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Scandinavian Journal of Immunology Oct 2006Chromoblastomycosis is characterized by the slow development of polymorphic skin lesions (nodules, verrucas, tumores, plaques and scar tissue). Inside the host,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Phagocytosis, production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages in the presence of dematiaceous [correction of dematiaceus] fungi that cause chromoblastomycosis.
Chromoblastomycosis is characterized by the slow development of polymorphic skin lesions (nodules, verrucas, tumores, plaques and scar tissue). Inside the host, infectious propagules adhere to epithelial cells and differentiate into sclerotic forms, which effectively resist destruction by host effector cells and allow onset of chronic disease. A cellular immune response against fungi is essential to control infection. Amongst the cells of the immune system, macrophages play the most important role in controlling fungal growth. In this study, we show that the fungicidal characteristic of macrophages is dependent on the fungal species that causes chromoblastomycosis. We began by observing that the phagocytic index was higher for Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Rhinocladiella aquaspersa compared with that of other fungi. Complement-mediated phagocytosis was more important for Phialophora verrucosa and R. aquaspersa and was inhibited by mannan when F. pedrosoi and R. aquaspersa conidia were phagocytosed by macrophages. We showed that macrophages killed significantly only R. aquaspersa. We also found that the phagocytosis of fungi has functional consequences for macrophages as phagocytosis resulted in down-modulation of MHC-II and CD80 expression as well as in the inhibition of the basal liberation of NO. However, the inhibition of the basal liberation of NO nor the down-modulation of MHC and co-stimulatory molecules were observed in the presence of R. aquaspersa.
Topics: Animals; Ascomycota; Cells, Cultured; Chromoblastomycosis; Cytokines; Exophiala; Female; Inflammation Mediators; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nitric Oxide; Phagocytosis; Phialophora; Species Specificity; Virulence
PubMed: 16970678
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01804.x -
The Journal of Medical Research Jul 1915
PubMed: 19972251
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 2004Cladophialophora carrionii is one of the relatively common causative agents of chromoblastomycosis. We have developed the specific oligonucleotide primer set based on...
Cladophialophora carrionii is one of the relatively common causative agents of chromoblastomycosis. We have developed the specific oligonucleotide primer set based on the internal transcribed spacer regions of ribosomal DNA for the rapid identification of this pathogen. PCR with this primer set amplified a 362-bp amplicon from C. carrionii strains. From other relevant dematiaceous species, including medically important dematiaceous fungi, such as Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, and Exophiala dermatitidis, and eight species of medically important yeasts, such as Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, the primer set did not produce any amplicon. PCR with this primer set may be a useful tool for the identification of C. carrionii.
Topics: Chromoblastomycosis; Cladosporium; DNA Primers; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 14715791
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.1.404-407.2004 -
Journal of Bacteriology Mar 1965Gordon, Morris A. (New York State Department of Health, Albany), and Yousef Al-Doory. Application of fluorescent-antibody procedures to the study of pathogenic...
Gordon, Morris A. (New York State Department of Health, Albany), and Yousef Al-Doory. Application of fluorescent-antibody procedures to the study of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi. II. Serological relationships of the genus Fonsecaea. J. Bacteriol. 89:551-556. 1965.-The staining spectra of fluorescein-labeled antiglobulins to Fonsecaea compactum, F. dermatitidis, and F. pedrosoi were determined with respect to 71 strains of morphologically related and 21 miscellaneous molds (including so-called "black yeasts"). All three conjugates showed considerable reaction with saprophytic Cladosporium spp. F. dermatitidis appeared to be most closely related serologically to the genus Cladosporium; F. compactum conjugate was fairly specific; and the few non-specific reactions of diluted F. pedrosoi reagent were almost unexceptionally with species of Fonsecaea and Cladosporium. Most strains of F. pedrosoi were unstained by F. compactum conjugate, and there was very little relationship shown between either of these species and Phialophora verrucosa. Conjugates of two strains of P. verrucosa failed to react with any of the three species of Fonsecaea. The possible significance of these results for classification of the "black yeasts" and other dematiaceous molds is discussed.
Topics: Ascomycota; Cladosporium; Classification; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Fungi; Mitosporic Fungi; Phialophora; Research
PubMed: 14273627
DOI: 10.1128/jb.89.3.551-556.1965