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Plants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2022Plant monoterpenes have received attention for their ecological functions and as potential surrogates for synthetic herbicides, but very little is known about the...
Plant monoterpenes have received attention for their ecological functions and as potential surrogates for synthetic herbicides, but very little is known about the processes that govern their behavior in the soil environment, and even less about the possible enantioselectivity in the functions and environmental behavior of chiral monoterpenes. We characterized the adsorption and dissipation of the two enantiomers of the chiral monoterpene pulegone in different soils, and their phytotoxicity to different plant species through Petri dish and soil bioassays. R- and S-pulegone displayed a low-to-moderate non-enantioselective adsorption on the soils that involved weak interaction mechanisms. Soil incubation experiments indicated that, once in the soil, R- and S-pulegone are expected to suffer rapid volatilization and scarcely enantioselective, biodegradation losses. In Petri dishes, the phytotoxicity of pulegone and its enantioselectivity to , , and was species-dependent. was the most sensitive species and showed higher susceptibility to S- than to R-pulegone. Biodegradation and volatilization losses greatly reduced the phytotoxic activity of S-pulegone applied to soil, but the addition of a highly-adsorptive organoclay stabilized the monoterpene and increased its phytotoxic effect. Stabilization by adsorption may represent an important mechanism by which the bioactivity of plant monoterpenes in soils can be increased.
PubMed: 35631720
DOI: 10.3390/plants11101296 -
Journal of Nematology 2020induce necrotic lesions, the hallmark symptom for the genus, soon after infection. The objective of our study was to characterize and quantify gender differences in...
induce necrotic lesions, the hallmark symptom for the genus, soon after infection. The objective of our study was to characterize and quantify gender differences in lesion development. Independent experiments were conducted for three hosts; pea ( L. cv. Early Alaskan), dill ( cv. Long Island Mammoth), and alfalfa ( cv. Vernal). Each experimental unit was an excised radical placed on water agar in a Petri dish and inoculated with either 40 adult males or 40 fourth-stage juvenile females. Length, size, and number of lesions were recorded during the experiment and the radicals were harvested 14 days after introducing nematodes. Lesions were first observed on pea after two days for female-inoculated roots, and 24 hr after introducing both genders to dill and alfalfa. Lesions expanded either by multiple lesions coalescing or individual lesions expanding over time. Males made fewer, smaller lesions with less discoloration for all three hosts. There was no difference among genders for the total number of nematodes recovered per Petri dish or the number of endoparasitic nematodes after 14 days. The survival rate of males and females at harvest was not different, indicating that the difference in lesion formation was not related to nematode population densities. This study verified and quantified the observation that lesions induced by males are less extensive and in smaller numbers than lesions by females.
PubMed: 33842893
DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2020-090 -
MethodsX 2022•To bypass the problem of viable but non-culturable bacteria that cannot be isolated by culturable methods would be to isolate DNA from bacterial cells concentrated...
•To bypass the problem of viable but non-culturable bacteria that cannot be isolated by culturable methods would be to isolate DNA from bacterial cells concentrated from water samples used as a template for the polymerase chain reactions (PCR). DNA extraction protocol (Omar et al. 2010) was used as a foundation for extracting DNA from water. The method combinations i.e., guanidium thiocyanate, celite and home-made spin column were chosen because it has been shown to be reliable, rapid, simple, and inexpensive for routine analysis in developing country settings.•The following optimizations were included: (a) Polycarbonate (Poly) was statistically compared with Polyether sulphone (PES), Nitrocellulose acetate (NA) and Nitrocellulose (NC) membranes; (b) Various housing containers for the membranes were tested: plastic/glass petri-dish, Falcon tubes, Ogreiner cryovials; (c) various solutions was tested to add to the membrane to remove cells from membranes; (d) celite was chosen to bind the DNA because it had a higher DNA binding capacity compared to silicon dioxide; (e) incubation times and rotation speed were tested when adding reagents.•The optimized in-house DNA extraction method was validated with environmental water samples, high (dam water) and low (borehole) bacterial load to determine upper and lower detection limits of the method.
PubMed: 35313544
DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101653 -
Journal of Dental Research, Dental... 2023This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of four bioceramic root canal sealers (RCSs) in vivo. The embryonic zebrafish characteristics, such as mortality, survival,...
