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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &... Mar 2023As human papillomavirus positive (HPV+) oral cavity and pharynx cancer (OCPC) incidence increases significantly, our objective was to determine whether selected...
BACKGROUND
As human papillomavirus positive (HPV+) oral cavity and pharynx cancer (OCPC) incidence increases significantly, our objective was to determine whether selected sociodemographic and clinical factors were associated with HPV+ OCPCs overall and by oropharyngeal and non-oropharyngeal sites.
METHODS
Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program data were used in this study. Specifically, univariate and logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between HPV+ and HPV- OCPC cases and age, sex, race, ethnicity, marital status, factors of neighborhood socioeconomic status (i.e., nSES/Yost index) and rurality/urbanity, first malignancy status, histology, reporting source, stage at diagnosis, and OCPC anatomic site. The same approach was used to identify risk factors for HPV positivity for oropharyngeal and non-oropharyngeal OCPCs separately.
RESULTS
In all OCPCs, cases that were male, <80 years old, lived in the four highest nSES categories, diagnosed with a non-"gum and other mouth" OCPC (ref = hypopharynx), not locally staged at diagnosis, and a first malignancy had higher odds of being HPV+. Cases that were American Indian/Alaska Native and Asian or Pacific Islander (ref = White), Spanish-Hispanic-Latino ethnicity, non-married/partnered, and not reported by a hospital/clinic had lower odds of being HPV+. Associations were maintained in oropharyngeal OCPCs and only age and race remained significant for non-oropharyngeal OCPCs.
CONCLUSIONS
Sociodemographic and clinical differences in HPV+ and HPV- OCPC, overall and for (non)oropharyngeal, cases exist.
IMPACT
Identification of OCPC and (non)oropharyngeal risk factors for HPV positivity may assist in discovering high-risk groups that should receive enhanced public health efforts to reduce the U.S. OCPC burden.
Topics: Humans; Male; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Mouth Neoplasms; Incidence; SEER Program
PubMed: 36525654
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-22-0774 -
Bulletin Du Cancer Apr 2009The head-and-neck squamous-cell carcinomas (HNSCC) represent in order of frequency the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths among men in France. The term HNSCC includes... (Review)
Review
The head-and-neck squamous-cell carcinomas (HNSCC) represent in order of frequency the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths among men in France. The term HNSCC includes various anatomopathological and clinical entities with different evolution patterns. For this reason, it is necessary to identify prognostic and predictive factors able to help in the choice of the treatment. The clinical factors with a prognostic value are the tumor location, the tumor size and the lymph node status. The degree of differentiation is the most important histologic factor. More recently, the identification of molecular factors has opened the way to new therapies. Thus, the overexpression of EGFR is associated with a poor prognosis. Its inhibition improves the survival of patients. p53 mutations and cyclin D1 amplification are actually subject to intensive research. The tumors associated with HPV infection are distinguishable by a better prognosis. 18-alpha-FDG positron emission tomography emerges as a useful tool for the therapeutic evaluation. The evolution of surgical techniques, the development of induction chemotherapy regimen or concurrent ones with radiotherapy and new techniques of conformal irradiation also results in a better locoregional control.
Topics: Anemia; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Hypoxia; ErbB Receptors; Genes, p53; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Mouth Neoplasms; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasm Staging; Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Paranasal Sinuses; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Prognosis; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 19357012
DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2009.0777 -
AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology 1986The ordinary lipoma is the most common neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. Only 13% of them arise in the head and neck region and most of these occur subcutaneously in the... (Review)
Review
The ordinary lipoma is the most common neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. Only 13% of them arise in the head and neck region and most of these occur subcutaneously in the posterior neck. Rarely, they can develop in the anterior neck, infratemporal fossa, and in or around the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and parotid gland. Clinically, they can be confused with other benign lesions; however, CT allows a specific diagnosis to be made in virtually all cases. This article reviews the CT appearance and differential diagnoses of lipomas in these rare locations and discusses the rare infiltrating lipoma and the relationship between parotid lipomatosis and sialosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cheek; Child; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lipoma; Male; Middle Aged; Parotid Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tongue Neoplasms
PubMed: 3088944
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Nov 2015Radiation is a key arm in the multidisciplinary treatment of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. During the past 2 decades, significant changes in the... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Radiation is a key arm in the multidisciplinary treatment of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. During the past 2 decades, significant changes in the way radiation therapy is planned and delivered have improved efficacy and decreased toxicity. Refined approaches in the application of radiation and chemoradiation have led to organ-sparing treatment regimens for laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers and have improved local and regional control rates in the postoperative, adjuvant setting. The molecular and genetic determinants of tumor cell response to radiation have been studied, and several potential biomarkers are emerging that could further improve application and efficacy of radiation treatment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
To discuss the current understanding of potential biomarkers related to radiation response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
DATA SOURCES
Existing published literature.
