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Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Feb 2015Thoracic and lumbar fractures represent approximately 50% of neurologic spinal trauma. They lead to paraplegia or cauda equina syndrome depending on the level injured.... (Review)
Review
Thoracic and lumbar fractures represent approximately 50% of neurologic spinal trauma. They lead to paraplegia or cauda equina syndrome depending on the level injured. In the acute phase, the extension of spinal cord lesions should be limited by immediately treating secondary systemic injury factors. Quick recovery of hemodynamic stability, with mean arterial blood pressure>85 mm Hg, appears essential. There is no clinical evidence in favor of high-dose corticosteroid protocols. Their effect on neurologic recovery is unproven, whereas they lead to a higher rate of secondary septic and pulmonary complications. Incomplete deficits (ASIA B-D) require urgent surgery. There is no consensus with regard to complete paraplegia (ASIA A), but early surgery can enable neurologic recovery in some cases. The principle of surgical treatment is based on spinal cord decompression, instrumentation and fracture reduction. Early stabilization of the spine improves respiratory function and shortens the duration of mechanical ventilation and thus intensive care unit stay. Depending on the severity of associated lesions, early surgery within 48 hours is beneficial in polytrauma patients. Percutaneous instrumentation combined with mini-open posterior decompression stabilizes the spine, limiting approach-related morbidity.
Topics: Decompression, Surgical; Diagnostic Imaging; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Neurologic Examination; Neuroprotective Agents; Paraplegia; Physical Examination; Spinal Cord; Spinal Fractures; Spinal Fusion; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Thoracic Vertebrae
PubMed: 25577599
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2014.06.024 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2023It is unclear if various types and domains of exercise have an identical effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, this study aimed to investigate...
It is unclear if various types and domains of exercise have an identical effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, this study aimed to investigate associations of different physical activity domains and muscle strength exercise with NAFLD using a nation-wide cohort database. Adults aged 20-79 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2014 and 2018 were analyzed. Hepatic steatosis index was used to identify NAFLD. Physical activity was assessed with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Of 21,015 participants, 4942 (23.5%) had NAFLD. Participants with ≥ 150 min/week of total physical activity had a lower risk of NAFLD than those with < 150 min/week (the fully adjusted OR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.95). When the individual domain of physical activity was assessed, ≥ 150 min/week of recreation activity was associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD (OR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.67-0.88), whereas ≥ 150 min/week of travel or work activity was not. The fully adjusted OR for NAFLD comparing participants with ≥ 2/week to those with < 2/week of muscle strength exercise was 0.83 (95% CI 0.73-0.94). Muscle strength exercise ≥ 2/week showed a lower risk of NAFLD for all levels of total and each specific domains of physical activity except for ≥ 150 min/week of work activity. An increased level of physical activity and muscle strength exercise was associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD, albeit the effect varied depending on domains of physical activity. Thus, physical activity should be differentiated by domains for the management of NAFLD. Muscle strength exercise could also be a good option for individuals who could not perform moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Cohort Studies; Nutrition Surveys; Exercise; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 36959316
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31686-6 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2021How do skilled players change their motion patterns depending on motion effort? Pitchers commonly accelerate wrist and elbow joint rotations via proximal joint motions....
How do skilled players change their motion patterns depending on motion effort? Pitchers commonly accelerate wrist and elbow joint rotations via proximal joint motions. Contrastingly, they show individually different pitching motions, such as in wind-up or follow-through. Despite the generality of the uniform and diverse features, effort-dependent effects on these features are unclear. Here, we reveal the effort dependence based on muscle activity data in natural three-dimensional pitching performed by skilled players. We extract motor modules and their effort dependence from the muscle activity data via tensor decomposition. Then, we reveal the unknown relations among motor modules, common features, unique features, and effort dependence. The current study clarifies that common features are obvious in distinguishing between low and high effort and that unique features are evident in differentiating high and highest efforts.
