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Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2015Squamous cell tonsil carcinoma is the most frequent form of oropharyngeal cancer, representing 70-80% of the total of head and neck malignant tumors. Poor clinical...
Squamous cell tonsil carcinoma is the most frequent form of oropharyngeal cancer, representing 70-80% of the total of head and neck malignant tumors. Poor clinical symptoms make that 60-80% of patients with squamous cell tonsil carcinoma have a late diagnosis, in the third and fourth stages, when the tumor exceeds the organ limits, invading the pharyngeal wall or the tongue base, being associated with metastases in the laterocervical lymphatic ganglions. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) represents an important inflammation mediator associated to carcinogenesis and even to tumor progression. We evaluated the seric values of TNF-α in a group of patients with tonsil cancer in comparison to a group of patients with chronic tonsillitis, as well as the reaction of mastocytes and macrophages in the two types of tonsil lesions. Seric levels of TNF-α in squamous cell tonsil carcinoma were quite high, varying from 1000 to 2000 pg÷mL, and in four patients, with poorly differentiated tonsil carcinoma in the fourth stage, the TNF-α values varied from 2000 to 4000 pg÷mL. In the patients undergoing radiotherapy, the TNF-α seric levels were within normal limits. In chronic tonsillitis, the TNF-α seric level varied from 10 to 200 pg÷mL. There were not observed any significant differences between the two types of tonsil lesions, regarding the macrophages and mast cells density on the surface unit.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Inflammation; Macrophages; Male; Mast Cells; Middle Aged; Pharynx; Tonsillar Neoplasms; Tonsillitis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 25826493
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Clinical... Jun 2024Salivary gland-type cancers (SGTCs) are histologically heterogeneous and can affect organs other than the salivary glands. Some tumors outside the salivary glands are...
BACKGROUND
Salivary gland-type cancers (SGTCs) are histologically heterogeneous and can affect organs other than the salivary glands. Some tumors outside the salivary glands are diagnosed on their unique histological characteristics. Comprehensive cross-organ studies on SGTCs are limited.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC), acinic cell carcinoma (AcCC), and polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) who visited our institution between 2009 and 2019. The primary tumor sites were classified into four categories; major salivary glands, head/neck (H/N) excluding (exc) major salivary glands (MSG) regions, broncho-pulmonary regions, and "others". H/N exc MSG was further divided into three subcategories, nasal/paranasal sinus, oral and pharynx/larynx.
RESULTS
We identified 173 patients with SGTCs, with SDC, AdCC, MEC, EMC, AcCC, and PAC accounting for 20%, 42%, 27%, 3%, 8%, and 1% of the cases, respectively. The most frequent primary site was the major salivary glands (64%), followed by H/N exc MSG regions (27%), broncho-pulmonary regions, and "others", thus non-salivary gland origins accounted for 9% of all cases. Patients with SDC, MEC, AcCC, or SGTC of the major salivary glands and broncho-pulmonary regions were more frequently treated by surgery. The overall survival time of the patients with MEC was significantly better than that of patients with SDC or EMC.
CONCLUSIONS
This cross-organ study highlights the clinical significance of SGTCs, underscoring the need for developing novel therapies for this rare disease entity.
Topics: Humans; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Aged; Adult; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell; Young Adult; Adolescent; Adenocarcinoma; Salivary Glands
PubMed: 38492066
DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02505-3 -
Theranostics 2020Among head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) has the worst prognosis. Iron metabolism, which plays a crucial...
Among head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) has the worst prognosis. Iron metabolism, which plays a crucial role in tumor progression, is mainly regulated by alterations to genes and post-transcriptional processes. The recent discovery of the N6-methyladenosine (mA) modification has expanded the realm of previously undiscovered post-transcriptional gene regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes. Many studies have demonstrated that mA methylation represents a distinct layer of epigenetic deregulation in carcinogenesis and tumor proliferation. However, the status of mA modification and iron metabolism in HPSCC remains unknown. Bioinformatics analysis, sample analysis, and transcriptome sequencing were performed to evaluate the correlation between mA modification and iron metabolism. Iron metabolic and cell biological analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of the mA reader YTHDF1 on HPSCC proliferation and iron metabolism. Transcriptome-wide mA-seq and RIP-seq data were mapped to explore the molecular mechanism of YTHDF1 function in HPSCC. YTHDF1 was found to be closely associated with ferritin levels and intratumoral iron concentrations in HPSCC patients at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital. YTHDF1 induced-HPSCC tumorigenesis depends on iron metabolism . Mechanistically, YTHDF1 methyltransferase domain interacts with the 3'UTR and 5'UTR of TRFC mRNA, then further positively regulates translation of mA-modified TFRC mRNA. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses validated the finding showing that TFRC is a crucial target gene for YTHDF1-mediated increases in iron metabolism. YTHDF1 enhanced TFRC expression in HPSCC through an mA-dependent mechanism. From a therapeutic perspective, targeting YTHDF1 and TFRC-mediated iron metabolism may be a promising strategy for HPSCC.
Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Antigens, CD; Carcinogenesis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cohort Studies; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease-Free Survival; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms; Hypopharynx; Iron; Male; Methylation; Mice; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; RNA, Messenger; RNA-Binding Proteins; Receptors, Transferrin; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 33204330
DOI: 10.7150/thno.51231 -
BMJ Case Reports Mar 2019The impact of metastasis to the retropharyngeal lymph node group is poorly understood because of the difficult access to the retropharyngeal space (RPS). In 20%-50% of...
The impact of metastasis to the retropharyngeal lymph node group is poorly understood because of the difficult access to the retropharyngeal space (RPS). In 20%-50% of surgically treated oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and cervical oesophageal carcinomas, we can find metastases to the retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RPLNs). The use of a three-dimensional (3D)-imaging-guided navigation system to perform a biopsy for a suspicion of metastasis in an RPLN can provide advantages in terms of better precision and 3D orientation with protection of the surrounding critical structures. We report two cases of an open biopsy by transoral and transnasal approaches for a suspicion of metastasis in a retropharyngeal lymph node in two patients with oropharyngeal and pulmonary cancer, respectively, by using the 3D imaging-guided navigation system. In the both cases, the biopsies performed were very accurate and allowed to get a full histological analysis and diagnosis. The use of the navigation system as a means to perform biopsies in the soft tissue of the neck is rarely reported and up to date few reports can be found in the literature. This technique can provide multiple advantages when compared with other conventional methods. The procedure is simple, safe and minimally invasive.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Lung Neoplasms; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Pharynx
PubMed: 30890518
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-227201 -
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Jan 2023Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are a molecularly, histologically, and clinically heterogeneous set of tumors originating from the mucosal epithelium of...
PURPOSE
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are a molecularly, histologically, and clinically heterogeneous set of tumors originating from the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. This heterogeneous nature of HNSCC is one of the main contributing factors to the lack of prognostic markers for personalized treatment. The aim of this study was to develop and identify multi-omics markers capable of improved risk stratification in this highly heterogeneous patient population.
METHODS
In this retrospective study, we approached this issue by establishing radiogenomics markers to identify high-risk individuals in a cohort of 127 HNSCC patients. Hybrid in vivo imaging and whole-exome sequencing were employed to identify quantitative imaging markers as well as genetic markers on pathway-level prognostic in HNSCC. We investigated the deductibility of the prognostic genetic markers using anatomical and metabolic imaging using positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography. Moreover, we used statistical and machine learning modeling to investigate whether a multi-omics approach can be used to derive prognostic markers for HNSCC.
RESULTS
Radiogenomic analysis revealed a significant influence of genetic pathway alterations on imaging markers. A highly prognostic radiogenomic marker based on cellular senescence was identified. Furthermore, the radiogenomic biomarkers designed in this study vastly outperformed the prognostic value of markers derived from genetics and imaging alone.
CONCLUSION
Using the identified markers, a clinically meaningful stratification of patients is possible, guiding the identification of high-risk patients and potentially aiding in the development of effective targeted therapies.
Topics: Humans; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Retrospective Studies; Genetic Markers; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Prognosis; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 36161512
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05973-9 -
Annals of Oncology : Official Journal... Sep 2004Cell proliferative activity has been extensively investigated in head and neck tumors. Ki67/MIB-1 immunostaining, tritiated thymidine or bromodeoxyuridine labeling... (Review)
Review
Cell proliferative activity has been extensively investigated in head and neck tumors. Ki67/MIB-1 immunostaining, tritiated thymidine or bromodeoxyuridine labeling indices, DNA S-phase fraction, proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, potential doubling time and analysis of the nucleolar organizer region associated proteins (AgNORs) have shown significant correlation with prognosis in 4806 cases of tumors of the oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx and larynx. However, this was not observed in 2968 other reported cases. Discrepancies may depend on various factors: the heterogeneity of the series, which include tumors from various anatomic sites and patients treated with different therapy, and the lack of standardization of methods for assessing cell proliferation. Furthermore, none of the methods currently applied can by themselves define the actual proliferative activity, as it depends both on the proportion of cells committed to the cycle (growth fraction) and the speed of the cell cycle. Indeed, the actual proliferative activity of a tumor could well be measured by the equation [PA = Ki67 or MIB-1 scores x AgNORs], as we did in pharyngeal carcinoma. Provided that large and homogeneous series are evaluated by standardized methods, cell proliferative activity can still be regarded as an inexpensive and reliable prognostic factor in head and neck tumors.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Proliferation; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Ki-67 Antigen; Mouth Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Prognosis; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 15319236
DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdh299 -
Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt... 2022Nasopharyngeal small cell carcinoma (SmCC) is a rare histological type of nasopharyngeal cancer, and its prognosis remains poor. This study aimed to determine the...