BACKGROUND
This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of four bioceramic root canal sealers (RCSs) in vivo. The embryonic zebrafish characteristics, such as mortality, survival, hatching, and general morphology, served as the parameters for assessing cytotoxicity.
METHODS
The RCSs, namely GuttaFlow Bioseal, MTA Fillapex, CeraSeal Bioceramic, and iRoot SP, were mixed according to the manufacturer's guidelines. The extract solution was prepared by immersing the set RCS into 1X dilution of E3 solution. Then, the extract solution was delivered into a Petri dish where zebrafish embryos were allowed to develop. Cytotoxicity was evaluated 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after fertilization.
RESULTS
The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that except for GuttaFlow Bioseal, the mortality, survival, and hatching of zebrafish embryos for the remaining three bioceramic RCSs were significantly different from the negative controls (<0.05). Significant differences were also evident in the mortality, survival, and hatching of zebrafish embryos between GuttaFlow Bioseal and three other RCSs (<0.05).
CONCLUSION
GuttaFlow Bioseal was less cytotoxic than other bioceramics RCSs; MTA Fillapex, CeraSeal Bioceramic root canal sealer, and iRoot SP root canal sealer exhibited comparable cytotoxicity.
PubMed: 38584992
DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2023.39163 -
Poultry Science Feb 2022Dust present in poultry houses can disseminate bacteria in air and deposit them on surfaces. This study evaluated bacteria in settled dust during growout of broilers...
Dust present in poultry houses can disseminate bacteria in air and deposit them on surfaces. This study evaluated bacteria in settled dust during growout of broilers from 2 flocks (Flocks A and B). Dust samples for bacteria analyses were obtained during 6 wk of growout (Flocks A and B) and 1 wk after flock termination (Flock B) by environmental swabbing and collecting dust in petri dishes from multiple locations inside the poultry house. For weekly swabbing, dust deposited during each wk of the sampling period (noncumulatively, n = 12/wk) and cumulatively (n = 12/wk) throughout the sampling period was collected. Swabbed dust samples were analyzed for counts (log CFU/28 cm) of aerobic bacteria, E. coli, coliforms, and Salmonella recovery. For petri dish dust collection, dust was collected in weekly and bi-weekly time spans during the sampling period and then analyzed for Salmonella recovery. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Fisher's Exact Test and means were separated using LSD. Only aerobic plate counts changed over time in dust during growout (Flocks A and B; P < 0.0001). In noncumulatively settled dust, aerobic bacteria (Flocks A and B; P < 0.0001), E. coli (Flock A; P = 0.0432), and coliforms (Flock B; P = 0.0303) varied during growout with peak counts on wk 5 or wk 6, wk 4, and wk 4, respectively, after bird placement. Salmonella recovery did not vary in cumulatively (3/72, 10/84) and noncumulatively (0/12, 10/84) settled dust during growout in both flocks. In dust sampled by bi-weekly collection in petri dishes, Salmonella recovery was highest (5/6) between wk 2 to wk 4 for Flock B (P = 0.0118). Overall, this study displayed that settled dust bacteria levels can fluctuate during broiler growout, and dust can contain Salmonella.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Dust; Escherichia coli; Poultry Diseases; Salmonella Infections, Animal
PubMed: 34936956
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101602 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Mar 2018Although radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) has been widely used to treat orthopedic disorders with promising clinical results, rESWT largely relies on...
Although radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) has been widely used to treat orthopedic disorders with promising clinical results, rESWT largely relies on clinicians' personal experiences and arbitrary judgments, without knowing relationships between administration doses and effective doses at target sites. In fact, practitioners lack a general and reliable way to assess propagation and distribution of pressure waves inside biological tissues quantitatively. This study develops a methodology to combine experimental measurements and computational simulations to obtain pressure fields from rESWT through calibrating and validating computational models with experimental measurements. Wave pressures at the bottom of a petri dish and inside biological tissues are measured, respectively, by attaching and implanting flexible membrane sensors. Detailed wave dynamics are simulated through explicit finite element analyses. The data decipher that waves from rESWT radiate directionally and can be modeled as acoustic waves generated from a vibrating circular piston. Models are thus established to correlate pressure amplitudes at the bottom of petri dishes and in the axial direction of biological tissues. Additionally, a pilot simulation upon rESWT for human lumbar reveals a detailed and realistic pressure field mapping. This study will open a new avenue of personalized treatment planning and mechanism research for rESWT.
