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The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Mar 1984Two cats with phaeohyphomycosis, one infected with Phialophora verrucosa and the other with Exophiala jeanselmei, were treated with ketaconazole alone and in combination...
Two cats with phaeohyphomycosis, one infected with Phialophora verrucosa and the other with Exophiala jeanselmei, were treated with ketaconazole alone and in combination with 5-fluorocytosine after recurrence of the infections following surgical excision. The drugs were given orally at various doses and for various lengths of time, but were ineffective. Hepatocellular damage occurred in one cat.
PubMed: 17422372
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2020Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis caused by traumatic implantation of many species of black fungi. Due to the refractoriness of some cases and...
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis caused by traumatic implantation of many species of black fungi. Due to the refractoriness of some cases and common recurrence of CBM, a more effective and less time-consuming treatment is mandatory. The aim of this study was to identify compounds with in vitro antifungal activity in the Pathogen Box® compound collection against different CBM agents. Synergism of these compounds with drugs currently used to treat CBM was also assessed. An initial screening of the drugs present in this collection at 1 μM was performed with a Fonsecaea pedrosoi clinical strain according to the EUCAST protocol. The compounds with activity against this fungus were also tested against other seven etiologic agents of CBM (Cladophialophora carrionii, Phialophora verrucosa, Exophiala jeanselmei, Exophiala dermatitidis, Fonsecaea monophora, Fonsecaea nubica, and Rhinocladiella similis) at concentrations ranging from 0.039 to 10 μM. The analysis of potential synergism of these compounds with itraconazole and terbinafine was performed by the checkerboard method. Eight compounds inhibited more than 60% of the F. pedrosoi growth: difenoconazole, bitertanol, iodoquinol, azoxystrobin, MMV688179, MMV021013, trifloxystrobin, and auranofin. Iodoquinol produced the lowest MIC values (1.25-2.5 μM) and MMV688179 showed MICs that were higher than all compounds tested (5 - >10 μM). When auranofin and itraconazole were tested in combination, a synergistic interaction (FICI = 0.37) was observed against the C. carrionii isolate. Toxicity analysis revealed that MMV021013 showed high selectivity indices (SI ≥ 10) against the fungi tested. In summary, auranofin, iodoquinol, and MMV021013 were identified as promising compounds to be tested in CBM models of infection.
Topics: Acetates; Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; Auranofin; Biphenyl Compounds; Chromoblastomycosis; Dioxolanes; Drug Synergism; Exophiala; Fungi; Humans; Imines; Iodoquinol; Pyrimidines; Strobilurins; Triazoles
PubMed: 32401759
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229630 -
Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi = Japanese... 2007We report a case of a 67-year-old woman with chromomycosis on the left upper arm. The plaque was a very small, erythematous and scaly lesion with a diameter of 1.5 cm.... (Review)
Review
[A case of chromomycosis caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi presenting as a small plaque on the left upper arm: a review of reported cases of dematiaceous fungal infection in Japan].
We report a case of a 67-year-old woman with chromomycosis on the left upper arm. The plaque was a very small, erythematous and scaly lesion with a diameter of 1.5 cm. Fonsecaea pedrosoi was isolated as the causal fungus, and a number of Phialophora type conidia, the formation of which is considered rare, were observed. Treatment involved surgical excision of the lesion with a 5 mm margin. Follow up three years later revealed no recurrence. In Japan, 536 patients with chromomycosis were reported from 1955 to 2004. This consisted of 296 cases from 1955 to 1981 as reported by Fukushiro, and 240 cases from 1982 to 2004 as reviewed by us. Our examination of data showed that the most common causal fungi was F. pedrosoi with 137 cases (57.15%), followed by Exophiala jeanselmei with a total of 41 cases (17.15%), other fungal species comprised of 16 cases (6.7%), Phialophora verrucosa in 9 cases ( 3.8%) and E. dermatitidis in 4 cases (1.7%). Compared to the previous report by Fukushiro, the incidence of infection with E. jeanselmei had increased. Of the 235 cases we reported, the site of infection involved: upper extremities in 91 (38.7%), face and neck in 42 (17.9%), buttocks in 41 (17.4%), lower extremities in 33 (14%) and body in 23 (9.8%). Compared to Fukushiro's report, cases affecting the lower extremities had decreased, whilst cases involving the buttocks had increased. Overall, the treatment for chromomycosis was either oral administration of antifungal agents, excision, thermotherapy, or a combination of these methods.
