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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2020Multiple human health-beneficial effects have been related to highly phosphorylated inositol hexaphosphate (IP6). This naturally occurring carbohydrate and its parent... (Review)
Review
Multiple human health-beneficial effects have been related to highly phosphorylated inositol hexaphosphate (IP6). This naturally occurring carbohydrate and its parent compound, -inositol (Ins), are abundantly present in plants, particularly in certain high-fiber diets, but also in mammalian cells, where they regulate important cellular functions. However, the striking and broad-spectrum anticancer activity of IP6, consistently demonstrated in different experimental models, has been in a spotlight of the scientific community dealing with the nutrition and cancer during the last several decades. First experiments were performed in colon cancer 30 years ago. Since then, it has been shown that IP6 reduces cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and differentiation of malignant cells with reversion to normal phenotype, affecting several critical molecular targets. Enhanced immunity and antioxidant properties also contribute to the tumor cell destruction. Although Ins possesses a modest anticancer potential, the best anticancer results were obtained from the combination of IP6 + Ins. Here we review the first experimental steps in colon cancer, when concepts and hypotheses were put together almost without real knowledge and present clinical studies, that were initiated in colon cancer patients. Available as a dietary supplement, IP6 + Ins has been shown to enhance the anticancer effect of conventional chemotherapy, controls cancer metastases, and improves quality of life in cancer patients. Emerging clinical and still vast amount of experimental data suggest its role either as an adjuvant or as an "alternative" to current chemotherapy for cancer.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Phytic Acid; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 33333775
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245931 -
Archives of Razi Institute Feb 2023Phytic acid is a stored form of phosphorus in cereals, 65 to 70% of phosphorus in plant sources is phytate, and broilers are only able to use part of the phosphorus in...
Phytic acid is a stored form of phosphorus in cereals, 65 to 70% of phosphorus in plant sources is phytate, and broilers are only able to use part of the phosphorus in plant sources. To meet the needs of chickens, it is necessary to use other artificial resources, which not only impose part of the cost of the breeding period because of its presence in the manure but is one of the factors polluting the environment. This study aimed to use different levels of phytase enzyme to reduce dietary phosphorus levels. 600 Ross 308 broilers were used in this experiment with five treatments and six replications, and in each replication, 20 chickens were used in a completely randomized design (CRD). Experimental treatments include 1) basal diet (control) 2) basal diet with 15% less phosphorus 3) basal diet with 15% less phosphorus + 1250 (FTU) phytase enzyme 4) basal diet with 15% less phosphorus + 2500 (FTU) phytase enzyme 5) basal diet with 15% less phosphorus + 5000 (FTU) phytase enzyme. The evaluated traits included weekly feed intake, weekly weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics, ash, calcium, and bone phosphorus. The use of phytase enzyme in different diets had no significant effect on food intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (>0.05). However, the use of phytase in different diets significantly affected the percentage of Gizzard, Heart, Liver, Proventriculus, and Spleen (<0.05). The most changes were the increase in the ratio of feed intake and weight gain in the fourth week compared to the third week so that the changes in the ratio of feed intake ranged from 1.85 to 1.91, and this ratio for weight gain also ranged from 3.12 to 3.86 was recorded, and the lowest feed conversion ratio was obtained at the same age. The percentage of raw ash in broiler chickens was significantly increased by adding dietary phytase. The lowest amount of ash, calcium, and phosphorus belonged to the second group (diets with low phosphorus and no enzyme). The difference between the other groups and the control was not significant. Feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio with the addition of phytase enzyme were not affected by phosphorus reduction and had no significant effect on carcass characteristics. Environmental pollution can be prevented by reducing the level of dietary phosphorus and reducing excreted phosphorus.
Topics: Animals; 6-Phytase; Calcium; Chickens; Phosphorus; Phosphorus, Dietary; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 37312704
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2022.359524.2443 -
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica 2012Intestinal epithelial cells play an important role in the mucosal immune and inflammatory reactions via the expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as...
Intestinal epithelial cells play an important role in the mucosal immune and inflammatory reactions via the expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). The expression of both interleukins is regulated by nuclear factor KB (NF-kappaB). Phytic acid (IP6) is an essential component of high fiber diet. It is physiologically present in the human large gut at concentrations reaching 4 mM. It exhibits pleiotropic health beneficial effects including anti-oxidant and anti-tumor activities. Recent studies showed that IP6 can modulate immune functions of intestinal epithelium through regulation of proinflammatory cytokines secretion. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of IP6 on the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 as well as p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappaB and its inhibitor IkappaBalpha in Caco-2 cells stimulated with IL-1beta. A kinetic study of mRNAs expression in cells was performed after their treatment with 1 and 2.5 mM IP6 for 3, 6 and 12 h. Quantification of the genes expression was carried out using real time QRT-PCR technique. IP6 at all used concentrations had no influence on transcription of p65 gene and modulated expression of p50 and IkappaBalpha genes in Caco-2 cells. Treatment of cells with IP6 resulted in a marked decrease in both IL-6 (at 3 and 6 h) and IL-8 expression (3 h). The results of these studies suggest that IP6 may exert immunoregulatory effects on intestinal epithelium by influencing transcriptional activity of genes encoding p50 subunit of NF-kappaB, its inhibitor IkappaBalpha and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8.
Topics: Caco-2 Cells; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; NF-kappa B; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 23285696
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Zhejiang University.... Mar 2008Zinc (Zn) deficiency in animals became of interest until the 1950s. In this paper, progresses in researches on physiology of Zn deficiency in animals, phytate effect on... (Review)
Review
Zinc (Zn) deficiency in animals became of interest until the 1950s. In this paper, progresses in researches on physiology of Zn deficiency in animals, phytate effect on bioavailability of Zn, and role of phytase in healing Zn deficiency of animals were reviewed. Several studies demonstrated that Zn is recycled via the pancreas; the problem of Zn deficiency was controlled by Zn homeostasis. The endogenous secretion of Zn is considered as an important factor influencing Zn deficiency, and the critical molar ratio is 10. Phytate (inositol hexaphosphate) constituted up to 90% of the organically bound phosphorus in seeds. Great improvement has been made in recent years on isolating and measuring phytate, and its structure is clear. Phytate is considered to reduce Zn bioavailability in animal. Phytase is the enzyme that hydrolyzes phytate and is present in yeast, rye bran, wheat bran, barley, triticale, and many bacteria and fungi. Zinc nutrition and bioavailability can be enhanced by addition of phytase to animal feeds. Therefore, using phytase as supplements, the most prevalent Zn deficiency in animals may be effectively corrected without the mining and smelting of several tons of zinc daily needed to correct this deficiency by fortification worldwide.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Animals; Phytic Acid; Skin Diseases; Zinc
PubMed: 18357621
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B0710632 -
Poultry Science Nov 2008The effects of phytic acid and 2 sources of exogenous phytase (bacterial vs. fungal) on the flow of endogenous amino acids at the terminal ileum of broilers were...
The effects of phytic acid and 2 sources of exogenous phytase (bacterial vs. fungal) on the flow of endogenous amino acids at the terminal ileum of broilers were assessed using the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method. Phytic acid (as the sodium salt) was included in a purified diet at 8.5 and 14.5 g/kg, and each diet was fed without or with a fungal (Aspergillus niger-derived) or a bacterial (Escherichia coli-derived) microbial phytase at 500 phytase units/kg of diet. Increasing the concentration of phytic acid in the diet from 8.5 to 14.5 g/kg increased (P < 0.001) the flow of all measured amino acids by an average of 68%, with a range from 17% for proline to 145% for phenylalanine. The flow of endogenous aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and histidine were increased by more than the mean, indicating changes in the composition of endogenous protein in response to the presence of higher concentrations of phytic acid. Supplementation of both phytases reduced (P < 0.001) the flow of endogenous amino acids, but the reduction (P = 0.06) was greater for the bacterial phytase compared with the fungal phytase. These data suggest that a substantial part of the amino acid and energy responses observed following phytase supplementation in broiler chickens stems from reduced endogenous amino acid flows and that the capacity of different phytases to counteract the antinutritive properties of phytic acid vary.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Administration, Oral; Amino Acids; Animal Feed; Animals; Aspergillus niger; Chickens; Digestion; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Freeze Drying; Fungal Proteins; Ileum; Male; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 18931180
DOI: 10.3382/ps.2008-00096 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Aug 1987The catalysis by iron of radical formation and subsequent oxidative damage has been well documented. Although many iron-chelating agents potentiate reactive oxygen...
The catalysis by iron of radical formation and subsequent oxidative damage has been well documented. Although many iron-chelating agents potentiate reactive oxygen formation and lipid peroxidation, phytic acid (abundant in edible legumes, cereals, and seeds) forms an iron chelate which greatly accelerates Fe2+-mediated oxygen reduction yet blocks iron-driven hydroxyl radical generation and suppresses lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, high concentrations of phytic acid prevent browning and putrefaction of various fruits and vegetables by inhibiting polyphenol oxidase. These observations indicate an important antioxidant function for phytate in seeds during dormancy and suggest that phytate may be a substitute for presently employed preservatives, many of which pose potential health hazards.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Antioxidants; Catechol Oxidase; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Ferrous Compounds; Food Preservation; Hydroxides; Hydroxyl Radical; Iron; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 3040709
DOI: No ID Found -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2023Wheat bran and whole wheat flour are excellent dietary fibre (DF) sources which are widely used in food industry to produce high fibre food products. Although they are...
