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Cancer Cell Jun 2021In this issue of Cancer Cell, Bagaev et al. discover conserved relationships between immune and stroma activity that are prognostic and predictive of response to...
In this issue of Cancer Cell, Bagaev et al. discover conserved relationships between immune and stroma activity that are prognostic and predictive of response to immunotherapy across cancer types. The authors develop a visualization tool, akin to a tumor personality test, to integrate genomic and microenvironmental profiling and guide therapeutic decision-making.
Topics: Decision Making; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Personality Tests; Prognosis
PubMed: 34019808
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.04.018 -
Behavioral Medicine (Washington, D.C.) 2017Personality disorder and personality pathology encompass a dimension of psychological dysfunction known to severely impact multiple domains of functioning. However,...
Personality disorder and personality pathology encompass a dimension of psychological dysfunction known to severely impact multiple domains of functioning. However, there is a notable dearth of research regarding both the pervasiveness and correlates of personality pathology among young sexual minority males who themselves experience heightened mental health burdens. Using the self-report version of the Standardized Assessment of Personality-Abbreviated Scale we tested associations between distinct personality characteristics with sociodemographic and psychosocial factors as well as mental health states in a sample of 528 young (aged 21-25 years) sexual minority men. In multivariate analysis, personality traits varied significantly by race/ethnicity. Personality traits were also positively associated with psychosocial states, specifically, internalized anti-homosexual bias, level of connection with the gay community, and male body dissatisfaction, as well as mental health in the form of recent depressive and anxious symptomatology. These findings support the complex synergy which exists between personality characteristics, psychosocial conditions, and mental health burdens present among sexual minority men and support the need for an all-encompassing approach to both the study and care of this population that addresses the influences of both internal and external factors on well-being.
Topics: Anxiety; Bisexuality; Cohort Studies; Depression; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Minority Groups; Personality; Personality Inventory; Personality Tests; Psychology; Self Report; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Young Adult
PubMed: 28767020
DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2017.1330079 -
PloS One 2019Human personality may substantially affect the nature of care provided to dependants. This link has been well researched in parents and children, however, relatively...
Human personality may substantially affect the nature of care provided to dependants. This link has been well researched in parents and children, however, relatively little is known about this dynamic with regards to humans' relationships with non-human animals. Owner interactions with companion animals may provide valuable insight into the wider phenomenon of familial interactions, as owners usually adopt the role of primary caregiver and potentially surrogate parent. This study, using cats as an exemplar, explored the relationship between owner personality and the lifestyles to which cats are exposed. In addition, it explored owner personality as it related to reported cat behaviour and wellbeing. Cat owners (n = 3331) responded to an online survey examining their personality and the health, behaviour and management of their cats. Owner personality was measured using the Big Five Inventory (BFI) to assess: Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Neuroticism and Openness. Owners also provided information concerning the physical health, breed type, management and behavioural styles of their cats. Generalised linear mixed models were used to identify relationships between owner personality and a range of factors that may have welfare implications for the wider companion animal population, and specifically, cats. Higher owner Neuroticism was associated with an increased likelihood of non-pedigree rather than pedigree cat ownership, a decreased likelihood of ad libitum access to the outdoors, cats being reported as having a 'behavioural problem', displaying more aggressive and anxious/fearful behavioural styles and more stress-related sickness behaviours, as well as having an ongoing medical condition and being overweight. Other owner personality traits were generally found to correlate more positively with various lifestyle, behaviour and welfare parameters. For example, higher owner Extroversion was associated with an increased likelihood that the cat would be provided ad libitum access to the outdoors; higher owner Agreeableness was associated with a higher level of owner reported satisfaction with their cat, and with a greater likelihood of owners reporting their cats as being of a normal weight. Finally higher owner Conscientiousness was associated with the cat displaying less anxious/fearful, aggressive, aloof/avoidant, but more gregarious behavioural styles. These findings demonstrate that the relationship between carer personality and the care received by a dependent, may extend beyond the human family to animal-owner relationships, with significant implications for the choice of management, behaviour and potentially the broader wellbeing of companion animals.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cats; Dogs; Female; Human-Animal Bond; Humans; Life Style; Male; Middle Aged; Ownership; Parent-Child Relations; Personality; Personality Tests; Pets; Young Adult
PubMed: 30721257
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211862 -
BMC Psychiatry Sep 2018The Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders as well as the upcoming IDC-11 have established a new focus on diagnosing personality disorders (PD): personality...
BACKGROUND
The Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders as well as the upcoming IDC-11 have established a new focus on diagnosing personality disorders (PD): personality functioning. An impairment of self and interpersonal functioning in these models represents a general diagnostic criterion for a personality disorder. Little is known so far about the impairment of personality functioning in patients with other mental disorders than PD. This study aims to assess personality functioning in patients with anxiety disorders.
