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Scientific Reports Nov 2022Phytic acid (PA) is an abundant natural plant component that exhibits a versatility of applications benefited from its chemical structure, standing out its use as food,...
Phytic acid (PA) is an abundant natural plant component that exhibits a versatility of applications benefited from its chemical structure, standing out its use as food, packing and dental additive due to its antimicrobial properties. The capacity of PA to chelate ions is also well-established and the formation and thermodynamic properties of different metallic complexes has been described. However, research studies of these compounds in terms of chemistry and biological features are still demanded in order to extend the application scope of PA complexes. The main goal of this paper is to deepen in the knowledge of the bioactive metal complexes chemistry and their bactericide activity, to extend their application in biomaterial science, specifically in oral implantology. Thus, this work presents the synthesis and structural assessment of two metallic phytate complexes bearing the bioactive cations Zn and Sr (ZnPhy and SrPhy respectively), along with studies on the synergic biological properties between PA and cations. Metallic phytates were synthesized in the solid-state by hydrothermal reaction leading to pure solid compounds in high yields. Their molecular formulas were CH0PSr·5HO and CH0PZn·6HO, as determined by ICP and HRES-TGA. The metal coordination bond of the solid complexes was further analysed by EDS, Raman, ATR-FTIR and solid C and P-NMR spectroscopies. Likewise, we evaluated the in vitro ability of the phytate compounds for inhibiting biofilm production of Streptococcus mutans cultures. Results indicate that all compounds significantly reduced biofilm formation (PA < SrPhy < ZnPhy), and ZnPhy even showed remarkable differences with respect to PA and SrPhy. Analysis of antimicrobial properties shows the first clues of the possible synergic effects created between PA and the corresponding cation in different cell metabolic processes. In overall, findings of this work can contribute to expand the applications of these bioactive metallic complexes in the biotechnological and biomedical fields, and they can be considered for the fabrication of anti-plaque coating systems in the dentistry field.
Topics: Streptococcus mutans; Phytic Acid; Coordination Complexes; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cations; Zinc
PubMed: 36418367
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24300-8 -
Poultry Science Oct 2000In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to determine whether P in a low-phytate corn (LPC) containing the lpa 1-1 allele is more available than P in a...
In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to determine whether P in a low-phytate corn (LPC) containing the lpa 1-1 allele is more available than P in a near-isogenic wild-type corn hybrid (NC). The LPC was analyzed to contain 0.18% nonphytate P and 0.26% total P (TP), whereas NC contained 0.05% nonphytate P and 0.25% TP. For these studies, nonphytate P was considered to be available P (AP). In the in vivo study, 150 1-d-old male chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments (six pens of five chicks each) for 21 d. The dietary treatments included: A) a diet containing 60% NC, 0.2% AP, and 0.8% Ca; B) a diet containing 60% LPC, 0.28% AP, and 0.8% Ca; C) an NC diet similar to Diet A, but with KH2PO4 added to increase the AP to 0.28% to match the AP in Diet B; D) an LPC diet containing 0.45% AP and 1% Ca; and E) an NC diet supplemented with KH2PO4 to provide 0.45% AP and 1% Ca. Diets A, B, and C were semipurified diets, with corn being the sole source of phytate. The only differences between Diets A and B were the source of corn and the amount of AP present in the diets. The levels of AP in these diets were deficient in order to measure the animal response to the different levels of AP. Diets D and E were typical corn-soybean meal diets, and were formulated to contain an optimal level of AP. Performance and bone ash were similar (P > 0.05) in chicks fed Diets B and C and in chicks fed Diets D and E. Chicks fed LPC diets (B and D) retained more P (P < 0.05) than chicks fed NC diets (C and E). Chicks fed Diet B had significantly higher (P < 0.05) Ca retention compared with chicks fed Diet A. An in vitro digestion procedure that simulated the physiological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers was used to determine P release from LPC and NC. Results showed that 65% (1,420 mg/kg) of the TP in LPC was released, compared with 23% (543 mg/kg) from NC. Results of these experiments indicate that the P in LPC is more available than the P in NC, and reducing the phytate content did not compromise the nutritional value of LPC. The increased P retention in chicks fed LPC suggests that substituting LPC for NC leads to a reduction in manure P. Also, the in vitro procedure accurately predicted differences in in vivo P availability between the two corns.
Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Calcification, Physiologic; Chickens; Diet; Eating; Male; Phosphorus; Phytic Acid; Weight Gain; Zea mays
PubMed: 11055851
DOI: 10.1093/ps/79.10.1444 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jan 2022Phytoplankton have evolved a capability to acquire phosphorus (P) from dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) since the preferred form, dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP,...
