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International Maritime Health 2021Military physical readiness largely depends on soldiers maintaining their general health and physical fitness at a level which enables them to perform their requisite...
BACKGROUND
Military physical readiness largely depends on soldiers maintaining their general health and physical fitness at a level which enables them to perform their requisite occupational duties in garrison and deployment environments. Understanding the physical fitness of naval cadets throughout its formative stages will help us define a training programme tailored to their needs. The objective of this study was to analyse the physical fitness of cadets enrolled in military training in the academic year 2018-2019 in the Military Naval Academy in Marín, Spain.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A longitudinal correlational-descriptive design was undertaken. 167 of the 292 students who participated in the global analysis participated in the pre and post (first and second semester) physical fitness tests (153 males and 14 females, mean age 21.9 ± 3.5) and were stratified into age groups. Anthropometric measurements and data from the Spanish army physical fitness assessment system (2 min push-ups, 1000 and 50 m races, vertical jump and 50 m swimming) were used. A descriptive, inferential, and correlational analysis was carried out and the level of significance set for the study was p ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
Inferential analysis between age group markers and over the total sample shows statistical differences for the total sample in the 1000 m and 50 m race (p < 0.001) and in vertical jump test (p < 0.010). There was significant statistical correlation between all five tests undertaken.
CONCLUSIONS
The level of physical fitness of cadets at the Military Naval Academy in Marín, Spain appears to be acceptable when compared to other countries' military naval corps. Coherence between training and evaluation is extremely important, and a re-evaluation of stamina and strength training is probably advisable.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Male; Military Personnel; Physical Examination; Physical Fitness; Swimming; Young Adult
PubMed: 33829468
DOI: 10.5603/IMH.2021.0002 -
American Family Physician Aug 2006A combination of aerobic activity, strength training, and flexibility exercises, plus increased general daily activity can reduce medication dependence and health care... (Review)
Review
A combination of aerobic activity, strength training, and flexibility exercises, plus increased general daily activity can reduce medication dependence and health care costs while maintaining functional independence and improving quality of life in older adults. However, patients often do not benefit fully from exercise prescriptions because they receive vague or inappropriate instructions. Effective exercise prescriptions include recommendations on frequency, intensity, type, time, and progression of exercise that follow disease-specific guidelines. Changes in physical activity require multiple motivational strategies including exercise instruction as well as goal-setting, self-monitoring, and problem-solving education. Helping patients identify emotionally rewarding and physically appropriate activities, contingencies, and social support will increase exercise continuation rates and facilitate desirable health outcomes. Through patient contact and community advocacy, physicians can promote lifestyle patterns that are essential for healthy aging.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Exercise; Health Status; Heart Rate; Humans; Life Style; Middle Aged; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 16913163
DOI: No ID Found -
Trends in Cognitive Sciences May 2018Based on modern theories of signal evolution and animal communication, the behavioral ecology view of facial displays (BECV) reconceives our 'facial expressions of... (Review)
Review
Based on modern theories of signal evolution and animal communication, the behavioral ecology view of facial displays (BECV) reconceives our 'facial expressions of emotion' as social tools that serve as lead signs to contingent action in social negotiation. BECV offers an externalist, functionalist view of facial displays that is not bound to Western conceptions about either expressions or emotions. It easily accommodates recent findings of diversity in facial displays, their public context-dependency, and the curious but common occurrence of solitary facial behavior. Finally, BECV restores continuity of human facial behavior research with modern functional accounts of non-human communication, and provides a non-mentalistic account of facial displays well-suited to new developments in artificial intelligence and social robotics.
Topics: Animals; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Emotions; Facial Expression; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Peer Influence; Social Behavior
PubMed: 29544997
DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.02.006 -
Revista Espanola de Salud Publica Aug 2020Despite knowing that the practice of physical activity can positively influence the health of older people, there are variables such as the risk of dependency and the...
OBJECTIVE
Despite knowing that the practice of physical activity can positively influence the health of older people, there are variables such as the risk of dependency and the level of self-esteem that can mediate people´s quality of life. The objective of this study was to know the relationship between the risk of dependence and level of self-esteem in older people.
METHODS
515 seniors between 60 and 90 years old were interviewed. A single measurement was made, using different scales and validated questionnaires (Rosenberg personal self-esteem scale, Barber test and Modified Baecke PAQ questionnaire). Statistical analyzes (with the SPSS v. 23.0 program) descriptive, ANOVA, linear regression analysis and correlations were performed.