METHODS
Ninety-seven patients with the diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, or phobia, and 16 healthy control persons were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I and -II) and were assessed by means of the Structured Interview for Personality Organization (STIPO) to determine the level of personality functioning.
RESULTS
While all three patient groups showed significant impairment in personality functioning compared to the control group, no significant differences were observed between the different patient groups. In all three groups of anxiety disorders patients with comorbid PD showed significantly worse personality functioning than patients without. Patients without comorbid PD also yielded a significant impairment in their personality functioning when compared to the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Anxiety disorders are associated with a significant impairment in personality functioning, which is significantly increased by comorbid PD. There are no differences in terms of personality functioning between patients with different anxiety disorders.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Panic Disorder; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Tests; Phobic Disorders
PubMed: 30223818
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1870-0 -
BMC Medical Education May 2022Empathy plays the key role in the doctor - patient relationship. The research of empathy determinants plays an important role in formulating practical guidelines for the...
BACKGROUND
Empathy plays the key role in the doctor - patient relationship. The research of empathy determinants plays an important role in formulating practical guidelines for the education of medical students. The aim of this study was to analyse personality characteristics of empathy profiles among students of medicine, with consideration of chief personality factors and their subdimensions according to the FFM model.
METHODS
During workshops in Clinical Psychological Skills, 153 students (M = 57, F = 96; mean age 23 years) analysed their psychological functioning styles by examining their personality profiles and empathy indicators. Empathic Sensitiveness Scale (ESS) and Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) were applied for this purpose. The analyses of empathy indicators were presented by means of cluster analysis. Variance analysis with post hoc Tukey-b test was performed for differences between clusters and to differentiate between personality factors and their components in empathy clusters. This study was approved by the Jagiellonian University Bioethics Committee (approval number: 1072.6120.175.2018 date: 28.06.2018).
RESULTS
The first cluster included students who presented high empathetic concern for others, understood their perspective and needs characterised by medium level of Neuroticism, high levels of other dimensions The second group included students who could understand others very well, yet with lower tendency to react emotionally to suffering, characterised by medium level of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, high Conscientiousness and low Agreeableness. The third cluster included students who react strongly to painful and unpleasant reactions of others, characterised by high Neuroticism and Agreeableness, low Extraversion.
CONCLUSIONS
Each empathy profile is manifested in relations with patients in a specific way. Medical education in empathy holds great potential to reduce anxiety, stress, and burnout associated with the medical profession. Discussion of individual results with students, gives an opportunity to talk about how their empathy and personality characteristics may influence their everyday medical practice.
Topics: Adult; Empathy; Extraversion, Psychological; Humans; Personality; Personality Inventory; Students, Medical; Young Adult
PubMed: 35578223
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03432-5 -
Journal of Psychosomatic Research Jun 2017Psychogenic movement disorder (PMD) and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are two subtypes of conversion disorder (CD). In this case-control study, we asked...
OBJECTIVE
Psychogenic movement disorder (PMD) and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are two subtypes of conversion disorder (CD). In this case-control study, we asked whether these subtypes varied as a function of personality and history of childhood abuse.
METHODS
Fifty-nine patients with PMD from the Human Motor Control Section Clinic at the National Institutes of Health, 43 patients with PNES from the Rhode Island Hospital Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology Division, and 26 healthy volunteers (HC) received a battery of neurological, psychiatric and psychological assessments, including the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO PI-R), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ).
RESULTS
One-way ANOVA between the three groups indicated significant differences in overall domains of Neuroticism (p=0.001) and Conscientiousness (p=0.009): Patients with PNES reported significantly greater levels of Neuroticism (p=0.002) and lower levels of Conscientiousness (p=0.023) than patients with PMD. Levels of Neuroticism remained significantly higher in both PMD and PNES than HC following correction for multiple comparisons. Patients with PNES reported greater levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms, overall psychopathology, greater history of sexual abuse, greater levels of alexithymia, higher levels of dissociative symptoms, and an earlier age at which they experienced their most distressing traumatic event than patients with PMD.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that personality traits, type of abuse and age of onset of trauma varies as a function of CD subtype. Patients with PNES rated greater Neuroticism and lower Conscientiousness than patients with PMD. These differing psychological profiles may inform differing treatment approaches such as psychological therapies for PNES and physiotherapy (with/without psychotherapy) for PMD.
Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Case-Control Studies; Conversion Disorder; Dissociative Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Neuroticism; Perfectionism; Personality Tests; Psychopathology; Seizures
PubMed: 28606495
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.03.018 -
Personality Disorders Jan 2023Tests of statistical interactions (or tests of moderation effects) in personality disorder research are a common way for researchers to examine nuanced hypotheses...
