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Journal of Personality Apr 2023This 33-year study examined associations between self-control development in adolescence and forgivingness, i.e., the dispositional tendency to forgive others, in middle...
INTRODUCTION
This 33-year study examined associations between self-control development in adolescence and forgivingness, i.e., the dispositional tendency to forgive others, in middle adulthood.
METHODS
Participants were 1350 adults aged 45 years (50.6% female). Self-control was measured yearly from age 12 to 16, while forgivingness was measured at age 45.
RESULTS
Results indicated significant individual differences in level and change of self-control across the adolescent years and an average mean-level increase. Individual differences in level and change in self-control were independently associated with forgivingness in middle adulthood. Individuals who either entered adolescence with higher self-control, and/or increased in self-control during the adolescent years, reported higher scores in forgivingness at age 45 compared to peers. This pattern held even after controlling for gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and conduct problems in adolescence.
CONCLUSION
The current findings demonstrate that developmental processes in adolescence are important for individual differences in the dispositional tendency to forgive others in adulthood.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Personality; Individuality; Self-Control; Social Class; Peer Group; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 35551671
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12735 -
Developmental Neuropsychology Aug 2021Personality changes in older adults with brain disease may be confounded by effects of normal aging. In this cross-sectional study, ratings with the Iowa Scales of...
Personality changes in older adults with brain disease may be confounded by effects of normal aging. In this cross-sectional study, ratings with the Iowa Scales of Personality Change for 62 healthy older adults (OA-H, aged 60+) were compared to matched older adults with brain diseases (OA-BD). OA-H did not show any significant personality changes from middle age to older adulthood. However, between 10% and 20% of OA-H developed a disturbance in , and . Otherwise, the pattern of findings suggesting normal aging effects on personality disturbances in clinical groups are generally minimal.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Iowa; Middle Aged; Personality; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 34283684
DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2021.1956500 -
Journal of Parkinson's Disease 2022While deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) significantly improves motor deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), it is still unclear... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
While deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) significantly improves motor deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), it is still unclear whether it affects personality functioning.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the present study was to examine personality changes in patients with PD after STN-DBS from the perspectives of both the patients and caregivers. Moreover, by assessing the premorbid personalities of the patients, we tried to determine individual vulnerability to STN-DBS-induced personality changes.
METHODS
In total, 27 patients and their caregivers participated in our retrospective observational study. They were asked to assess the patients' personality changes with the Iowa Scale of Personality Changes (ISPC) and the patients' premorbid personalities with the Big Five Inventory (BFI).
RESULTS
Caregivers reported significant personality changes in the ISPC domains of Executive Disturbance (p = 0.01) and Disturbed Social Behavior (p = 0.02). Most of the ISPC domains were positively correlated with Conscientiousness, while Executive Disturbance was negatively correlated with Neuroticism of the BFI scale.
CONCLUSION
Our results show that executive and social functioning are the two most vulnerable domains in patients with PD after STN-DBS, especially in those patients who score higher for neuroticism and lower for conscientiousness on the BFI scale. The results of our study may provide movement disorder specialists with better counseling options and better selection of DBS candidates. Caregivers' perspective might contribute significantly in understanding postoperative personality changes.
Topics: Caregivers; Deep Brain Stimulation; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Personality; Subthalamic Nucleus
PubMed: 35342047
DOI: 10.3233/JPD-212879 -
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Nov 2018To explore whether psilocybin with psychological support modulates personality parameters in patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression (TRD).
OBJECTIVE
To explore whether psilocybin with psychological support modulates personality parameters in patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression (TRD).
METHOD
Twenty patients with moderate or severe, unipolar, TRD received oral psilocybin (10 and 25 mg, one week apart) in a supportive setting. Personality was assessed at baseline and at 3-month follow-up using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), the subjective psilocybin experience with Altered State of Consciousness (ASC) scale, and depressive symptoms with QIDS-SR16.
RESULTS
Neuroticism scores significantly decreased while Extraversion increased following psilocybin therapy. These changes were in the direction of the normative NEO-PI-R data and were both predicted, in an exploratory analysis, by the degree of insightfulness experienced during the psilocybin session. Openness scores also significantly increased following psilocybin, whereas Conscientiousness showed trend-level increases, and Agreeableness did not change.
