic disorders and changes in health behaviors of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 200 participants were recruited for the research (84 women and 116 men; aged 61±12 years): 160 patients had CKD stage G4-G5 and 40 healthy participants constituted a control group. A diagnostic poll method was used in the research employing the following questionnaires to collect socio-demographic and clinical data: Health Behavior Inventory (IZZ), Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Researcher's Questionnaire Test. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found in the intensity of personal traits at different stages of treatment. The influence of factors resulting from CKD on the expression of personality traits increased with subsequent stages of treatment. Depression intensity was not connected with the expression of personality traits. A higher frequency of reported interdialytic disorders was significantly related to a higher degree of openness and conscientiousness and a lower degree of agreeableness. Increased extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness were significantly correlated with more intense health behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Personalities of patients with CKD changed with subsequent stages of treatment and were influenced by socio-demographic and clinical factors. Personalities affected the frequency of reported interdialytic disorders and health behaviors.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Aged; Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Employment; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Personality; Personality Inventory; Poland; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34108439
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.930151 -
Sleep Health Oct 2021Few sleep promotion programs for adolescents have involved stakeholders as part of the intervention development, which may contribute to their limited accessibility,...
OBJECTIVE
Few sleep promotion programs for adolescents have involved stakeholders as part of the intervention development, which may contribute to their limited accessibility, scalability, acceptability, and feasibility. Specifically asking stakeholders for their input on how to modify factors impacting sleep is critical, as is identifying strategies for motivating sleep behavior change. We report qualitative feedback from stakeholders interested in improving adolescent sleep, data collected specifically to inform the development of an adolescent sleep promotion program.
PARTICIPANTS
We conducted 9 focus groups (3 each for young adults (n = 8, ages 21-25), parents of adolescents (n = 12), and healthcare providers working with adolescents (n = 29) following a semistructured approach.
DESIGN
Participants reported on contributors to good and poor sleep; motivators for improving sleep; strategies for promoting and sustaining behavior change; and feasibility of a proposed sleep promotion program. We coded and thematically analyzed focus group transcripts using inductive and deductive approaches.
RESULTS
Moderate engagement in activities (eg, a job, sports) was seen as a contributor to good sleep, while having too many or too few activities was thought to contribute to poor sleep. Linking improved sleep with personalized outcomes of interest can enhance motivation for changing sleep. Strategies for behavior change should rely on increasing internal motivation, personalizing intervention content, and having parents model desired behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS
Key stakeholders are critical to the development of acceptable interventions that can be implemented effectively in real-world settings. Future work should test whether the identified themes contribute to increased feasibility, scalability, and effectiveness of sleep programs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Focus Groups; Health Personnel; Humans; Motivation; Parents; Sleep; Young Adult
PubMed: 34474988
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2021.07.007