Tests of statistical interactions (or tests of moderation effects) in personality disorder research are a common way for researchers to examine nuanced hypotheses relevant to personality pathology. However, the nature of statistical interactions makes them difficult to reliably detect in many research scenarios. The present study used a flexible, simulation-based approach to estimate statistical power to detect trait-by-trait interactions common to psychopathy research using the Triarchic model of Psychopathy and the Psychopathic Personality Inventory. Our results show that even above-average sample sizes in these literatures (e.g., = 428) provide inadequate power to reliably detect trait-by-trait interactions, and the sample sizes needed to detect interaction effect sizes in realistic scenarios are extremely large, ranging from 1,300 to 5,200. The implications for trait-by-trait interactions in psychopathy are discussed, as well as how the present findings might generalize to other areas of personality disorder research. We provide recommendations for how to design research studies that can provide informative tests of interactions in personality disorder research, but also highlight that a more realistic option is to abandon the traditional approach when testing for interaction effects and adopt alternative approaches that may be more productive. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Personality Inventory; Personality Disorders; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Personality; Phenotype
PubMed: 35737564
DOI: 10.1037/per0000582 -
Annals of Agricultural and... Jun 2020Marijuana is one of the most widely used psychoactive substance. There is evidence of genetic predisposition for addiction.
INTRODUCTION
Marijuana is one of the most widely used psychoactive substance. There is evidence of genetic predisposition for addiction.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study is to evaluate personality traits measured by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, combined with analysis of rs1079597 and rs1800498 located in the gene.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study group consisted of 214 rural cannabinoid users and 301 controls. The same psychometric test and real-time PCR genotyping were performed in both studied groups.
RESULTS
The values of Anxiety state, Anxiety trait, NEO FFI: Neuroticism and Openness in the rural cannabis using group were significantly higher than in the control group. On the other hand, lower values were observed among rural people using cannabis compared to the control group for NEO FFI: Extraversion, Agreeability and Conscientiousness. In the Anxiety trait subscale, a 2% association with the polymorphism rs1079597 was detected in subjects using cannabis. However, for the rs1800498, there was no effect on the differences in personality traits between rural cannabis users and the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
The study shows differences in personality traits between the cannabis using group and controls. Interaction between genetic factors and personality traits was also detected. The association showing the combination of psychological characteristics and genetic variants can bring us closer to the overall picture of the issue of marijuana addiction.
Topics: Adult; Cannabis; Drug Users; Humans; Male; Personality; Personality Tests; Poland; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Rural Population; Young Adult
PubMed: 32588603
DOI: 10.26444/aaem/119939 -
PloS One 2023The main aim of this study is to introduce an implicit personality assessment method (e.g., implicit association test) to Kuwait. We adapted an existing...
The main aim of this study is to introduce an implicit personality assessment method (e.g., implicit association test) to Kuwait. We adapted an existing personality-related implicit association test (IAT; Big Five IAT), while also constructed the first trait EI IAT based on Petrides' four-factor model. We investigated the psychometric properties of the implicit association test through assessing the reliability of scores and also their relationship with their corresponding explicit measures. The measures were administered to 1458 university students in Kuwait. The zero-order correlations showed that the explicit and implicit measurement approaches led to non-converging constructs in the case of both trait EI and the Big Five. Lastly, we believe that we were successfully able to introduce the concept of personality-related implicit association tests to the Kuwaiti sample. Subsequently, the IATs presented in our study will allow researchers to study a relatively new personality field, that is the implicit personality.
Topics: Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Personality; Personality Tests; Psychometrics; Personality Disorders
PubMed: 37812628
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287013 -
Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf... Oct 2018A variety of studies have examined ways in which cognitive and social-emotional factors may be linked to and affected by hearing loss, use of cochlear implants (CIs),...
A variety of studies have examined ways in which cognitive and social-emotional factors may be linked to and affected by hearing loss, use of cochlear implants (CIs), and sign language. A related domain that largely has been overlooked, however, is personality. This paper reports a study of personality traits and self-efficacy among deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH; n = 223) college students, with and without CIs, as compared to hearing peers (n = 106). All participants completed (HEXACO) personality trait and self-efficacy inventories; DHH participants also completed a communication questionnaire. Hearing participants scored higher on the personality trait Conscientiousness than both DHH CI users and non-CI users, as well as higher on Openness to Experience compared to DHH CI users. Hearing participants also scored higher on self-efficacy compared to DHH non-CI users. Among DHH non-CI users, greater self-rated sign language skills were associated with higher Extraversion and Agreeableness scores. Among the DHH CI users, earlier sign language acquisition was associated with higher Openness to Experience scores, and earlier cochlear implantation was associated with greater Emotionality scores. Self-efficacy was associated with both better self-rated spoken language skills and a stronger preference for spoken language over sign language use among DHH CI users.
Topics: Cochlear Implants; Education of Hearing Disabled; Female; Humans; Male; Personality; Personality Tests; Persons With Hearing Impairments; Psychological Tests; Self Efficacy; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 29986039
DOI: 10.1093/deafed/eny022