Topics: Acceleration; Adult; Athletes; Baseball; Biomechanical Phenomena; Elbow Joint; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Activity; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Physical Exertion; Range of Motion, Articular; Shoulder Joint; Wrist Joint; Young Adult
PubMed: 33859271
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87614-z -
Annals of Saudi Medicine 2016Exposure to nicotine via tobacco smoking may influence leptin release and decrease food intake among smokers. However, the effect of nicotine exposure on leptin and food...
BACKGROUND
Exposure to nicotine via tobacco smoking may influence leptin release and decrease food intake among smokers. However, the effect of nicotine exposure on leptin and food intake among different nicotine dependent groups is unclear.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to measure leptin and calorie intake among different nicotine dependent groups.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
Research department in school of medical sciences.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Subjects were selected by purposive (non-probability) sampling and categorized as having low, moderate and high nicotine dependency based on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score. Diet was recorded by interview. Anthropometry, blood pressure, body composition, lipid profile, and physical activity level were measured accordingly. Fasting serum leptin was measured using a commercial ELISA kit.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Nicotine dependency, 24-hour diet, clinical anthropometric and clinical measurements.
RESULTS
In 107 Malay male smokers leptin concentration was inversely correlated with nicotine dependence. However, body weight, smoking period, blood pressure, body composition, lipid profile and physical activity level were not significantly different among low, moderately and highly dependent smoking groups. Leptin concentration and total calorie intake were also not significantly different among these groups.
CONCLUSION
Leptin concentration was inversely correlated with nicotine dependence, but leptin concentration and total calorie intake status were not significantly different among our different nicotine dependency subjects.
LIMITATIONS
Purposive sampling for subject recruitment and inaccurate information in the self-administered questionnaire.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Energy Intake; Exercise; Female; Humans; Leptin; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder
PubMed: 27920412
DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2016.404 -
Journal of Behavioral Addictions Sep 2014Exercise may become physically and psychologically maladaptive if taken to extremes. One example is the dependence reported by some individuals who engage in weight...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Exercise may become physically and psychologically maladaptive if taken to extremes. One example is the dependence reported by some individuals who engage in weight training. The current study explored potential psychological, motivational, emotional and behavioural concomitants of bodybuilding dependence, with a particular focus on motives for weight training. Using a path analysis paradigm, putative causal models sought to explain associations among key study variables.
METHODS
A convenience sample of 101 men aged between 18 and 67 years was assembled from gymnasia in Adelaide, South Australia. Active weight trainers voluntarily completed a questionnaire that included measures of bodybuilding dependence (social dependency, training dependency, and mastery), anger, hostility and aggression, stress and motivations for weight training.
RESULTS
Three motives for weight training were identified: mood control, physique anxiety and personal challenge. Of these, personal challenge and mood control were the most directly salient to dependence. Social dependency was particularly relevant to personal challenge, whereas training dependency was associated with both personal challenge and mood control. Mastery demonstrated a direct link with physique anxiety, thus reflecting a unique component of exercise dependence.
CONCLUSIONS
While it was not possible to determine causality with the available data, the joint roles of variables that influence, or are influenced by, bodybuilding dependence are identified. RESULTS highlight unique motivations for bodybuilding and suggest that dependence could be a result of, and way of coping with, stress manifesting as aggression. A potential framework for future research is provided through the demonstration of plausible causal linkages among these variables.
PubMed: 25317342
DOI: 10.1556/JBA.3.2014.3.6 -
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Apr 2022The authors hypothesize that an untargeted metabolomics study will identify novel mechanisms underlying smoking-associated weight loss.
OBJECTIVE
The authors hypothesize that an untargeted metabolomics study will identify novel mechanisms underlying smoking-associated weight loss.
METHODS
This study performed cross-sectional analyses among 1,252 participants in the Bogalusa Heart Study and assessed 1,202 plasma metabolites for mediation effects on smoking-BMI associations. Significant metabolites were tested for associations with smoking genetic risk scores among a subset of participants (n = 654) with available genomic data, followed by direction dependence analysis to investigate causal relationships between the metabolites and smoking and BMI. All analyses controlled for age, sex, race, education, alcohol drinking, and physical activity.
RESULTS
Compared with never smokers, current and former smokers had a 3.31-kg/m and 1.77-kg/m lower BMI after adjusting for all covariables, respectively. A total of 22 xenobiotics and 94 endogenous metabolites were significantly associated with current smoking. Eight xenobiotics were also associated with former smoking. Forty metabolites mediated the smoking-BMI associations, and five showed causal relationships with both smoking and BMI. These metabolites, including 1-oleoyl-GPE (18:1), 1-linoleoyl-GPE (18:2), 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPE (18:0/20:4), α-ketobutyrate, and 1-palmitoyl-GPE (16:0), mediated 26.0% of the association between current smoking and BMI.
CONCLUSIONS
This study cataloged plasma metabolites altered by cigarette smoking and identified five metabolites that partially mediated the association between current smoking and BMI.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Cigarette Smoking; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Metabolome; Xenobiotics
PubMed: 35258150
DOI: 10.1002/oby.23386 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2022Although neck pain is known to be a complex and multifactorial condition characterised by the interplay between physical and psychological domains, a comprehensive...
Although neck pain is known to be a complex and multifactorial condition characterised by the interplay between physical and psychological domains, a comprehensive investigation examining the interactions across multiple features is still lacking. In this study, we aimed to unravel the structure of associations between physical measures of neuromuscular function and fear of movement in people with a history of neck pain. One hundred participants (mean age 33.3 ± 9.4) were assessed for this cross-sectional study, and the neuromuscular and kinematic features investigated were the range of motion, velocity of neck movement, smoothness of neck movement, neck proprioception (measured as the joint reposition error), and neck flexion and extension strength. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia was used to assess fear of movement. A network analysis was conducted to estimate the associations across features, as well as the role of each feature in the network. The estimated network revealed that fear of movement and neuromuscular/kinematic features were conditionally dependent. Higher fear of movement was associated with a lower range of motion, velocity, smoothness of neck movement, neck muscle strength, and proprioception (partial correlations between - 0.05 and - 0.12). Strong interactions were also found between kinematics features, with partial correlations of 0.39 and 0.58 between the range of motion and velocity, and between velocity and smoothness, respectively. The velocity of neck movement was the most important feature in the network since it showed the highest strength value. Using a novel approach to analysis, this study revealed that fear of movement can be associated with a spectrum of neuromuscular/kinematic adaptations in people with a history of neck pain.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fear; Humans; Neck Pain; Physical Examination; Range of Motion, Articular; Young Adult
PubMed: 35787648
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14696-8 -
BMC Public Health Oct 2022The objective was to estimate the prevalence of household food insecurity (HFI) depending on sociodemographic factors and its association with lifestyle habits and...
BACKGROUND
The objective was to estimate the prevalence of household food insecurity (HFI) depending on sociodemographic factors and its association with lifestyle habits and childhood overweight and obesity.
METHODS
Data was collected from 1,938 children aged 2 to 14 years who participated in the "Study about Malnutrition" of the Community of Madrid. Weight and height were obtained through physical examination. Body mass index was calculated as weight/height (kg/m) and the criteria of the WHO were used for determining conditions of overweight and obesity. The participants' parents answered a structured questionnaire about their diet, lifestyle (physical activity and screen time), and food insecurity. The diet quality was assessed with the Healthy Eating Index in Spain and food insecurity, defined as the lack of consistent access to sufficient food for a healthy life, was measured via three screening questions and the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Odds Ratios (ORs) and Relative Risk Ratios (RRRs) were estimated using logistic regression models and adjusted for confounding variables.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of HFI was 7.7% (95% CI: 6.6‒9.0), with lower values in children 2 to 4 years old (5.7%, 95% CI: 4.0‒8.1) and significantly higher values in households with low family purchasing power [37.3%; OR: 8.99 (95% CI: 5.5‒14.6)]. A higher prevalence of overweight (33.1%) and obesity (28.4%) was observed in children from families with HFI, who presented a lower quality diet and longer screen time compared to those from food-secure households (21.0% and 11.5%, respectively). The RRR of children in families with HFI relative to those from food-secure households was 2.41 (95% CI: 1.5‒4.0) for overweight and 1.99 (95% CI: 1.2‒3.4) for obesity.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of HFI was high in the paediatric population, especially in households with low family purchasing power. HFI was associated with lower diet quality and higher prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity. Our results suggest the need for paediatric services to detect at-risk households at an early stage to avoid this dual burden of child malnutrition.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Food Insecurity; Food Supply; Humans; Malnutrition; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 36253730
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14308-0 -
Ecancermedicalscience 2021Areca nut is the fourth most commonly used psychoactive substance worldwide after tobacco, alcohol and caffeine. In India, it is perceived in various ways, ranging from...
