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Medical Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Malnutrition in esophageal and pharyngeal cancer patients constitutes a common and serious concern, which significantly reduces patients' prognoses. Cancers of the... (Review)
Review
May Nutritional Status Positively Affect Disease Progression and Prognosis in Patients with Esophageal and Pharyngeal Cancers? A Scoping Review of the Current Clinical Studies.
BACKGROUND
Malnutrition in esophageal and pharyngeal cancer patients constitutes a common and serious concern, which significantly reduces patients' prognoses. Cancers of the esophagus and the pharynx can considerably impair feeding in patients, resulting in severe undernutrition. This is a scoping review that intends to critically analyze the most well-designed clinical studies investigating the potential beneficial impact of diverse nutritional assessment tools on the prognosis of patients with esophageal and pharyngeal cancers.
METHODS
The most accurate and remarkable scientific databases were comprehensively explored utilizing relative keywords to detect clinical studies that investigate whether nutritional status may affect disease prognosis.
RESULTS
Several assessment tools have evaluated and highlighted the potential beneficial impact of nutritional status on disease progression and patients' prognosis in both esophageal and pharyngeal cancers. Regarding esophageal cancer, CONUT, PNI, PG-SGA, and NRS-2002 are more commonly used, while albumin is also frequently evaluated. Regarding pharyngeal cancers, fewer studies are currently available. PNI has been evaluated, and its significance as a factor for shorter survival' times has been highlighted. The Comprehensive Nutritional Index has also been evaluated with positive results, as well as NRS 2002, GPS, and body-weight status. However, there is currently a lack of studies with an adequate number of women with cancer. An international literature gap was identified concerning follow-up studies with adequate methodology.
CONCLUSIONS
Nutritional status may significantly affect disease progression and patients' survival, highlighting the significance of a great nutritional status in individuals with esophageal and pharyngeal cancers. Further large-scale and well-designed prospective surveys should be performed to verify the potential beneficial effects of adequate nourishment in people suffering from cancer of the esophagus and pharynx.
Topics: Humans; Female; Nutritional Status; Prospective Studies; Prognosis; Disease Progression; Esophageal Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37873749
DOI: 10.3390/medsci11040064 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Aug 2001Pharyngeal pouches occur most commonly in elderly patients (over 70 years) and typical symptoms include dysphagia, regurgitation, chronic cough, aspiration, and weight... (Review)
Review
Pharyngeal pouches occur most commonly in elderly patients (over 70 years) and typical symptoms include dysphagia, regurgitation, chronic cough, aspiration, and weight loss. The aetiology remains unknown but theories centre upon a structural or physiological abnormality of the cricopharyngeus. A diagnosis is easily established on barium studies. Treatment is surgical via an endoscopic or external cervical approach and should include a cricopharyngeal myotomy. Unfortunately pharyngeal pouch surgery has long been associated with significant morbidity, partly due to the surgery itself and also to the fact that the majority of patients are elderly and often have general medical problems. External approaches are associated with higher complication rates than endoscopic procedures. Recently, treatment by endoscopic stapling diverticulotomy has becoming increasingly popular as it has distinct advantages, although long term results are not yet available. The small risk of developing carcinoma within a pouch that is not excised remains a contentious issue and is an argument for long term follow up or treating the condition by external excision, particularly in younger patients.
Topics: Aged; Barium Sulfate; Electrocoagulation; Female; Humans; Laryngoscopy; Laser Therapy; Male; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Recurrence; Suture Techniques; Treatment Outcome; Zenker Diverticulum
PubMed: 11470929
DOI: 10.1136/pmj.77.910.506 -
BioMed Research International 2017Global reports estimate 600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers. BQ chewing has been demonstrated not only to be a risk factor for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx and... (Review)
Review
Global reports estimate 600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers. BQ chewing has been demonstrated not only to be a risk factor for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) but also to cause other cancers and adverse health effects. Herein, we summarized the international comparison data to aid in the understanding of the close relationship between the prevalence of BQ chewing, the occurrence of oral and pharyngeal cancers, and adverse health effects. Potential biomarkers of BQ carcinogens, such as areca nut, alkaloids, and 3-methylnitrosaminopropionitrile (MNPN), are closely associated with human health toxicology. Molecular mechanisms or pathways involving autophagy, hypoxia, COX-2, NF-B activity, and stemness are known to be induced by BQ ingredients and are very closely related to the carcinogenesis of cancers of oral and pharynx. BQ abuse-related monoamine oxidase (MAO) gene was associated with the occurrence and progress of oral and pharyngeal cancers. In summary, our review article provides important insights into the potential roles of environmental BQ (specific alkaloid biomarkers and nitrosamine products MNPN) and genetic factors (MAO) and offers a basis for studies aiming to reduce or eliminate BQ-related OPMD and oral/pharyngeal cancer incidences in the future.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Humans; Mouth; Mouth Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Piper betle; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29376073
DOI: 10.1155/2017/3904098 -
AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology 1987
Topics: Adult; Angiography; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Male; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 2825498
DOI: No ID Found -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Apr 2015
Topics: Adolescent; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Nasopharynx; Neurilemmoma; Oropharynx; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25703405
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2015.01.002 -
Head & Neck Oncology Jan 2012Oral and pharyngeal cancers are the sixth most common cancers internationally. In the United States, there are about 30,000 new cases of oral and pharyngeal cancers... (Review)
Review
Oral and pharyngeal cancers are the sixth most common cancers internationally. In the United States, there are about 30,000 new cases of oral and pharyngeal cancers diagnosed each year. Furthermore, survival rates for oral and pharyngeal cancers have not significantly improved over the last three decades. This review examines the scientific literature surrounding the epidemiology of oral and pharyngeal cancers, including but not limited to risk factors, disparities, preventative factors, and the epidemiology in countries outside the United States. The literature review revealed that much of the research in this field has been focused on alcohol, tobacco, and their combined effects on oral and pharyngeal cancers. The literature on oral and pharyngeal cancer disparities among racial groups also appears to be growing. However, less literature is available on the influence of dietary factors on these cancers. Finally, effective interventions for the reduction of oral and pharyngeal cancers are discussed.