Phytoplankton have evolved a capability to acquire phosphorus (P) from dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) since the preferred form, dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP, or P), is often limited in parts of the ocean. Phytic acid (PA) is abundantly synthesized in plants and rich in excreta of animals, potentially enriching the DOP pool in coastal oceans. However, whether and how PA can be used by phytoplankton are poorly understood. Here, we investigated PA utilization and underlying metabolic pathways in the diatom model . The physiological results showed that could utilize PA as a sole source of P nutrient to support growth. Meanwhile, the replacement of PA for DIP also caused changes in multiple cellular processes, such as inositol phosphate metabolism, photosynthesis, and signal transduction. These results suggest that PA is bioavailable to and can directly participate in the metabolic pathways of PA-grown cells. However, our data showed that the utilization of PA was markedly less efficient than that of DIP, and PA-grown cells exhibited P and iron (Fe) nutrient stress signals. Implicated in these findings is the potential of complicated responses of phytoplankton to an ambient DOP species, which calls for more systematic investigation. PA is abundant in plants and cannot be digested by nonruminant animals. Hence, it is potentially a significant component of the DOP pool in coastal waters. Despite this potential importance, there is little information about its bioavailability to phytoplankton as a source of P nutrient and the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we found that part of PA could be utilized by the diatom to support growth, and another portion of PA can act as a substrate directly participating in various metabolism pathways and cellular processes. However, our physiological and transcriptomic data show that PA-grown cells still exhibited signs of P stress and potential Fe stress. These results have significant implications in phytoplankton P nutrient ecology and provide a novel insight into multifaceted impacts of DOP utilization on phytoplankton nutrition and metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Diatoms; Iron; Nutrients; Phosphorus; Phytic Acid; Phytoplankton; Transcriptome
PubMed: 34757820
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02097-21 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2019Phytic acid (PA) is a natural-occurring antioxidant, which plays an important role in many biological processes. PA is recognized as a potent inhibitor of lipid...
Phytic acid (PA) is a natural-occurring antioxidant, which plays an important role in many biological processes. PA is recognized as a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation because of its high affinity to multivalent cations, and it can play a role in osteogenic processes. However, its powerful chelating capacity is controversial because it can lead to a severe reduction of mineral availability in the organism. For this reason, compounds with beneficial biological properties of PA, but a modular ion binding capacity, are of high interest. In this work, we report the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of two hydroxylic derivatives of PA, named glycerylphytates (GPhy), through a condensation reaction of PA with glycerol (G). Both derivatives present antioxidant properties, measured by ferrozine/FeCl method and chelating activity with calcium ions depending on the content of glyceryl groups incorporated. Besides, the hydroxylic modification not only modulates the ion binding affinity of derivatives but also improves their cytocompatibility in human bone marrow mesenchymal cells (MSCs). Furthermore, GPhy derivatives display osteogenic properties, confirmed by COL1A and ALPL expression depending on composition. These positive features convert GPhy compounds into potent alternatives for those skeletal diseases treatments where PA is tentatively applied.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Antioxidants; Calcium; Cations, Divalent; Cell Differentiation; Cell Survival; Chelating Agents; Collagen Type I; Ferrous Compounds; Ferrozine; Glycerol; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; Osteogenesis; Phytic Acid; Primary Cell Culture; RAW 264.7 Cells; Toxicity Tests, Subacute
PubMed: 31391524
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48015-5 -
Journal of Molecular Biology Feb 2021G protein coupled receptors signal through G proteins or arrestins. A long-standing mystery in the field is why vertebrates have two non-visual arrestins, arrestin-2 and...
G protein coupled receptors signal through G proteins or arrestins. A long-standing mystery in the field is why vertebrates have two non-visual arrestins, arrestin-2 and arrestin-3. These isoforms are ~75% identical and 85% similar; each binds numerous receptors, and appear to have many redundant functions, as demonstrated by studies of knockout mice. We previously showed that arrestin-3 can be activated by inositol-hexakisphosphate (IP). IP interacts with the receptor-binding surface of arrestin-3, induces arrestin-3 oligomerization, and this oligomer stabilizes the active conformation of arrestin-3. Here, we compared the impact of IP on oligomerization and conformational equilibrium of the highly homologous arrestin-2 and arrestin-3 and found that these two isoforms are regulated differently. In the presence of IP, arrestin-2 forms "infinite" chains, where each promoter remains in the basal conformation. In contrast, full length and truncated arrestin-3 form trimers and higher-order oligomers in the presence of IP; we showed previously that trimeric state induces arrestin-3 activation (Chen et al., 2017). Thus, in response to IP, the two non-visual arrestins oligomerize in different ways in distinct conformations. We identified an insertion of eight residues that is conserved across arrestin-2 homologs, but absent in arrestin-3 that likely accounts for the differences in the IP effect. Because IP is ubiquitously present in cells, this suggests physiological consequences, including differences in arrestin-2/3 trafficking and JNK3 activation. The functional differences between two non-visual arrestins are in part determined by distinct modes of their oligomerization. The mode of oligomerization might regulate the function of other signaling proteins.
