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Indian Pediatrics Feb 2014
Topics: Female; Humans; Immunization Schedule; Pertussis Vaccine; Pregnancy
PubMed: 24632704
DOI: 10.1007/s13312-014-0336-9 -
Toxins Jan 2021The adenylate cyclase toxin, CyaA, is one of the key virulent factors produced by , the causative agent of whooping cough. This toxin primarily targets innate immunity... (Review)
Review
The adenylate cyclase toxin, CyaA, is one of the key virulent factors produced by , the causative agent of whooping cough. This toxin primarily targets innate immunity to facilitate bacterial colonization of the respiratory tract. CyaA exhibits several remarkable characteristics that have been exploited for various applications in vaccinology and other biotechnological purposes. CyaA has been engineered as a potent vaccine vehicle to deliver antigens into antigen-presenting cells, while the adenylate cyclase catalytic domain has been used to design a robust genetic assay for monitoring protein-protein interactions in bacteria. These two biotechnological applications are briefly summarized in this chapter.
Topics: Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; Animals; Bioengineering; Bordetella pertussis; Humans; Pertussis Vaccine; Protein Engineering; Two-Hybrid System Techniques; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 33499260
DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020083 -
The Western Journal of Medicine Mar 1989
Comparative Study
Topics: Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Pertussis Vaccine; Risk Factors; United Kingdom; United States; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 2735038
DOI: No ID Found -
Pathogens and Disease Nov 2015Current acellular pertussis vaccines have various shortcomings, which may contribute to their suboptimal efficacy and waning immunity in vaccinated populations. This... (Review)
Review
Current acellular pertussis vaccines have various shortcomings, which may contribute to their suboptimal efficacy and waning immunity in vaccinated populations. This calls for the development of new pertussis vaccines capable of inducing long-lived protective immunity. Immunization with whole cell pertussis vaccines and natural infection with Bordetella pertussis induce distinct and more protective immune responses when compared with immunization with acellular pertussis vaccines. Therefore, the immune responses induced with whole cell vaccine or after infection can be used as a benchmark for the development of third-generation vaccines against pertussis. Here, we review the literature on the immunology of B. pertussis infection and vaccination and discuss the lessons learned that will help in the design of improved pertussis vaccines.
Topics: Animals; Bordetella pertussis; Drug Discovery; Humans; Pertussis Vaccine; Vaccines, Acellular; Vaccines, Inactivated; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 26347400
DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv067 -
PLoS Medicine Jun 2024In many countries, infant vaccination with acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines has replaced use of more reactogenic whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines. Based on... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and IgE-mediated immune responses of a mixed whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccine schedule in Australian infants: A randomised, double-blind, noninferiority trial.
BACKGROUND
In many countries, infant vaccination with acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines has replaced use of more reactogenic whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines. Based on immunological and epidemiological evidence, we hypothesised that substituting the first aP dose in the routine vaccination schedule with wP vaccine might protect against IgE-mediated food allergy. We aimed to compare reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and IgE-mediated responses of a mixed wP/aP primary schedule versus the standard aP-only schedule.