RESULTS
89.1% had dependency risk, 32.6% were physically active and 43.3% had low self-esteem. The level of physical activity practice showed significant differences (p<0.001) favorable to active people, who had a lower risk of dependence, better self-esteem and lower consumption of medications than sedentary ones.
CONCLUSIONS
The practice of physical activity helps reduce drug consumption, which improves the self-esteem of the elderly and decreases the risk of dependence.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dependency, Psychological; Drug Utilization; Exercise; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Risk; Self Concept; Spain; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32852480
DOI: No ID Found -
Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang... Apr 2014The pathogenesis and management of lateral epicondylalgia, or tennis elbow, a common ailment affecting middle-aged subjects of both genders continue to provoke... (Review)
Review
The pathogenesis and management of lateral epicondylalgia, or tennis elbow, a common ailment affecting middle-aged subjects of both genders continue to provoke controversy. Currently it is thought to be due to local tendon pathology, pain system changes, and motor system impairment. Its diagnosis is usually clinical, based on a classical history, as well as symptoms and signs. In selected cases, additional imaging (X-rays, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging) can help to confirm the diagnosis. Different treatment modalities have been described, including the use of orthotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid injections, topical glyceryl trinitrate, exercise therapy, manual therapy, ultrasound therapy, laser therapy, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, acupuncture, taping, platelet-rich plasma injections, hyaluronan gel injections, botulinum toxin injections, and surgery. Nevertheless, evidence to select the best treatment is lacking and the choice of therapy depends on the experience of the management team, availability of the equipment and expertise, and patient response. This article provides a snapshot of current medical practice for lateral epicondylalgia management.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Administration, Topical; Athletic Tape; Botulinum Toxins; Braces; Exercise Therapy; Glucocorticoids; High-Energy Shock Waves; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Injections, Intra-Articular; Laser Therapy; Massage; Muscle Strength; Neurotoxins; Nitroglycerin; Orthopedic Procedures; Pain Perception; Physical Examination; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Tennis Elbow; Ultrasonic Therapy; Vasodilator Agents; Viscosupplements
PubMed: 24584568
DOI: 10.12809/hkmj134110 -
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical... 2020The contributors to and consequences of disordered health are increasingly complex with sociodemographic, ecological, economic and food system change. But there are...
The contributors to and consequences of disordered health are increasingly complex with sociodemographic, ecological, economic and food system change. But there are opportunities for any adversity to be mitigated by advances in the understanding of human, especially nutritional, ecobiology and in its more accessible and affordable evaluation and monitoring. Viral pandemics are on the rise with climate change and loss of ecosystems. They threaten human civilisation and planetary habitability. Human security is dependent on sustainable livelihoods of which food and water systems are a vital part. We are socioecological beings and depend for our health on biodiversity and the food diversity that ensures; and on connectedness and communication, made more difficult in pandemics. Rapid and accessible point-of-care (POC) tools are now becoming available to compliment other selfmonitoring network approaches, whether checklist or questionnaire, physical, chemical, or biological, for healthcare and nutritional health. They can provide information as several complimentary and interdependent health indices to facilitate personal, group and community action and management plans. This applies to indices of both communicable and non-communicable disease which problems separately and together are compromising health prospects. These indices include ones of physical and mental activities, dietary patterns, metabolites, blood pressure and now the presence and severity of viruses like Covid-19.Of imminent relevance and promise are optically- readable biosensor based strips for nasal, pharyngeal or salivary samples to check viral presence or finger prick blood for immunoglobulins and interleukins. These should allow less socially prohibitive measures to curb viral transmission and promote personal and societal wellbeing.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; Blood Pressure; COVID-19; Climate Change; Coronavirus Infections; Ecosystem; Food Supply; Health Behavior; Humans; Hypertension; Pandemics; Physical Examination; Pneumonia, Viral; Point-of-Care Systems; SARS-CoV-2; Self Care; Social Behavior; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; Telemedicine
PubMed: 32990602
DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202009_29(3).0001 -
American Family Physician Apr 2000The most common breast problems for which women consult a physician are breast pain, nipple discharge and a palpable mass. Most women with these complaints have benign... (Review)
Review
The most common breast problems for which women consult a physician are breast pain, nipple discharge and a palpable mass. Most women with these complaints have benign breast disease. Breast pain alone is rarely a presenting symptom of cancer, and imaging studies should be reserved for use in women who fall within usual screening guidelines. A nipple discharge can be characterized as physiologic or pathologic based on the findings of the history and physical examination. A pathologic discharge is an indication for terminal duct excision. A dominant breast mass requires histologic diagnosis. A breast cyst can be diagnosed and treated by aspiration. The management of a solid mass depends on the degree of clinical suspicion and the patient's age.
