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Current Psychiatry Reports Nov 2023Sadistic pleasure-the enjoyment of harm-infliction to others-can have devastating interpersonal and societal consequences. The goal of the current review is to... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Sadistic pleasure-the enjoyment of harm-infliction to others-can have devastating interpersonal and societal consequences. The goal of the current review is to illuminate the nomological net of traits related to sadism. We aim to achieve an understanding of the current empirical status on the link between sadism and personality disorders, psychopathy, the Dark Triad, and basic personality traits in clinical and community-based samples.
RECENT FINDINGS
The field is dominated by self-report studies on the Dark Triad with convenience samples. The link with DSM personality disorders has hardly been empirically studied. Existing evidence shows that sadism is most strongly related to increased psychopathic personality traits. Sadism can originate both from the interpersonal, affective, and behavioural basis of dark personality traits. There are diverging ideas on the differential status between sadism, psychopathy, and other dark traits. Research is needed on the causal impact of the broader range of personality disorders on sadism, in more diverse samples, including behavioural assessments of sadistic pleasure, as well as on the interplay of such personality traits with situational and affective aspects, and victim attitudes.
Topics: Humans; Sadism; Personality Disorders; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Personality
PubMed: 37856033
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01466-0 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Oct 2018The interaction of personality pathology and schizophrenia has conceptually been a topic of considerable interest in psychiatry. Recent advances in taxonomy and... (Review)
Review
The interaction of personality pathology and schizophrenia has conceptually been a topic of considerable interest in psychiatry. Recent advances in taxonomy and assessment of relevance to the clinician and researcher is presented. Cluster A and avoidant personality disorders are regarded as risk factors or antecedents for the development of schizophrenia. Some features of borderline personality disorder may resemble schizophrenia. With both a hierarchical structure and symptom-focused classification systems, personality pathology and personality disorder comorbidities can be overlooked. They can remain untreated because they are seen as part of the psychotic syndrome or superseded. A case formulation of a patient with schizophrenia is likely enriched by considering both these facets and may highlight comorbid personality disorder that warrants independent treatment.
Topics: Comorbidity; Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 29688529
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby053 -
Comprehensive Psychiatry Jan 2016The papers in this special issue offer evidence of personality disorder as a dysfunction of higher-order cognition, which is conceptualized variously as a disorder of... (Review)
Review
The papers in this special issue offer evidence of personality disorder as a dysfunction of higher-order cognition, which is conceptualized variously as a disorder of mentalizing, metacognition, mindfulness, social cognition and reflective function. While there may be differences in the scope of these concepts, they all imply that higher-order mental processing is at the core of personality function. In this commentary, the authors use mentalizing as an umbrella term for these concepts, and argue that it is the complex interaction of adversity, attachment and mentalizing that leads to the characteristic symptoms of borderline personality disorder and other personality disorders. Evidence is provided from the papers in this special issue, comments made on the findings and further avenues for research are recommended.
Topics: Borderline Personality Disorder; Cognition; Humans; Male; Metacognition; Mindfulness; Object Attachment; Personality Disorders; Theory of Mind
PubMed: 26654293
DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.11.006 -
Current Opinion in Psychiatry Jan 2017To explore recent developments in the field of personality disorders and their association with pathological gambling or gambling disorder. The review covers literature... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To explore recent developments in the field of personality disorders and their association with pathological gambling or gambling disorder. The review covers literature published from 2015 to present time (August 2016) to understand the prevalence rates of common personality disorders among pathological gamblers.
RECENT FINDINGS
Commonly seen personality disorders among pathological or problem gamblers represent Cluster B disorders. There are reports indicating prevalence of Clusters A and C personality disorders as well. The rates of personality disorders among pathological gamblers reported in these studies align with Hill's guidelines - Strength, Specificity, Temporality, Biological gradient, Plausibility and Replicability indicating a strong association between pathological gambling and personality disorders. Studies are predominantly cross-sectional and consistently show that the presence of a personality disorder is associated with gambling severity and early age of onset pathological gambling.
SUMMARY
Research on pathological gambling should advance beyond estimating rates of personality disorders and focus on longitudinal research to understand the pathways between personality disorders and onset and severity of pathological gambling.
Topics: Gambling; Humans; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 27798487
DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000300 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Jun 2018In this paper, we review recent findings related to stability and change in personality and personality disorder. Estimates of stability vary depending on a number of... (Review)
Review
In this paper, we review recent findings related to stability and change in personality and personality disorder. Estimates of stability vary depending on a number of methodological and substantive factors. These factors include the type of stability being examined, the type of construct being assessed, the method being used to assess personality, how participants are sampled, and developmental trends in personality stability and change. We describe current evidence about personality stability with respect to each of these factors. We conclude that current gaps in the literature can be filled by more carefully attending to factors that impact estimates of stability and change, and provide recommendations about how future research can fill those gaps.