CONCLUSIONS
Several potential biomarkers are actively being studied as predictors and targets to improve the use and efficacy of radiation therapy to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Several promising candidates have been defined, and new markers are on the horizon.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Mutation; Papillomavirus Infections; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
PubMed: 26046489
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0574-RA -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Dec 2021
Topics: Humans; Pharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 33863663
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2021.04.003 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2022-The recent burden of lip and oral cavity, nasopharynx and other pharynx cancer (LOCP) has not been specifically investigated in Europe. -In this descriptive...
-The recent burden of lip and oral cavity, nasopharynx and other pharynx cancer (LOCP) has not been specifically investigated in Europe. -In this descriptive epidemiological study, LOCP was categorised into lip and oral cavity cancer, nasopharynx cancer and other pharynx cancer, with European trends documented using the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD). Summary statistics included deaths, age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR), mortality rates, YLLs (years of life lost), YLDs (years of life lived with disability) and DALYS (disability-adjusted life years). -Lip and oral cavity cancer (LO) is the most dominant with the incidence decreasing from 6.2 new cases per 100,000 (95% UI: 6.1-6.4) in 1990 to 5.3 new cases per 100,000 (95% UI: 4.6-6.1). However, nasopharynx cancer (NP) and other pharynx cancer (OP) increased from 1 and 2.2 new cases per 100,000 in 1990 to 1.1 and 3.3 new cases per 100,000 in 2019, respectively. It was noted that LOCP YLLs is much higher than YLDs. In Europe, eastern European countries, specifically Hungary, have the highest burden of LOCP. When LOCP attributable to tobacco in Ireland was compared with the EU, the percentage decrease in OP DALYs attributable to tobacco is below the EU average, whereas the percentage decrease in LO attributable to tobacco in Ireland was above the EU average. -There has been a significant increase in ASIR in categories other pharynx and nasopharynx cancer since 1990, with significant geographic variations.
Topics: European Union; Global Burden of Disease; Global Health; Humans; Lip; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Pharynx; Quality-Adjusted Life Years
PubMed: 35682117
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116532 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Sep 2017Coffee is one of the most popular and consumable drinks worldwide. However, there are conflicting results on the influence of this drink in oral and pharyngeal cancer... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
Coffee is one of the most popular and consumable drinks worldwide. However, there are conflicting results on the influence of this drink in oral and pharyngeal cancer risk. To clarify this, we aimed to systemically review and carry out a meta-analysis of the relevant literature on the association between coffee and oral and pharyngeal cancer.
STUDY DESIGN
We carried out an electronic search of publications up to August 2016 from PubMed, National Library of Medicines Medline, Embase, Science Direct and the Cochrane Central Register. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to address the quality of the studies a meta-analysis was carried out using random-effects models.
RESULTS
From the 22,515 entries identified in the search, 13 case-control and 4 cohort studies were selected. With regards to quality on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, an overall value of 6.06 was obtained. The analysis for oral and pharyngeal cancer grouped together indicated a pooled OR of .69 (95% CI of .57-.84; p<.001) for high versus low coffee consumption with a moderate heterogeneity (I2: 50.3%; p=.009). Regarding studies on oral cavity cancers we observed a pooled OR of 0.82; 95% CI =.58-1.16; p=.257) and for pharyngeal cancers a pooled OR of .72 (95% CI of 0.54-.95; p=.019). There was no significant publication bias.
CONCLUSION
The results show an inverse association between high coffee consumption and the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancers, which indicates that coffee may have a protective role against these cancers. Further larger prospective observational cohort studies are needed to address any effect of other possible co-factors.