PubMed: 29593978
DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700797 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from different aerial parts (flowers, leaves, and stems) of Guss., a wild species endemic...
In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from different aerial parts (flowers, leaves, and stems) of Guss., a wild species endemic of Sicily, was investigated. Furthermore, the EOs' biocidal effects towards two pests of stored products, and , were evaluated. This activity was evaluated in Petri dish bioassays to establish the survival rate of adults treated with the EOs comparing them with solvent and a commonly used insecticide (pyrethrum). The data obtained from the toxicity bioassay evidenced that stems' EOs and leaves' EOs have a contact/fumigation effect towards the two insect species tested, while the EOs from the flowers did not exhibit a different mortality than the solvent. The EOs from the stem and leaves of , tested at 10 mg/petri dish, determined a LT50 of 53.38 and 42.97 h, respectively, on adults, and of 45.23 and 42.97 h, respectively, on adults. The promising bioactivity of leaves' EOs and stems' EOs toward and is encouraging in the perspective to test these oils and their main constituents for further experiments in the laboratory and field.
PubMed: 36432776
DOI: 10.3390/plants11223047 -
Cells Sep 2019Single cell genomics and proteomics with the combination of innovative three-dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques can open new avenues toward the understanding of...
Single cell genomics and proteomics with the combination of innovative three-dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques can open new avenues toward the understanding of intra-tumor heterogeneity. Here, we characterize lung cancer markers using single cell mass cytometry to compare different in vitro cell culturing methods: two-dimensional (2D), carrier-free, or bead-based 3D culturing with in vivo xenografts. Proliferation, viability, and cell cycle phase distribution has been investigated. Gene expression analysis enabled the selection of markers that were overexpressed: or repressed: either in vivo or in long-term 3D cultures. Additionally, TRA-1-60, pan-keratins, CD326, Galectin-3, and CD274, markers with known clinical significance have been investigated at single cell resolution. The described twelve markers convincingly highlighted a unique pattern reflecting intra-tumor heterogeneity of 3D samples and in vivo A549 lung cancer cells. In 3D systems CA9, CD24, and EGFR showed higher expression than in vivo. Multidimensional single cell proteome profiling revealed that 3D cultures represent a transition from 2D to in vivo conditions by intermediate marker expression of TRA-1-60, TMEM45A, pan-keratin, CD326, MCT4, Gal-3, CD66, GLUT1, and CD274. Therefore, 3D cultures of NSCLC cells bearing more putative cancer targets should be used in drug screening as the preferred technique rather than the Petri-dish.
Topics: A549 Cells; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Culture Techniques; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Models, Biological; Single-Cell Analysis; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 31527554
DOI: 10.3390/cells8091093 -
Postdoc Journal : a Journal of... Nov 2015Ohio State University researchers have made a leap forward in disease research by creating an eraser sized human "brain" in a petri dish. Although lacking a circulatory...
Ohio State University researchers have made a leap forward in disease research by creating an eraser sized human "brain" in a petri dish. Although lacking a circulatory system their brain model includes spinal cord, cortex, midbrain, brain stem, and even the beginnings of an eye- aiding in the effectiveness of research on complex neurological disease. To create their new brain model, the researchers converted adult skin cells into pluripotent stem cells, which afforded the opportunity to build the multiple nervous cell types required for such a complex system. Having this tissue model will assist researchers in developing new disease models, and thus, facilitate the development of novel clinical interventions.
PubMed: 27429994
DOI: No ID Found -
MicroLife 2023On 9-13 July 2023, the 10th FEMS Congress took place in Hamburg, Germany. As part of this major event in European microbiology, the European Academy of Microbiology...
On 9-13 July 2023, the 10th FEMS Congress took place in Hamburg, Germany. As part of this major event in European microbiology, the European Academy of Microbiology (EAM) organized two full sessions. One of these sessions aimed to highlight the research of four recently elected EAM fellows and saw presentations on bacterial group behaviours and development of resistance to antibiotics, as well as on new RNA viruses including bacteriophages and giant viruses of amoebae. The other session included five frontline environmental microbiologists who showcased real-world examples of how human activities have disrupted the balance in microbial ecosystems, not just to assess the current situation but also to explore fresh approaches for coping with external disturbances. Both sessions were very well attended, and no doubt helped to gain the EAM and its fellows more visibility.
PubMed: 38107236
DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqad045