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International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022Increasing energy demands exacerbated by energy shortages have highlighted the urgency of research on renewable energy technologies. Carbon materials that can be... (Review)
Review
Increasing energy demands exacerbated by energy shortages have highlighted the urgency of research on renewable energy technologies. Carbon materials that can be employed as advanced electrodes and catalysts can increase the accessibility of efficient and economical energy conversion and storage solutions based on electrocatalysis. In particular, carbon materials derived from biomass are promising candidates to replace precious-metal-based catalysts, owing to their low cost, anti-corrosion properties, electrochemical durability, and sustainability. For catalytic applications, the rational design and engineering of functional carbon materials in terms of their structure, morphology, and heteroatom doping are crucial. Phytic acid derived from natural, abundant, and renewable resources represents a versatile carbon precursor and modifier that can be introduced to tune the aforementioned properties. This review discusses synthetic strategies for preparing functional carbon materials using phytic acid and explores the influence of this precursor on the resulting materials' physicochemical characteristics. We also summarize recent strategies that have been applied to improve the oxygen reduction performance of porous carbon materials using phytic acid, thereby offering guidance for the future design of functional, sustainable carbon materials with enhanced catalytic properties.
Topics: Biomass; Carbon; Catalysis; Oxygen; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 36232584
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911282 -
Journal of Food Protection May 2019This study investigated the antimicrobial mechanism of phytic acid (PA) and its antibacterial effects in combination with ethanol. The MIC of PA on ATCC 11229, ATCC...
This study investigated the antimicrobial mechanism of phytic acid (PA) and its antibacterial effects in combination with ethanol. The MIC of PA on ATCC 11229, ATCC 6538P, ATCC 6633, and Typhimurium CICC 27483 were 0.24, 0.20, 0.26, and 0.28% (w/w), respectively. ATCC 11229 and ATCC 6538P were selected to investigate the mechanism of PA by analyzing its effects at 1/2MIC and at MIC on the cell morphology, intracellular ATP, and cell membrane integrity. Environmental scanning electron microscope images revealed that PA was able to change the cell morphology and disrupt the intercellular adhesion. PA retarded bacterial growth and caused cell membrane dysfunction, which was accompanied by decreased intracellular ATP concentrations. Flow cytometry analysis further revealed that almost all the bacterial cells were damaged after treatment with PA at its MIC for 2 h. Moreover, PA has a synergistic antimicrobial ability when used in combination with ethanol. These results suggested that PA is effective in inhibiting growth of foodborne pathogens mainly by the mechanism of cell membrane damage and to provide a theoretical basis for the development of natural antimicrobial agents in the food industry.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Adhesion; Food Microbiology; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 31009250
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-18-418 -
G3 (Bethesda, Md.) Sep 2021Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important cool season food legume for sustainable food production and human nutrition due to its nitrogen fixation capabilities and...
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important cool season food legume for sustainable food production and human nutrition due to its nitrogen fixation capabilities and nutrient-dense seed. However, minimal breeding research has been conducted to improve the nutritional quality of the seed for biofortification, and most genomic-assisted breeding studies utilize small populations with few single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genomic resources for pea have lagged behind those of other grain crops, but the recent release of the Pea Single Plant Plus Collection (PSPPC) and the pea reference genome provide new tools to study nutritional traits for biofortification. Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, and phytic acid concentrations were measured in a study population of 299 different accessions grown under greenhouse conditions. Broad phenotypic variation was detected for all parameters except phytic acid. Calcium exhibited moderate broad-sense heritability (H2) estimates, at 50%, while all other minerals exhibited low heritability. Of the accessions used, 267 were previously genotyped in the PSPPC release by the USDA, and we mapped the genotyping data to the pea reference genome for the first time. This study generated 54,344 high-quality SNPs used to investigate the population structure of the PSPPC and perform a genome-wide association study to identify genomic loci associated with mineral concentrations in mature pea seed. Overall, we were able to identify multiple significant SNPs and candidate genes for iron, phosphorus, and zinc. These results can be used for genetic improvement in pea for nutritional traits and biofortification, and the candidate genes provide insight into mineral metabolism.
Topics: Biofortification; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Minerals; Pisum sativum; Phytic Acid; Plant Breeding
PubMed: 34544130
DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab227 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020Several studies have identified specific signalling functions for inositol polyphosphates (IPs) in different cell types and have led to the accumulation of new... (Review)
Review
Several studies have identified specific signalling functions for inositol polyphosphates (IPs) in different cell types and have led to the accumulation of new information regarding their cellular roles as well as new insights into their cellular production. These studies have revealed that interaction of IPs with several proteins is critical for stabilization of protein complexes and for modulation of enzymatic activity. This has not only revealed their importance in regulation of several cellular processes but it has also highlighted the possibility of new pharmacological interventions in multiple diseases, including cancer. In this review, we describe some of the intracellular roles of IPs and we discuss the pharmacological opportunities that modulation of IPs levels can provide.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Nucleus; Chromatin; Endocytosis; Exocytosis; Humans; Inositol; Inositol Phosphates; Mice; Phytic Acid; Platelet Aggregation; Protein Binding; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Virus Replication
PubMed: 33198256
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225281 -
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica 2015In developed countries, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is one of the diseases that diminish patients' quality of life most significantly. Treatment of that...
In developed countries, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is one of the diseases that diminish patients' quality of life most significantly. Treatment of that often incurable disease is based on the steroids and surgery in patients who had failed thorough conservative management. It appears that the introduction of new treatment agents suppressing inflammation process and inhibiting cells' proliferation would be a valuable therapeutic option. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of genistein and phytic acid on the viability and growth rate of fibroblasts derived from nasal polyps. Cells were incubated with various concentrations of genistein (5-500 μM) and phytic acid (100-20,000 μM). After 72 h incubation, cells survivability and cells' growth rate were estimated by combination of WST-1 and LDH methods. QRT-PCR technique was used to determine the expression of histone H3, BCL-2, BAX and P53 genes. Caspase-8 and -9 expressions were evaluated by ELISA assay. Genistein and phytic acid significantly and in dose-specific manner decreased nasal polyps fibroblasts survivability and growth rate. Both agents in similar way decreased cell proliferation as measured by the expression of histone H3. They induce apoptotic machinery by modulating the expression of BCL-2, BAX and caspase-8 activity. Genistein and phytic acid have significant potential for a therapeutic role in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis.
Topics: Apoptosis; Caspases; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Genes, p53; Genistein; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Nasal Polyps; Phytic Acid; bcl-2-Associated X Protein
PubMed: 26647629
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Oral Sciences Apr 2021We evaluated the effect of phytic acid on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)- or cysteine cathepsin (CC)-mediated dentin degradation. Demineralized dentin beams were divided...
We evaluated the effect of phytic acid on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)- or cysteine cathepsin (CC)-mediated dentin degradation. Demineralized dentin beams were divided into five groups (n = 12) and treated with 1%, 2%, or 3% phytic acid or with 37% phosphoric acid. Untreated demineralized beams served as controls. After incubation for 1 or 3 wk, dry mass loss was determined and aliquots of incubation media were analysed for cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) fragments for MMP-mediated and c-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) for cathepsin-k-mediated degradation. The direct effect of phytic acid was evaluated using MMP activity assay. Data were analysed using repeated-measures anova. ICTP releases with 1% and 2% phytic acid treatment were statistically significantly lower than those following phosphoric acid treatment at 3 wk. The CTX release for phytic acid-treated beams at 3 wk was not significantly different from that of untreated control beams, but it was significantly lower than that of phosphoric acid-treated beams. Their MMP activities at 3 wk were not significantly different from those of the controls but they were significantly lower than those seen for phosphoric acid-treated beams. Compared to phosphoric acid, phytic acid treatment resulted in a reduced dentinal host-derived endogenous enzymatic activity and collagen degradation.
Topics: Collagen Type I; Dentin; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 33644893
DOI: 10.1111/eos.12771 -
Journal of Materials Science. Materials... Jun 2024Calcium phosphate cements, primarily brushite cements, require the addition of setting retarders to ensure adequate processing time and processability. So far, citric...
Calcium phosphate cements, primarily brushite cements, require the addition of setting retarders to ensure adequate processing time and processability. So far, citric acid has been the primary setting retarder used in this context. Due to the poor biocompatibility, it is crucial to explore alternative options for better processing. In recent years, the setting retarder phytic acid (IP6) has been increasingly investigated. This study investigates the biological behaviour of calcium phosphate cements with varying concentrations of IP6, in addition to their physical properties. Therefore cytocompatibility in vitro testing was performed using osteoblastic (MG-63) and osteoclastic (RAW 264.7 differentiated with RANKL) cells. We could demonstrate that the physical properties like the compressive strength of specimens formed with IP6 (brushite_IP6_5 = 11.2 MPa) were improved compared to the reference (brushite = 9.8 MPa). In osteoblast and osteoclast assays, IP6 exhibited significantly better cytocompatibility in terms of cell activity and cell number for brushite cements up to 11 times compared to the brushite reference. In contrast, the calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) cements produced similar results for IP6 (CDHA_IP6_0.25 = 27.0 MPa) when compared to their reference (CDHA = 21.2 MPa). Interestingly, lower doses of IP6 were found to be more effective than higher doses with up to 3 times higher. Additionally, IP6 significantly increased degradation in both passive and active resorption. For these reasons, IP6 is emerging as a strong new competitor to established setting retarders such as citric acid. These cements have potential applications in bone augmentation, the stabilisation of non-load bearing fractures (craniofacial), or the cementation of metal implants.
Topics: Phytic Acid; Animals; Calcium Phosphates; Mice; Materials Testing; Bone Cements; Osteoblasts; RAW 264.7 Cells; Humans; Osteoclasts; Compressive Strength; Biocompatible Materials; Durapatite
PubMed: 38900219
DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06805-y -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Phytic acid (IP6) is a promising and emerging agent, and because of its unique structure and distinctive properties, it lends itself to several applications in...
BACKGROUND
Phytic acid (IP6) is a promising and emerging agent, and because of its unique structure and distinctive properties, it lends itself to several applications in dentistry. Recently, IP6 was proposed as a potential chelating agent in endodontics. However, there is limited knowledge regarding its antimicrobial and antibiofilm effectiveness. The aims of this study, were therefore to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of IP6 against a range of microbial species and compare these with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The contact time required for IP6 to exert its bactericidal effect on was also determined.
METHODS
The inhibitory and biocidal activities of IP6, EDTA and NaOCl were assessed using a broth microdilution assay against 11 clinical and reference strains of bacteria and a reference strain of . The contact time required for various IP6 concentrations to eliminate planktonic cultures of was determined using a membrane filtration method according to BS-EN-1040:2005. IP6 bactericidal activity was also evaluated using fluorescent microscopy, and the antibiofilm activity of the test agents was also determined.
RESULTS
IP6 was biocidal against all tested microorganisms. At concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%, IP6 required 5 min to exert a bactericidal effect on , while 5% IP6 was bactericidal after 30 s. IP6 also eradicated biofilms of the tested microorganisms. In conclusion, IP6 had notable antimicrobial effects on planktonic and biofilm cultures and exhibited rapid bactericidal effects on . This research highlighted, for the first time the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of IP6, which could be exploited, not only in dental applications, but also other fields where novel strategies to counter antimicrobial resistance are required.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Endodontics; Enterococcus faecalis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phytic Acid; Sodium Hypochlorite
PubMed: 34765567
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.753649 -
Food Chemistry Jan 2021Simultaneous reduction in activity of fat destabilizing enzymes (lipase and lipoxygenase), contaminants heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, and Hg), antinutrient phytic acid and...
Simultaneous reduction in activity of fat destabilizing enzymes (lipase and lipoxygenase), contaminants heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, and Hg), antinutrient phytic acid and hazardous coliforms in rice bran was investigated. Application of washing, soaking the washed sample at different pH values (2, 6 and 9) alone or in combination with ultrasonication were examined. While washing was beneficial, its low efficiency acquired further treatment, which was prevailed by application of acidic pH and ultrasound (28 kHz) treatments. Free fatty acids and peroxide value, as indicators of enzymes activity, implied the effectiveness of treatments with adverse impact of sonication on peroxide value. Remarkably, reduction of dominant heavy metals (As, Pb and Zn) and phytic acid were synergistically facilitated by sonication. Coliforms growth was inhibited at pH 2 even at the absence of ultrasonic treatment. Evidently, combination of acidic pH and ultrasound is a practical approach to improve rice bran stability and safety.
Topics: Food Analysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipase; Lipoxygenase; Metals, Heavy; Oryza; Phytic Acid; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 32711273
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127583 -
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Mar 2024Phytic acid (PA) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that are critical for neuroprotection in neuronal disorders. This raises the...
Phytic Acid Maintains Peripheral Neuron Integrity and Enhances Survivability against Platinum-Induced Degeneration via Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Enhancing Mitochondrial Membrane Potential.
Phytic acid (PA) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that are critical for neuroprotection in neuronal disorders. This raises the question of whether PA can effectively protect sensory neurons against chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy treatment often characterized by severe and abnormal pain in hands and feet resulting from peripheral nerve degeneration. Currently, there are no effective treatments available that can prevent or cure peripheral neuropathies other than symptomatic management. Herein, we aim to demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of PA against the neurodegeneration induced by the chemotherapeutics cisplatin (CDDP) and oxaliplatin. Further aims of this study are to provide the proposed mechanism of PA-mediated neuroprotection. The neuronal protection and survivability against CDDP were characterized by axon length measurements and cell body counting of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. A cellular phenotype study was conducted microscopically. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated by fluorogenic probe dichlorofluorescein. Likewise, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed by fluorescent MitoTracker Orange CMTMRos. Similarly, the mitochondria-localized superoxide anion radical in response to CDDP with and without PA was evaluated. The culture of primary DRG neurons with CDDP reduced axon length and overall neuronal survival. However, cotreatment with PA demonstrated that axons were completely protected and showed increased stability up to the 45-day test duration, which is comparable to samples treated with PA alone and control. Notably, PA treatment scavenged the mitochondria-specific superoxide radicals and overall intracellular ROS that were largely induced by CDDP and simultaneously restored MMP. These results are credited to the underlying neuroprotection of PA in a platinum-treated condition. The results also exhibited that PA had a synergistic anticancer effect with CDDP in ovarian cancer in vitro models. For the first time, PA's potency against CDDP-induced PN is demonstrated systematically. The overall findings of this study suggest the application of PA in CIPN prevention and therapeutic purposes.
Topics: Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Cisplatin; Ganglia, Spinal; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Phytic Acid; Platinum; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sensory Receptor Cells
PubMed: 38445956
DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00739