Topics: Coffee; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 28809372
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21829 -
Annals of Oncology : Official Journal... Sep 2004Cell proliferative activity has been extensively investigated in head and neck tumors. Ki67/MIB-1 immunostaining, tritiated thymidine or bromodeoxyuridine labeling... (Review)
Review
Cell proliferative activity has been extensively investigated in head and neck tumors. Ki67/MIB-1 immunostaining, tritiated thymidine or bromodeoxyuridine labeling indices, DNA S-phase fraction, proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, potential doubling time and analysis of the nucleolar organizer region associated proteins (AgNORs) have shown significant correlation with prognosis in 4806 cases of tumors of the oral cavity, salivary glands, pharynx and larynx. However, this was not observed in 2968 other reported cases. Discrepancies may depend on various factors: the heterogeneity of the series, which include tumors from various anatomic sites and patients treated with different therapy, and the lack of standardization of methods for assessing cell proliferation. Furthermore, none of the methods currently applied can by themselves define the actual proliferative activity, as it depends both on the proportion of cells committed to the cycle (growth fraction) and the speed of the cell cycle. Indeed, the actual proliferative activity of a tumor could well be measured by the equation [PA = Ki67 or MIB-1 scores x AgNORs], as we did in pharyngeal carcinoma. Provided that large and homogeneous series are evaluated by standardized methods, cell proliferative activity can still be regarded as an inexpensive and reliable prognostic factor in head and neck tumors.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Proliferation; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Ki-67 Antigen; Mouth Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Prognosis; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 15319236
DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdh299 -
Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola 2010Oral and pharyngeal cancers represent the fifth most common cancer type and the seventh cause of deaths by cancer worldwide. Few studies have assessed the risks... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
Oral and pharyngeal cancers represent the fifth most common cancer type and the seventh cause of deaths by cancer worldwide. Few studies have assessed the risks associated with occupational exposure and in many cases the results are contradictory. The objective of this study is to determine the association between occupational exposure to carcinogenic substances and risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer (including nasopharynx and hypopharynx) through a systematic review.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A literature search was carried out in MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE. The articles were selected by two independent investigators on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria (sample size, publication type, etc.).
RESULTS
10 original articles were included, all with a case-control design. The results showed that a prolonged exposure to formaldehyde may increase the risk of nasopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer, whilst other chemical products were not associated with these tumours. The exposure to different types of particles (such as wood dust in nasopharyngeal cancer) and smoke of various origins has also been associated with several oral and pharyngeal tumours.
CONCLUSIONS
The literature reviewed shows that occupational exposure to formaldehyde may be associated with an increased risk of nasopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. The results regarding other occupational exposures are not consistent, therefore additional studies with more statistical power and better design are needed to ascertain if occupation is really a relevant risk factor for these types of cancer.
Topics: Carcinogens; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 19850270
DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2009.03.009 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2013Betel quid (BQ) products, with or without tobacco, have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as group I human carcinogens that are... (Review)
Review
Betel quid (BQ) products, with or without tobacco, have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as group I human carcinogens that are associated with an elevated risk of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. There are estimated 600 million BQ users worldwide. In Taiwan alone there are 2 million habitual users (approximately 10% of the population). Oral and pharyngeal cancers result from interactions between genes and environmental factors (BQ exposure). Cytochrome p450 (CYP) families are implicated in the metabolic activation of BQ- and areca nut-specific nitrosamines. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge base regarding CYP genetic variants and related oral disorders. In clinical applications, we focus on cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx and OPMDs associated with CYP gene polymorphisms, including CYP1A1, CYP2A6, CYP2E1, and CYP26B1. Our discussion of CYP polymorphisms provides insight into the importance of screening tests in OPMDs patients for the prevention of oral and pharyngeal cancers. Future studies will establish a strong foundation for the development of chemoprevention strategies, polymorphism-based clinical diagnostic tools (e.g., specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) "barcodes"), and effective treatments for BQ-related oral disorders.
Topics: Areca; Carcinogens; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Taiwan
PubMed: 23983642
DOI: 10.1155/2013/618032