CONCLUSION
Our observation of changes in personality measures after psilocybin therapy was mostly consistent with reports of personality change in relation to conventional antidepressant treatment, although the pronounced increases in Extraversion and Openness might constitute an effect more specific to psychedelic therapy. This needs further exploration in future controlled studies, as do the brain mechanisms of postpsychedelic personality change.
Topics: Adult; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Extraversion, Psychological; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hallucinogens; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroticism; Personality; Psilocybin
PubMed: 29923178
DOI: 10.1111/acps.12904 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series B,... Jan 2021Within-couple similarities in personality traits tend to be positively associated with relationship well-being. However, research in this area is typically based on...
OBJECTIVES
Within-couple similarities in personality traits tend to be positively associated with relationship well-being. However, research in this area is typically based on cross-sectional designs, thereby limiting examination of longitudinal personality concordance. Given that life experiences shape within-person change in personality, and that partners within a couple often experience similar life events, investigation of within-couple personality synchrony and associations with marital outcomes is warranted.
METHODS
Using data from 3,988 couples (mean age at baseline = 67.0 years, SD = 9.6), multilevel dyadic growth models estimated within-couple similarity in baseline levels, change, and occasion-to-occasion variability for each of the Big Five personality traits over an 8-year follow-up. Bivariate growth models examined the effect of within-couple similarity on perceived spousal support, accounting for dependency within couples.
RESULTS
Adjusting for baseline age, education, functional ability, and relationship length, analyses revealed within-couple concordance between baseline levels of all 5 personality traits, as well as correlated within-couple fluctuations in neuroticism, extraversion, and openness over time. Similarity in openness, agreeableness, and neuroticism trajectories predicted spousal support. Couples were most similar in openness, showing correlated intercepts, change, and variability, and this longitudinal synchrony was particularly important for perceived spousal support in women.
DISCUSSION
These findings provide evidence for longitudinal personality synchrony over time within older adult couples. Further, concordance in neuroticism, extraversion, and openness predicted perceived spousal support, though there may be some gender differences in personality dynamics and relationship well-being. Effects of similarity were relatively small compared to actor and partner effects of these traits.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Extraversion, Psychological; Family Relations; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroticism; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Social Support; Spouses
PubMed: 32931566
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa163 -
Annals of Family Medicine 2021At age 11, my child Neo told me he was a boy and not a girl, as assigned at birth. Despite my training as a child and adolescent psychiatrist, I struggled to accept his...
At age 11, my child Neo told me he was a boy and not a girl, as assigned at birth. Despite my training as a child and adolescent psychiatrist, I struggled to accept his declaration and had to learn how to best support him. He was never a typical girl, but when he decided he was transgender, my husband and I navigated the adjustment to new pronouns, a name change, the transition at school, and telling friends and family. Seeing Neo's sadness and despondency when he was not accepted sparked me to educate myself about medical options for transgender individuals and other ways to be gender affirming. Although I initially felt a sense of loss and hurt about Neo being transgender, these feelings changed to acceptance and pride as I watched Neo change and grow. Neo taught me to challenge societal dichotomies and taught me about how physicians in particular can support families with gender-creative children.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Friends; Gender Identity; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Parenting; Physicians; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 34750131
DOI: 10.1370/afm.2737 -
Journal of Personality Apr 2008We conducted a longitudinal-biometric study examining stability and change in personality from ages 17 to 24 in a community sample of male and female twins. Using...
We conducted a longitudinal-biometric study examining stability and change in personality from ages 17 to 24 in a community sample of male and female twins. Using Tellegen's (in press) Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ), facets of Negative Emotionality (NEM) declined substantially at the mean and individual levels, whereas facets of Constraint (CON) increased over time. Furthermore, individuals in late adolescence who were lowest on NEM and highest on CON remained the most stable over time, whereas those exhibiting the inverse profile (higher NEM, lower CON) changed the most in a direction towards growth and maturity. Analyses of gender differences yielded greater mean-level increases over time for women as compared to men on facets of CON and greater mean-level increases for men than women on facets of Agentic Positive Emotionality (PEM). Biometric analyses revealed rank-order stability in personality to be largely genetic, with rank-order change mediated by both the nonshared environment (and error) as well as genes. Findings correspond with prior evidence of a normative trend toward growth and maturity in personality during emerging adulthood.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Biometry; Female; Humans; Internal-External Control; Interpersonal Relations; Life Style; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Personality; Personality Assessment; Personality Development; Self Concept; Twins
PubMed: 18331280
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00485.x -
AJOB Neuroscience 2023Newer "closed-loop" neurostimulation devices in development could, in theory, induce changes to patients' personalities and self-perceptions. Empirically, however, only...