Topics: Aged; Arm; Ascomycota; Chromoblastomycosis; Female; Humans
PubMed: 17502843
DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.48.85 -
Revista Do Instituto de Medicina... 2008The gelatinase, urease, lipase, phospholipase and DNase activities of 11 chromoblastomycosis agents constituted by strains of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, F. compacta,...
The gelatinase, urease, lipase, phospholipase and DNase activities of 11 chromoblastomycosis agents constituted by strains of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, F. compacta, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladosporium carrionii, Cladophialophora bantiana and Exophiala jeanselmei were analyzed and compared. All strains presented urease, gelatinase and lipase activity. Phospholipase activity was detected only on five of six strains of F. pedrosoi. DNase activity was not detected on the strains studied. Our results indicate that only phospholipase production, induced by egg yolk substrate, was useful for the differentiation of the taxonomically related species studied, based on their enzymatic profile.
Topics: Chromoblastomycosis; Humans; Hydrolases; Mitosporic Fungi
PubMed: 18949343
DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652008000500004 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Feb 1982A cutaneous granuloma which developed on the muzzle of a nine year old cat was shown by histopathology to have been caused by a dematiaceous fungus which was cultured...
A cutaneous granuloma which developed on the muzzle of a nine year old cat was shown by histopathology to have been caused by a dematiaceous fungus which was cultured and identified as Phialophora verrucosa.
PubMed: 17422109
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Apr 2015Exophiala species are mostly responsible for skin infections. Invasive Exophiala dermatitidis disease is a rare and frequently fatal infection, with 42 cases reported....
BACKGROUND
Exophiala species are mostly responsible for skin infections. Invasive Exophiala dermatitidis disease is a rare and frequently fatal infection, with 42 cases reported. About half of these cases had no known risk factors. Similarly, invasive Exophiala spinifera disease is extremely rare, with only 3 cases reported, all in patients with no known immunodeficiency. Autosomal recessive CARD9 deficiency has recently been reported in otherwise healthy patients with severe fungal diseases caused by Candida species, dermatophytes, or Phialophora verrucosa.
METHODS
We investigated an 8-year-old girl from a nonconsanguineous Angolan kindred, who was born in France and developed disseminated E. dermatitidis disease and a 26 year-old woman from an Iranian consaguineous kindred, who was living in Iran and developed disseminated E. spinifera disease. Both patients were otherwise healthy.
RESULTS
We sequenced CARD9 and found both patients to be homozygous for loss-of-function mutations (R18W and E323del). The first patient had segmental uniparental disomy of chromosome 9, carrying 2 copies of the maternal CARD9 mutated allele.
CONCLUSIONS
These are the first 2 patients with inherited CARD9 deficiency and invasive Exophiala disease to be described. CARD9 deficiency should thus be considered in patients with unexplained invasive Exophiala species disease, even in the absence of other infections.
Topics: Adult; Alleles; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Child; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; Exophiala; Female; Homozygote; Humans; Mutation; Phaeohyphomycosis
PubMed: 25057046
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu412 -
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology Jan 2004The nucleotide sequences of the D1/D2 domains of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA for 76 strains of 46 species of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi and related taxa were...
The nucleotide sequences of the D1/D2 domains of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA for 76 strains of 46 species of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi and related taxa were determined. Intra-species sequence diversity of medically important dematiaceous fungi including Phialophora verrucosa, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Fonsecaea compacta, Cladophialophora carrionii, Cladophialophora bantiana, Exophiala dermatitidis, Exophiala jeanselmei, Exophiala spinifera, Exophiala moniliae, and Hortaea werneckii were extremely small; as few as 0 changes were detected in C. bantiana, Fonsecaea and Exophiala species, 1 bp in C. carrionii and H. werneckii, and 2 bp in P. verrucosa. Inter-species nucleotide diversity between most species was higher. These data suggested that the D1/D2 domain is sufficiently variable for identification of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi and relevant species. The phylogenetic trees constructed from the sequence data revealed that most human pathogenic species formed a single cluster and that Cladosporium and Phialophora species were distributed polyphyletically into several clusters.