Topics: Amino Acids; Arrestins; Binding Sites; Humans; Models, Molecular; Phytic Acid; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Isoforms; Protein Multimerization; Solutions; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 33387531
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.166790 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Oct 2015The main objectives were to determine the influence of secondary plant metabolites and antinutritives in lupin seeds on the fermentation performance of lactic acid...
AIMS
The main objectives were to determine the influence of secondary plant metabolites and antinutritives in lupin seeds on the fermentation performance of lactic acid bacteria and to study their ability to degrade these substances. The suitability of lupin raw materials as fermentation substrates was examined.
METHODS AND RESULTS
To evaluate the fermentation performance, microbial growth, metabolite formation and substrate uptake in three different lupin substrates was monitored. On the one hand, a lupin protein isolate, which contained only trace amounts of phytochemicals was used in the study. On the other hand, the flour of Lupinus angustifolius cv. Boregine and the flour of the alkaloid rich lupin Lupinus angustifolius cv. Azuro were inoculated with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. The micro-organisms showed no significant differences in the fermentation performance on the different lupin flours. Similarly, the growth of most strains on lupin protein isolate was comparable to that on the lupin flours. The fermentation with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis led to a significant decrease in flatulence causing oligosaccharides. During fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum the phytic acid content was partially degraded.
CONCLUSIONS
Neither the secondary plant metabolites nor the antinutritives of lupin flour inhibited the growth or metabolic activity of the tested micro-organisms. Therefore, lupin flour is suitable for lactic fermentation. Some strains showed the ability to degrade oligosaccharides or phytic acid.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
This work contributes to the fundamental knowledge of the metabolism of lactic acid bacteria during fermentation of lupin substrates. Fermentation of lupin raw materials could be used to improve the nutritional value of the substrates due to the reduction of antinutritives.
Topics: Bifidobacterium; Fermentation; Flour; Lactic Acid; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lactococcus lactis; Lupinus; Nutritive Value; Pediococcus; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 26189714
DOI: 10.1111/jam.12908 -
The Journal of Nutrition Dec 2007Searching for economical, nonconventional sources of iron is important in underdeveloped countries to combat iron deficiency and anemia. Our objective was to study iron,...
Searching for economical, nonconventional sources of iron is important in underdeveloped countries to combat iron deficiency and anemia. Our objective was to study iron, vitamin C, and phytic acid composition and also iron bioavailability from 4 species of marine algae included in a rice-based meal. Marine algae (Ulva sp, Sargassum sp, Porphyra sp, and Gracilariopsis sp) were analyzed for monthly variations in iron and for ascorbic acid and phytic acid concentrations. A total of 96 subjects received rice-based meals containing the 4 species of marine algae in different proportions, raw or cooked. All meals contained radioactive iron. Absorption was evaluated by calculating the radioactive iron incorporation in subjects' blood. Iron concentrations in algae were high and varied widely, depending on the species and time of year. The highest iron concentrations were found in Sargassum (157 mg/100 g) and Gracilariopsis (196 mg/100 g). Phytates were not detected in the algae and ascorbic acid concentration fluctuated between 38 microg/g dry weight (Ulva) and 362 microg/g dry weight (Sargassum). Algae significantly increased iron absorption in rice-based meals. Cooking did not affect iron absorption compared with raw algae. Results indicate that Ulva sp, Sargassum sp, Porphyra sp, and Gracilariopsis sp are good sources of ascorbic acid and bioavailable iron. The percentage of iron absorption was similar among all algae tested, although Sargassum sp resulted in the highest iron intake. Based on these results, and on the high reproduction rates of algae during certain seasons, promoting algae consumption in some countries could help to improve iron nutrition.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Biological Availability; Cooking; Dietary Supplements; Eukaryota; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Middle Aged; Oryza; Phytic Acid; Seasons; Venezuela
PubMed: 18029485
DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.12.2691 -
Plant Foods For Human Nutrition... Jun 2013Human consumption of flaxseed is increasing due to its health benefit properties and extrusion processes can enhance its nutritional quality. Extruded flaxseed meal...