Newer "closed-loop" neurostimulation devices in development could, in theory, induce changes to patients' personalities and self-perceptions. Empirically, however, only limited data of patient and family experiences exist. Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) as a treatment for refractory epilepsy is the first approved and commercially available closed-loop brain stimulation system in clinical practice, presenting an opportunity to observe how conceptual neuroethical concerns manifest in clinical treatment. We conducted ethnographic research at a single academic medical center with an active RNS treatment program and collected data via direct observation of clinic visits and in-depth interviews with 12 patients and their caregivers. We used deductive and inductive analyses to identify the relationship between these devices and patient changes in personality and self-perception. Participants generally did not attribute changes in patients' personalities or self-perception to implantation of or stimulation using RNS. They did report that RNS affected patients' experiences and conceptions of illness. In particular, the capacity to store and display electrophysiological data produced a common frame of reference and a shared vocabulary among patients and clinicians. Empirical experiences of a clinical population being treated with closed-loop neuromodulation do not corroborate theoretical concerns about RNS devices described by neuroethicists and technology developers. However, closed-loop devices demonstrated an ability to change illness experiences. Even without altering identify and self-perception, they provided new cultural tools and metaphors for conceiving of epilepsy as an illness and of the process of diagnosis and treatment. These findings call attention to the need to situate neuroethical concerns in the broader contexts of patients' illness experiences and social circumstances.
Topics: Humans; Drug Resistant Epilepsy; Deep Brain Stimulation; Epilepsy; Self Concept
PubMed: 34473932
DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2021.1958100 -
Body Image Jun 2023This meta-analysis synthesized longitudinal data on mean-level change in body image, focusing on the constructs of body satisfaction and dissatisfaction, body esteem,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This meta-analysis synthesized longitudinal data on mean-level change in body image, focusing on the constructs of body satisfaction and dissatisfaction, body esteem, perceived attractiveness, valuation, self-objectification, and body shame. We searched five databases and accessed unpublished data to identify studies that assessed body image at two or more time points over six months or longer. Analyses were based on data from 142 samples representing a total of 128,254 participants. The age associated with the midpoint of measurement intervals ranged from 6 to 54 years. Multilevel metaregression models examined standardized yearly mean change, and the potential moderators of body image construct, gender, birth cohort, attrition rate, age, and time lag. Boys and men showed fluctuations in overall body image with net-improvements between ages 10 and 24. Girls and women showed worsening body image between ages 10 and 16, but improvements between ages 16 and 24. Change was greatest between ages 10 and 14, and stabilized around age 24. We found no effect of construct, birth cohort, or attrition rate. Results suggest a need to revise understandings of normative body image development: sensitive periods may occur somewhat earlier than previously believed, and body image may show mean-level improvements during certain age ranges.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Child; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Body Image; Self Concept; Emotions; Shame; Personal Satisfaction
PubMed: 36965235
DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.03.003 -
Journal of Personality Feb 2024One large focus of personality psychology is to understand the biopsychosocial factors responsible for adult personality development and well-being change. However,...
OBJECTIVE
One large focus of personality psychology is to understand the biopsychosocial factors responsible for adult personality development and well-being change. However, little is known about how macro-level contextual factors, such as rurality-urbanicity, are related to personality development and well-being change.
METHOD
The present study uses data from two large longitudinal studies of U.S. Americans (MIDUS, HRS) to examine whether there are rural-urban differences in levels and changes in the Big Five personality traits and well-being (i.e., psychological well-being, and life satisfaction) in adulthood.
RESULTS
Multilevel models showed that Americans who lived in more rural areas tended to have lower levels of openness, conscientiousness, and psychological well-being, and higher levels of neuroticism. With the exception of psychological well-being (which replicated across MIDUS and HRS), rural-urban differences in personality traits were only evident in the HRS sample. The effect of neuroticism was fully robust to the inclusion of socio-demographic and social network covariates, but other effects were partially robust (i.e., conscientiousness and openness) or were not robust at all (i.e., psychological well-being). In both samples, there were no rural-urban differences in Big Five or well-being change.
CONCLUSIONS
We discuss the implications of these findings for personality and rural health research.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Personality; Neuroticism; Personality Disorders; Longitudinal Studies; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 36725776
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12818