BACKGROUND
Areca nut is the fourth most commonly used psychoactive substance worldwide after tobacco, alcohol and caffeine. In India, it is perceived in various ways, ranging from a 'fruit of divine origin' in Hindu religious ceremonies to a mouth freshener. Areca nut use both on its own and with tobacco additives is addictive. The aim of this study was to understand the pattern of areca nut consumption, to determine the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) among areca nut users and the dependency associated with areca nut use.
METHODS
A cross sectional study was conducted in Guwahati, Assam using a self-administered questionnaire eliciting the pattern of areca nut consumption, KAP among users and understanding their dependency using Betel Quid Dependence Scale. The chewers of areca nut alone with or without betel quid, gutkha and tobacco participated in the study. Areca nut users were selected using purposive sampling method from the vendor shops of all the four assembly areas of the city. Their participation was voluntary and free not to answer or quit the survey. The data was analysed using SPSS software.
RESULTS
A total of 500 participants were approached in all four areas, 479 completed the survey (response rate 95%). The people who participated in the study were mostly male with an average age of 40 years, educated to secondary level or higher, married and self-employed. Betel quid with tamul was the most prevalent form of areca nut chewing in both men and women. About 441 (92%) participants experienced pleasure when chewing areca nut and 327 (68%) chewed it to relieve stress. Only 86 (18%) of subjects had ever tried to quit chewing areca nut and 387 (81%) thought that it was highly addictive. The results revealed relatively high levels of endorsement for 'physical and psychological urgent need' (mean = 43%) and 'increasing dose' (mean = 50%), whereas endorsement level for 'maladaptive use' was low (mean = 16%).
CONCLUSION
Areca nut use (tamul) is of major concern in India and many Southeast Asian countries and its use has been increasing across the globe. The evidence suggests a dependence similar to tobacco use and policy makers need to refine its strategy for control of its use by engaging with multiple stakeholders and adapting it to local context with surveillance and cessation guidelines in order to address this issue.
PubMed: 33889207
DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.1198 -
Revista de Neurologia Sep 2013Acute muscle weakness, a common disorder in pediatrics, can occur from impairment of any part of the motor unit, including the upper motor neuron, lower motor neuron,... (Review)
Review
Acute muscle weakness, a common disorder in pediatrics, can occur from impairment of any part of the motor unit, including the upper motor neuron, lower motor neuron, peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction or muscle. It usually manifests itself as an acute or hyperacute motor disorder of progressive or rapidly progressive course. Acute muscle weakness is a neuromuscular emergency, especially if it affects the respiratory or oropharyngeal musculature. The location of the motor weakness and associated neurological signs and symptoms usually indicate the location of the lesion. The onset, speed and clinical evolution, as well as other data from the patient's history, suggest the pathophysiological differential diagnosis. Successful treatment depends on the immediate and correct differential diagnosis. This paper presents the main differential diagnosis of main neuromuscular diseases that cause acute muscle weakness in children.
Topics: Acute Disease; Autoimmune Diseases; Child; Humans; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Motor Neurons; Muscle Hypotonia; Muscle Weakness; Muscular Diseases; Neurologic Examination; Neuromuscular Diseases; Neuromuscular Junction; Ophthalmoplegia; Peripheral Nerves; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Physical Examination; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 23897142
DOI: No ID Found