Topics: Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 22244087
DOI: 10.1186/1758-3284-4-1 -
MSMR Jul 2021The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of oral cavity and pharynx (OCP) cancer among service members in the active component military (i.e., Army, Air...
The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of oral cavity and pharynx (OCP) cancer among service members in the active component military (i.e., Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps) from 2007 through 2019, and to provide an overview of the rates and trends throughout this period. There were 443 cases of oral cavity and pharynx cancer in the active component during those 13 years. The overall male incidence rate (2.7 per 100,000 service members) was greater than the female incidence rate (1.3 per 100,000 service members). Service members 40 years or older had the highest overall incidence rate (11.3 per 100,000 service members) which was 3.4 times the next highest rate (3.3 per 100,000 service members) observed among those aged 35-39. The Army had the greatest number of cases (n=201) followed by the Air Force (n=103), Navy (n=102), and Marine Corps (n=37). The Army had the highest overall 13-year incidence rate (3.0 per 100,000 service members) when compared to the Air Force (2.4 per 100,000 service members), Navy (2.4 per 100,000 service members), and Marine Corps (1.5 per 100,000 service members). By anatomical location, cancer of the parotid gland accounted for the highest percentage of cases (16.3%).
Topics: Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Military Personnel; Mouth; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Population Surveillance; United States
PubMed: 34542258
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Dec 2022Different surgical techniques have been proposed for parapharyngeal space tumors, including transcervical, transparotid, trans-mandibular, infratemporal, and transoral.... (Review)
Review
Different surgical techniques have been proposed for parapharyngeal space tumors, including transcervical, transparotid, trans-mandibular, infratemporal, and transoral. The choice of the correct approach depends on the size, localization and nature of the tumor. The transoral approach can be used for benign prestyloid masses, such as tumors of the deep lobe of the parotid gland. It guarantees a short hospitalization without skin scars. The narrowed access represents the main limitation of this technique. This review will summarize and analyze the current knowledge about the transoral approach to parotid lesions. Thirty-seven studies were included in a qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The novelty of this review is the quantitative analyses of the clinical data reported in the included studies.
Topics: Humans; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Parotid Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Hospitalization
PubMed: 36547154
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29120740 -
Bundesgesundheitsblatt,... Aug 2021Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers (ICD-10: C00-C14) describe a heterogeneous group of tumors with strong variations in incidence, mortality, and survival by entity.
BACKGROUND
Lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers (ICD-10: C00-C14) describe a heterogeneous group of tumors with strong variations in incidence, mortality, and survival by entity.
OBJECTIVES
This work provides a detailed overview of epidemiologic measures for these tumor entities, taking into account heterogeneity in age, sex, location, and stage.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Incidence and mortality data for Germany for the years 1999-2016 were extracted from the interactive database of the Center for Cancer Registry Data (ZfKD). Age and stage distributions and five-year relative survival were calculated on the pooled ZfKD data set (diagnosis years 1999-2017).
RESULTS
In 2016, overall incidence and mortality for all entities were 17.6 and 7.0 per 100,000 men and 6.5 and 1.8 per 100,000 women, respectively. The five-year relative survival in 2015-2017 was 53 and 63%, respectively. There were marked differences in survival as well as age and stage distributions between entities. Trend analyses showed an increase in age at diagnosis, particularly in male patients, and no change in stage distributions. However, five-year relative survival increased from 45% (men) and 59% (women) in 1999-2002 to 52% and 63% in 2013-2017.
CONCLUSION
The marked heterogeneity of the studied tumors highlights the need to differentiate the analysis by sex and entity for meaningful interpretation of epidemiologic metrics. With the expansion of clinical cancer registration in Germany, additional analyses including other important clinical factors will be possible in the future.
Topics: Female; Germany; Humans; Incidence; Male; Mouth Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Registries
PubMed: 34212206
DOI: 10.1007/s00103-021-03368-z -
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Jun 2012
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Esophagus; Female; Humans; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms; Jejunostomy; Jejunum; Male; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Pharyngostomy; Pyriform Sinus
PubMed: 22632487
DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.03.046