METHODS AND FINDINGS
OPTIMUM is a Bayesian, 2-stage, double-blind, randomised trial. In stage one, infants were assigned (1:1) to either a first dose of a pentavalent wP combination vaccine (DTwP-Hib-HepB, Pentabio PT Bio Farma, Indonesia) or a hexavalent aP vaccine (DTaP-Hib-HepB-IPV, Infanrix hexa, GlaxoSmithKline, Australia) at approximately 6 weeks old. Subsequently, all infants received the hexavalent aP vaccine at 4 and 6 months old as well as an aP vaccine at 18 months old (DTaP-IPV, Infanrix-IPV, GlaxoSmithKline, Australia). Stage two is ongoing and follows the above randomisation strategy and vaccination schedule. Ahead of ascertainment of the primary clinical outcome of allergist-confirmed IgE-mediated food allergy by 12 months old, here we present the results of secondary immunogenicity, reactogenicity, tetanus toxoid IgE-mediated immune responses, and parental acceptability endpoints. Serum IgG responses to diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis antigens were measured using a multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassay; total and specific IgE were measured in plasma by means of the ImmunoCAP assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The immunogenicity of the mixed schedule was defined as being noninferior to that of the aP-only schedule using a noninferiority margin of 2/3 on the ratio of the geometric mean concentrations (GMR) of pertussis toxin (PT)-IgG 1 month after the 6-month aP. Solicited adverse reactions were summarised by study arm and included all children who received the first dose of either wP or aP. Parental acceptance was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. The primary analyses were based on intention-to-treat (ITT); secondary per-protocol (PP) analyses were also performed. The trial is registered with ANZCTR (ACTRN12617000065392p). Between March 7, 2018 and January 13, 2020, 150 infants were randomised (75 per arm). PT-IgG responses of the mixed schedule were noninferior to the aP-only schedule at approximately 1 month after the 6-month aP dose [GMR = 0·98, 95% credible interval (0·77 to 1·26); probability (GMR > 2/3) > 0·99; ITT analysis]. At 7 months old, the posterior median probability of quantitation for tetanus toxoid IgE was 0·22 (95% credible interval 0·12 to 0·34) in both the mixed schedule group and in the aP-only group. Despite exclusions, the results were consistent in the PP analysis. At 6 weeks old, irritability was the most common systemic solicited reaction reported in wP (65 [88%] of 74) versus aP (59 [82%] of 72) vaccinees. At the same age, severe systemic reactions were reported among 14 (19%) of 74 infants after wP and 8 (11%) of 72 infants after aP. There were 7 SAEs among 5 participants within the first 6 months of follow-up; on blinded assessment, none were deemed to be related to the study vaccines. Parental acceptance of mixed and aP-only schedules was high (71 [97%] of 73 versus 69 [96%] of 72 would agree to have the same schedule again).
CONCLUSIONS
Compared to the aP-only schedule, the mixed schedule evoked noninferior PT-IgG responses, was associated with more severe reactions, but was well accepted by parents. Tetanus toxoid IgE responses did not differ across the study groups.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Trial registered at the Australian and New Zealand Clinical 207 Trial Registry (ACTRN12617000065392p).
Topics: Humans; Infant; Double-Blind Method; Immunoglobulin E; Female; Male; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; Immunization Schedule; Australia; Vaccines, Combined; Pertussis Vaccine; Food Hypersensitivity; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; Haemophilus Vaccines; Whooping Cough; Immunogenicity, Vaccine; Antibodies, Bacterial
PubMed: 38857311
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004414 -
Microbes and Infection Jul 2001Bordetella pertussis exploits extracellular and intracellular niches in the respiratory tract and a variety of immune evasion strategies to prolong its survival in the... (Review)
Review
Bordetella pertussis exploits extracellular and intracellular niches in the respiratory tract and a variety of immune evasion strategies to prolong its survival in the host. This article reviews evidence of complementary roles for cellular and humoral immunity in protection. It discusses the effector mechanisms of bacterial elimination, the strategies employed by the bacteria to subvert protective immune responses and the immunological basis for systemic and neurological responses to infection and vaccination.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bordetella pertussis; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Mice; Pertussis Vaccine; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 11445452
DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01421-6 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jun 2020Pertussis is a debilitating vaccine-preventable infection. The aim of this study was to determine susceptibility and exposure to pertussis in Lao PDR in different age...
OBJECTIVES
Pertussis is a debilitating vaccine-preventable infection. The aim of this study was to determine susceptibility and exposure to pertussis in Lao PDR in different age groups and subpopulations.
METHODS
A total 3072 serum samples were obtained from different cohorts: children with documented vaccination, pre-schoolers, schoolchildren, blood donors, healthcare workers (HCWs), and pregnant women and paired cord blood. Samples were tested for anti-pertussis toxin IgG antibodies. A history of Bordetella pertussis exposure was defined according to antibody titres. Four hundred and seventy-five throat swabs and nasopharyngeal aspirates were analysed by PCR for the presence of B. pertussis in symptomatic children at the Children's Hospital in Vientiane.
RESULTS
Overall pertussis seroprevalence was 57.5%. The prevalence of titres indicating acute infection or recent vaccination or infection/vaccination within the last 12 months ranged from 7.4% (100/1356) in adults to 21.4% (25/117) in pre-schoolers (age 1-5 years). B. pertussis was detected in 1.05% (5/475) of children with respiratory symptoms in Vientiane Capital.