Human consumption of flaxseed is increasing due to its health benefit properties and extrusion processes can enhance its nutritional quality. Extruded flaxseed meal (EFM) obtained in a pilot plant was characterized and incorporated in flour mixes and cereal-based bars to demonstrate its nutritious usefulness. Amino acid content was not affected by extrusion and, despite lysine was the limitating amino acid, the chemical score (CS) was 83 %. Thiamin and riboflavin decreased slightly as consequence of extrusion, phytic acid did not change and trypsin inhibitor activity was undetectable. Proximate composition and nutritional quality determined by biological and chemical indexes were compared among EFM, flour mixes (FM) and cereal bars (CB). They presented high protein levels (26, 20 and 17 %, respectively), good biological value (BV) (80, 79 and 65, respectively), acceptable true protein digestibility (TD) (73, 79 and 78, respectively), and high dietary fiber (33, 20.5 and 18 %, respectively). The ratio of ω6:ω3 for CB was within the WHO/FAO recommendations. These results open a new venue for the usefulsess of nutritious/healthy extruded flaxseed flours into ready-to-eat cereal-based products with improved nutritional quality.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Dietary Fiber; Edible Grain; Flax; Flour; Food Analysis; Food Handling; Nutritive Value; Phytic Acid; Proteolysis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Riboflavin
PubMed: 23640296
DOI: 10.1007/s11130-013-0359-8 -
Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny 2015Buckwheat, despite its broad nutritional benefits, is still not widely appreciated grain. It contains a protein with preferred amino acid composition and it is a...
BACKGROUND
Buckwheat, despite its broad nutritional benefits, is still not widely appreciated grain. It contains a protein with preferred amino acid composition and it is a valuable source of micronutrients and vitamins of the B group and vitamin E. Moreover, buckwheat groats have a high amount of polyphenols, including flavonoids and flavones. Eating rye bread is beneficial due to its high content of dietary fiber, phenolic acids and characteristic taste and aroma. Therefore, the use of rye flour and buckwheat mill products for bread may allow obtaining a product of high nutritional value and flavor.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of buckwheat products addition and baking process on the antioxidant properties of rye-buckwheat blends and breads.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Experimental material was rye flour type 580 and buckwheat flour, wholegrain flour and bran obtained by grinding buckwheat groats. Buckwheat products share was 20 and 35%. The control was the rye flour. In the rye-buckwheat blends and bread loaves, the contents of selected flavonoids by HPLC method, total polyphenols content by Folin-Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant activity by the DPPH˙ radical scavenging method were determined.
RESULTS
Buckwheat bran was significantly richer in total polyphenols, rutin, quercetin, orientin and isoorientin than other buckwheat products and rye flour. Bread after baking contained similar amount of total polyphenols and quercetin and have a comparable ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH˙) than the corresponding blends. Baking process negatively affected the amount of rutin, orientin and isoorientin.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of buckwheat bran as a replacement for wheat flour in bread significantly increases its nutritional value. The process of baking unequally affects the content of particular groups of antioxidant compounds.
Topics: Antioxidants; Bread; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cooking; Fagopyrum; Humans; Phytic Acid; Poland; Rutin; Secale
PubMed: 26024399
DOI: No ID Found -
Poultry Science Feb 2023The objective of this contribution was to summarize from scientific literature the optimal concentration of nonphytate phosphorus (NPP) in feed for laying hens. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The objective of this contribution was to summarize from scientific literature the optimal concentration of nonphytate phosphorus (NPP) in feed for laying hens. The considered studies were one meta-analysis from 2012 and original studies published since then. Dietary treatments in the studies included variation in supplementation with mineral P sources and phytase. The studies investigated different periods of production and varied in duration but data were insufficient to analyze such factors in a systematic way. No study showed a positive effect on performance and eggshell when the NPP concentration was increased above 2.2 g NPP/kg of feed without the use of phytase. At such level, no consistent impairment of various bone quality traits were found but only few studies on bone quality traits were published. Overall, the data suggested that not more than 2.2 g NPP/kg of feed is needed for laying hens in different stages of production. This value can be reduced when phytase is added to the feed. Such reduction may differ depending on factors such as phytate content of the feed and phytase dosage. However, data are insufficient for calculating precise values of reduction. While phytate degradation in laying hens was markedly increased by phytase supplementation in several studies, effects of phytase supplementation on performance and bone traits in laying hens were less conclusive probably because the hens were supplied more than their NPP requirement. Transition to a system based on digestible P for laying hens similar to broiler chickens may support more precise P nutrition and more sustainable egg production in the future.
Topics: Animals; Female; Phosphorus; Chickens; 6-Phytase; Phytic Acid; Animal Feed; Ovum; Diet; Phosphorus, Dietary; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 36476680
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102344