Topics: Algorithms; Biopsy; Breast Diseases; Decision Trees; Family Practice; Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Mastectomy, Segmental; Medical History Taking; Pain; Physical Examination
PubMed: 10794579
DOI: No ID Found -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Feb 2019Idiopathic pes planus is common and usually physiologic. Decompensation, when it occurs, may be obvious or on the contrary difficult to identify, raising challenges in... (Review)
Review
Idiopathic pes planus is common and usually physiologic. Decompensation, when it occurs, may be obvious or on the contrary difficult to identify, raising challenges in patient selection for surgical treatment. The physical examination of a child with pes planus must include an evaluation in the supine position, which helps to adjust the amount of correction during surgery. The many reported surgical procedures include repositioning (talus-reseating, subtalar implants and calcaneo-stop screw), osteotomies and joint fusions. The primary treatment goal is to achieve full architectural correction of the deformity. Selection of the procedure depends on patient age and reducibility of the deformity. The joint lines should be preserved whenever possible. Triceps surae contracture should be sought and corrected if found.
Topics: Arthrodesis; Child; Flatfoot; Humans; Joint Prosthesis; Osteotomy; Patient Selection; Physical Examination; Postoperative Care; Preoperative Care; Radiography; Subtalar Joint; Tarsal Bones
PubMed: 29709656
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2018.03.010 -
Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical... Jun 2021Mercury is a toxic substance that is commonly used in skin lightening products. Various effects on humans have been observed, which affect both users and non-users. Many... (Review)
Review
Mercury is a toxic substance that is commonly used in skin lightening products. Various effects on humans have been observed, which affect both users and non-users. Many studies reported delayed diagnosis and treatment, even after weeks of hospitalization. The possible reasons are non-specific clinical manifestation and lack of awareness and knowledge regarding chronic mercury intoxication secondary to skin lightening products. A thorough history of mercury exposure is crucial. Physical assessment and relevant supporting tests are indicated to establish a diagnosis. Blood and urine mercury levels are an essential examination for diagnosis and monitoring of the progress and response to treatment. The primary treatment is the discontinuation of the skin lightening products. Chelation therapy is not mandatory and is usually indicated for symptomatic patients. The prognosis depends on the duration of the product use, concentration of mercury in the skin product, and the severity of clinical presentation.
Topics: Algorithms; Chelation Therapy; Cosmetics; Humans; Mercury Poisoning; Skin Pigmentation
PubMed: 32415819
DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.4759 -
International Journal of Rehabilitation... Dec 2017Older adults with reduced physical capacity are at greater risk of progression to care dependency. Progressive resistance strength exercise and multimodal exercise have... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Older adults with reduced physical capacity are at greater risk of progression to care dependency. Progressive resistance strength exercise and multimodal exercise have been studied to restore reduced physical capacity. To summarize the best evidence of the two exercise regimes, this meta-analysis study appraised randomized-controlled trials from published systematic reviews. Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials were searched for relevant systematic reviews. Two reviewers independently screened the relevant systematic reviews to identify eligible trials, assessed trial methodological quality, and extracted data. RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze data on muscle strength, physical functioning, activities of daily living, and falls. Twenty-three eligible trials were identified from 22 systematic reviews. The mean age of the trial participants was 75 years or older. Almost all multimodal exercise trials included muscle strengthening exercise and balance exercise. Progressive resistance exercise is effective in improving muscle strength of the lower extremity and static standing balance. Multimodal exercise is effective in improving muscle strength of the lower extremity, dynamic standing balance, gait speed, and chair stand. In addition, multimodal exercise is effective in reducing falls. Neither type of exercise was effective in improving activities of daily living. For older adults with reduced physical capacity, multimodal exercise appears to have a broad effect on improving muscle strength, balance, and physical functioning of the lower extremity, and reducing falls relative to progressive resistance exercise alone.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Aged; Disabled Persons; Exercise Therapy; Gait; Humans; Mobility Limitation; Muscle Strength; Muscle Weakness; Postural Balance; Walking Speed
PubMed: 29023317
DOI: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000249