CONCLUSIONS
It is suggested that routine childhood vaccination, in particular outreach, as well as vaccination of HCWs should be strengthened. A childhood booster and vaccination of pregnant mothers should be considered. There is also a need to improve reporting and to introduce pertussis testing in at least one central facility.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bordetella pertussis; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Female; Fetal Blood; Health Personnel; Humans; Immunization, Secondary; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Laos; Male; Middle Aged; Pertussis Vaccine; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Whooping Cough; Young Adult
PubMed: 32278108
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.074 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Despite the high coverage of pertussis vaccines in high-income countries, pertussis resurgence has been reported in recent years, and has stimulated interest in the...
Despite the high coverage of pertussis vaccines in high-income countries, pertussis resurgence has been reported in recent years, and has stimulated interest in the effects of vaccines and vaccination strategies. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against pertussis toxoid (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (PRN) after immunization with four doses of co-purified or component vaccines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serological data of PT-IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) over time since vaccination were used to fit the mathematical models. A total of 953 children were included in this study; 590 participants received four doses of the component acellular vaccine and 363 participants received four doses of the co-purified acellular vaccine. The GMCs and the seropositivity rate of pertussis IgG were significantly influenced by the production methods, and the immunogenicity of the component acellular vaccine was superior to that of the co-purified acellular vaccine. The fitted mathematical models for the component acellular vaccine and the co-purified acellular vaccine were Y=91.20e and Y=37.71x, respectively. The initial GMCs of the component acellular vaccine was higher than that of the co-purified acellular vaccine, but both were similar at 72 months after immunization. Pertussis IgG levels waned over time after four doses of acellular pertussis vaccine, regardless of whether component or co-purified vaccine was used. The development and promotion of component acellular pertussis vaccines should be accelerated in China, and booster doses of pertussis vaccine in adolescents, adults, and pregnant women should be employed.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Child; Female; Adolescent; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines; Whooping Cough; Haemophilus influenzae type b; Vaccines, Combined; Pertussis Vaccine; Vaccines, Acellular; Immunoglobulin G
PubMed: 36685526
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055677 -
Pathogens and Disease Nov 2015While it is clear that the maintenance of Bordetella pertussis-specific immunity evoked both after vaccination and infection is insufficient, it is unknown at which pace... (Review)
Review
While it is clear that the maintenance of Bordetella pertussis-specific immunity evoked both after vaccination and infection is insufficient, it is unknown at which pace waning occurs and which threshold levels of sustained functional memory B and T cells are required to provide long-term protection. Longevity of human cellular immunity to B. pertussis has been studied less extensively than serology, but is suggested to be key for the observed differences between the duration of protection induced by acellular vaccination and whole cell vaccination or infection. The induction and maintenance of levels of protective memory B and T cells may alter with age, associated with changes of the immune system throughout life and with accumulating exposures to circulating B. pertussis or vaccine doses. This is relevant since pertussis affects all age groups. This review summarizes current knowledge on the waning patterns of human cellular immune responses to B. pertussis as addressed in diverse vaccination and infection settings and in various age groups. Knowledge on the effectiveness and flaws in human B. pertussis-specific cellular immunity ultimately will advance the improvement of pertussis vaccination strategies.
Topics: Age Factors; Aging; B-Lymphocytes; Bordetella pertussis; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Pertussis Vaccine; T-Lymphocytes; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 26371178
DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv071 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Oct 2021Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious respiratory bacterial infection caused by and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly...
Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious respiratory bacterial infection caused by and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in infants. can cause a similar, but usually less severe pertussis-like disease. has a number of virulence factors including adhesins and toxins which allow the organism to bind to ciliated epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract and interfere with host clearance mechanisms. Typical symptoms of pertussis include paroxysmal cough with characteristic whoop and vomiting. Severe complications and deaths occur mostly in infants. Laboratory confirmation can be performed by isolation, detection of genomic DNA or specific antibodies. Childhood vaccination is safe, effective and remains the best control method available. Many countries have replaced whole-cell pertussis vaccines (wP) with acellular pertussis vaccines (aP). Waning protection following immunisation with aP is considered to be more rapid than that from wP. Deployed by resource-rich countries to date, maternal immunisation programmes have also demonstrated high efficacy in preventing hospitalisation and death in infants by passive immunisation through transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies.
Topics: Bordetella parapertussis; Bordetella pertussis; Humans; Infant; Pertussis Vaccine; Virulence Factors; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 34668853
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001442