Topics: Humans; Individuality; Personality Assessment; Personality Development; Personality Disorders; Psychometrics
PubMed: 28923391
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.034 -
Personality and Mental Health Nov 2022Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) poses risk to the neurocognitive, emotional, and financial well-being of affected individuals. While aggression and impulsivity have...
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) poses risk to the neurocognitive, emotional, and financial well-being of affected individuals. While aggression and impulsivity have been examined in relation to mTBI, little work has been done to evaluate the relationship between history of mTBI and personality disorder (PD). The authors examined the associations between history of mTBI and PD in a control group without history of mTBI (N = 1189) and individuals with history of mTBI (N = 267). Results demonstrated that any PD diagnosis is a significant risk factor for mTBI (p < 0.001). Cluster B diagnoses, particularly borderline and antisocial PD, were independently significant risk factors for mTBI. These data suggest a role for screening for a history of mTBI in patients with PDs and associated traits.
Topics: Humans; Brain Concussion; Personality Disorders; Impulsive Behavior; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Aggression
PubMed: 35598165
DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1550 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Jun 2018The personality structure of persons within clinical populations may not be fundamentally different from the personality structure of persons who have not sought... (Review)
Review
The personality structure of persons within clinical populations may not be fundamentally different from the personality structure of persons who have not sought treatment for their maladaptive personality traits. Indeed, there has long been an interest in understanding personality disorders as maladaptive variants of general personality structure. Presented herein is an understanding of personality disorder from the perspective of basic personality research; more specifically, the five factor model (FFM) of general personality structure. Potential advantages of understanding personality disorders from the perspective of the FFM are provided.
Topics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Models, Psychological; Personality; Personality Assessment; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 28957742
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.09.007 -
Psychiatria Danubina Dec 2022Sex-related disturbance including sexual dreams contributes to psychiatric disorders, but whether personality disorder functioning styles are linked with sexual dreams...
BACKGROUND
Sex-related disturbance including sexual dreams contributes to psychiatric disorders, but whether personality disorder functioning styles are linked with sexual dreams especially in frequent dreamers remains unsettled SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and seventy one healthy volunteers (controls) and 81 frequent sexual dreamers (fsDreamers) were invited to answer the Sexual Dream Experience Questionnaire (SDEQ) and the Parker Personality Measure (PERM).
RESULTS
Compared to controls, fsDreamers scored significantly higher on SDEQ Joyfulness, Familiarity, Bizarreness and the annual frequency, and on all PERM styles except Schizoid and Obsessive-Compulsive. Sexual dream contents were associated with Borderline, Histrionic and Narcissistic styles in controls, and with Paranoid, Schizotypal, Borderline, Histrionic, Avoidant, and Passive-Aggressive styles in fsDreamers.
CONCLUSIONS
Personality involvement in etiology of sexual dreams has been illustrated by the elevated sexual experience and personality disorder functioning style scores and their prominent inter-correlations, especially in frequent sexual dreamers.
Topics: Humans; Personality Disorders; Personality; Sexual Behavior; Happiness; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36752253
DOI: No ID Found -
The International Journal of Social... Sep 2023Homeless people present high rates of psychopathology, including personality disorders. Given the link between personality disorders and attachment, and the potential... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Homeless people present high rates of psychopathology, including personality disorders. Given the link between personality disorders and attachment, and the potential importance of these two traits for understanding homeless populations.
AIMS
Our aim was to review all studies focusing on attachment and on the full assessment of personality disorders in the homeless.
METHOD
Overall, 213 studies were screened through title and abstract. Of these, 63 articles were chosen for full-text assessment.
RESULTS
A total of 14 articles met eligibility criteria and were included in the present review. Six studies evaluated personality disorders and eight studies assessed attachment in the homeless. In general, reports suggested that personality disorders are highly common in the homeless, with frequencies ranging between 64% and 79% for any personality disorder. The most common personality diagnoses were paranoid (14%-74%), borderline (6%-62%), avoidant (14%-63%), and antisocial (4%-57%) personality disorders. Attachment reports differed in the methods used and presented diverse results and correlates. Even so, insecure types of attachment dominated in the homeless, accounting for 62% to 100% of the samples.
CONCLUSIONS
The high prevalence of personality disorders and insecure types of attachment in the homeless may impact intervention strategies for these people. The available literature evaluating attachment and the full assessment of personality disorders in the homeless is scarce, which supports the need for more research on these two topics.
Topics: Humans; Personality Disorders; Psychopathology; Ill-Housed Persons; Prevalence; Personality; Borderline Personality Disorder
PubMed: 36951386
DOI: 10.1177/00207640231161201 -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... 2020
Topics: Antisocial Personality Disorder; Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 32074231
DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0762