Topics: Ascomycota; Cladosporium; DNA, Fungal; DNA, Ribosomal; Dermatomycoses; Exophiala; Fungi; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Indicators and Reagents; Mitosporic Fungi; Molecular Sequence Data; Mycological Typing Techniques; Mycology; Phialophora; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 14734185
DOI: 10.1016/S0928-8244(03)00275-X -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Jan 2003An otherwise healthy 85-year-old woman presented with purulent multifocal subcutaneous nodules on the dorsal side of the right forearm and hand. Histopathologic...
An otherwise healthy 85-year-old woman presented with purulent multifocal subcutaneous nodules on the dorsal side of the right forearm and hand. Histopathologic examination of the biopsied specimen showed a subcutaneous granuloma with central abscess and necrosis, consistent with phaeomycotic cyst. Faint brown septate hyphae and moniliform fungal elements were found in the granuloma. Culture of the discharge grew Phialophora verrucosa. This fungus has rarely been reported as a pathogen of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis usually presents as a single lesion. In this case of multifocal lesions, initial imperfect excision seems to have caused satellite lesions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of multifocal subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by P verrucosa. The disease responded to oral itraconazole administration.
Topics: Aged; Cysts; Dermatomycoses; Female; Granuloma; Humans; Hyphae; Phialophora; Subcutaneous Tissue
PubMed: 12521375
DOI: 10.5858/2003-127-91-MSPCBP -
Revista Do Instituto de Medicina... 1999Antigenic preparations (saline, methylic, metabolic and exoantigens) of four agents of chromoblastomycosis, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladophialophora...
Antigenic preparations (saline, methylic, metabolic and exoantigens) of four agents of chromoblastomycosis, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladophialophora (Cladosporium) carrionii and Rhinocladiella aquaspersa were obtained. Partial chemical characterization of these antigenic preparations was obtained by determination of the levels of total lipids, protein, and carbohydrates, and identification of the main sterols and carbohydrates. Methylic antigens presented the highest lipid contents, whereas metabolic antigens showed the highest carbohydrate content. Total lipid, protein, and carbohydrate levels were in the range of 2.33 to 2.00 mg/ml, 0.04 to 0.02 mg/ml and 0.10 to 0.02 mg/ml, respectively, in the methylic antigens and in the range of 0. 53 to 0.18 mg/ml, 0.44 to 0.26 mg/ml, and 1.82 to 1.02 mg/ml, respectively, in saline antigens. Total lipid, protein, and carbohydrate contents were in the range of 0.55 to 0.20 mg/ml, 0.69 to 0.57 mg/ml and 10.73 to 5.93 mg/ml, respectively, in the metabolic antigens, and in the range of 0.55 to 0.15 mg/ml, 0.62 to 0.20 mg/ml and 3.55 to 0.42 mg/ml, respectively, in the exoantigens. Phospholipids were not detected in the preparations. Saline and metabolic antigens and exoantigens presented hexose and the methylic antigen revealed additional pentose units in their composition. The UV light absorption spectra of the sterols revealed squalene and an ergosterol fraction in the antigens. The characterization of these antigenic preparations may be useful for serological evaluation of patients of chromoblastomycosis.
Topics: Antigens, Fungal; Bacterial Proteins; Carbohydrates; Chromoblastomycosis; Lipids; Mitosporic Fungi; Sterols
PubMed: 10671287
DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651999000600003 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy May 2004In this study, we evaluated the in vitro activity of anidulafungin against selected mold isolates. Anidulafungin showed promising activity against Bipolaris spicifera,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
In this study, we evaluated the in vitro activity of anidulafungin against selected mold isolates. Anidulafungin showed promising activity against Bipolaris spicifera, Exophiala jeanselmei, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Madurella mycetomatis, Penicillium marneffei, Phialophora verrucosa, Pseudallescheria boydii, Sporothrix schenckii, and Wangiella dermatitidis.
Topics: Amphotericin B; Anidulafungin; Antifungal Agents; Echinocandins; Fungi; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peptides, Cyclic; Pyrimidines; Triazoles; Voriconazole
PubMed: 15105159
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.5.1912-1915.2004