BACKGROUND
Nasopharyngeal small cell carcinoma (SmCC) is a rare histological type of nasopharyngeal cancer, and its prognosis remains poor. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and survival prognostic factors of nasopharyngeal SmCC.
METHODS
Detailed clinicopathologic and therapeutic characteristics of a patient diagnosed with nasopharyngeal SmCC were determined. Nasopharyngeal SmCC cases reported previously were reviewed and summarized. Furthermore, a retrospective analysis was performed on data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database. Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to compare survival within groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate prognostic factors.
RESULTS
A nasopharyngeal SmCC patient treated with chemoradiotherapy who achieved 46 months long-term survival was reported. In reviewing 16 reported cases with epidemiologic and therapeutic details, we found most of nasopharyngeal SmCC patients were diagnosed with advanced grades and received chemoradiotherapy. In total, 13,993 cases of nasopharyngeal cancer were extracted from the SEER database, from which 57 nasopharyngeal SmCC cases were eventually screened out. The mean age of the patients was 55.70 years, and 64.9% of these cases were either grade III or IV; the median overall survival (OS) was 18 months. Statistically significant differences were observed in the OS values of groups categorized by age (P = .025) or radiotherapy (P = .037). Age (<70 years) and radiotherapy were identified as independent survival and prognostic factors.
CONCLUSION
Patients with nasopharyngeal SmCC are usually diagnosed with advanced grades and have poor prognoses; nevertheless, they can benefit from radiotherapy with prolonged overall survival.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Nasopharynx; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; SEER Program
PubMed: 35341342
DOI: 10.1177/10732748221087075 -
The Laryngoscope Dec 2017Different reconstructive options are available for defects following total laryngectomy (TL) and circumferential (CH) or partial hypopharyngectomy (PH). We evaluated the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
Different reconstructive options are available for defects following total laryngectomy (TL) and circumferential (CH) or partial hypopharyngectomy (PH). We evaluated the flap success, pharyngocutaneous fistula, and pharyngoesophageal stenosis rates in two groups of patients treated by different policies.
STUDY DESIGN
Comparison between two cohorts of patients treated by TL with PH/CH ± cervical esophagectomy and reconstructed according to different strategies.
METHODS
Group A (historical) was composed of 89 patients reconstructed by pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC), radial forearm (RF), and anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps. A salivary bypass stent (SBPS) was not routinely applied and left in place for a maximum of 14 days. Forty-four (49%) patients received preoperative radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy (RT/CRT). Group B (prospective) included 105 patients reconstructed by RF or ALT with long-lasting SBPS left in place for a maximum of 45 days. Sixty-one (59%) received preoperative RT/CRT.
RESULTS
In group A, flap failure occurred in four (4%) cases, and all were managed by PMMC. We encountered 22 (26%) fistulas and 14 (16%) stenoses. In group B, flap failure occurred in six (6%) cases and was managed by PMMC. We encountered seven (7%) fistulas and three (3%) stenoses. Comparing complications among the two groups, we encountered a statistically significant difference in favor of group B for both fistula (P < .001) and stenosis (P = .001). We did not evidence any significant difference in terms of flap success rate.
CONCLUSIONS
First-line application of RF and ALT free flaps with long-lasting SBPS in reconstruction after PH/CH allows obtaining reduced incidences of both fistula and stenosis.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
4. Laryngoscope, 127:2731-2737, 2017.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Fascia; Female; Free Tissue Flaps; Humans; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms; Hypopharynx; Laryngectomy; Male; Middle Aged; Pharyngectomy; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Skin; Young Adult
PubMed: 28573675
DOI: 10.1002/lary.26705 -
BMJ Case Reports Apr 2021
Topics: Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Humans; Neck; Nose; Otolaryngology; Pharynx; Thyroid Neoplasms; Trachea
PubMed: 33893135
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-242352 -
Revista Do Colegio Brasileiro de... 2014To analyze the genetic polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 family and their relationship with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the genetic polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 family and their relationship with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx.
METHODS
We present a narrative literature review, conducted in PubMed, Lilacs and Cochrane Databases of articles published in the last five years correlating genetic polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 family and cancer risk in different populations worldwide.
RESULTS
We initially found 65 articles and, after selection criteria, 20 case-control studies with various populations worldwide were eligible. The most studied polymorphisms were those of CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 subfamilies. There is little about the other subfamilies. The association found between polymorphisms and cancer risk amounted to a countless number of variables, amongst them: population, selection methods, racial factors and different modes of exposure to carcinogens, genotyping methods, and nomenclature of the polymorphisms.
CONCLUSION
so far, there is no proven link between genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 family and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx relationship.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Mouth Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Polymorphism, Genetic
PubMed: 25467103
DOI: 10.1590/0100-69912014005012