Wheat bran and whole wheat flour are excellent dietary fibre (DF) sources which are widely used in food industry to produce high fibre food products. Although they are successfully utilized in several cereal based food formulations, there is no report regarding their use in manti which is a traditional Turkish food consumed all over the country. This study aimed to investigate the effects of wheat bran and whole wheat flour on the nutritional and cooking quality of manti. Samples were produced in an industrial plant and evaluated in terms of DF, phytic acid, in vitro glycemic index (GI), color and cooking quality (cooking loss, cooking time, weight increase). Although an increase was observed in phytic acid contents of manti produced from wheat bran or whole wheat flour, their DF contents increased without any adverse effect on cooking quality compared to control manti produced from refined flour. Besides, whole wheat flour resulted in a significant decrease in GI. The outcomes of this study demonstrates the applicability of wheat bran and whole wheat flour for industrial-scale production of manti with a good nutritional profile.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Flour; Phytic Acid; Triticum; Cooking
PubMed: 38126429
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220044 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024As compounds of natural origin enter human body, it is necessary to investigate their possible interactions with the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics in general,...
As compounds of natural origin enter human body, it is necessary to investigate their possible interactions with the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics in general, namely with the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system. Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid, IP6) is mainly present in plants but is also an endogenous compound present in mammalian cells and tissues. It has been shown to exhibit protective effect in many pathological conditions. For this paper, its interaction with CYPs was studied using human liver microsomes, primary human hepatocytes, the HepG2 cell line, and molecular docking. Docking experiments and absorption spectra demonstrated the weak ability of IP6 to interact in the heme active site of CYP1A. Molecular docking suggested that IP6 preferentially binds to the protein surface, whereas binding to the active site of CYP1A2 was found to be less probable. Subsequently, we investigated the ability of IP6 to modulate the metabolism of xenobiotics for both the mRNA expression and enzymatic activity of CYP1A enzymes. Our findings revealed that IP6 can slightly modulate the mRNA levels and enzyme activity of CYP1A. However, thanks to the relatively weak interactions of IP6 with CYPs, the chances of the mechanisms of clinically important drug-drug interactions involving IP6 are low.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Phytic Acid; Molecular Docking Simulation; Xenobiotics; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; RNA, Messenger; Mammals
PubMed: 38612422
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073610 -
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine... Dec 2020Complementary feeding of breastfed infants with foods high in bioavailable zinc (Zn) can help meet physiological requirements for Zn. Some infant cereals contain high...
BACKGROUND
Complementary feeding of breastfed infants with foods high in bioavailable zinc (Zn) can help meet physiological requirements for Zn. Some infant cereals contain high concentrations of phytic acid (PA) and calcium (Ca) that may reduce absorbable Zn.
OBJECTIVES
This study measured PA, Zn and Ca concentrations in selected infant cereals sold in Canada and investigated the effects of dietary PA and Ca at concentrations present in infant cereals on Zn bioavailability in rats.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (36-day old) were fed a control diet containing normal Zn (29.1 mg/kg) and Ca (4.95 g/kg) or six test diets (n = 12/diet group). Test diets were low in Zn (8.91-9.74 mg/kg) and contained low (2.16-2.17 g/kg), normal (5.00-5.11 g/kg) or high (14.6-14.9 g/kg) Ca without or with added PA (8 g/kg). After 2 weeks, rats were killed and Zn status of the rats was assessed. PA, Zn and Ca concentrations in infant cereals (n = 20) differed widely. PA concentrations ranged from undetectable to 16.0 g/kg. Zn and Ca concentrations ranged from 7.0-29.1 mg/kg and 0.8-13.4 g/kg, respectively. The [PA]/[Zn] and [PA × Ca]/[Zn] molar ratios in infants cereals with detectable PA (16 of 20 cereals) ranged from 22-75 and 0.9-14.9 mol/kg, respectively, predicting low Zn bioavailability. Body weight, body composition (lean and fat mass), right femur weight and length measurements and Zn concentrations in serum and femur indicated that diets higher in Ca had a more pronounced negative effect on Zn status of rats fed a PA-supplemented diet. Addition of PA to the diet had a greater negative effect on Zn status when Ca concentration in the diet was higher.
CONCLUSION
These results show that, in rats, higher concentrations of dietary Ca and PA interact to potentiate a decrease in bioavailable Zn and may suggest lower Zn bioavailability in infant cereals with higher PA and Ca concentrations.
Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Calcium; Dietary Supplements; Edible Grain; Male; Phytic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Zinc
PubMed: 32950860
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126643 -
Food Chemistry Dec 2017Diets very rich in cereals have been associated with micronutrient malnutrition, and the biofortification of them, has been proposed as one of the best approaches to...
Diets very rich in cereals have been associated with micronutrient malnutrition, and the biofortification of them, has been proposed as one of the best approaches to alleviate the problem. Durum wheat is one of the main sources of calories and protein in many developing countries. In this study, 46 durum varieties grown under full and reduced irrigation, were analyzed for micronutrients and phytate content to determine the potential bioavailability of the micronutrients. The variation was 25.7-40.5mg/kg for iron and of 24.8-48.8mg/kg for zinc. For phytate determination (0.462-0.952 %), a modified methodology was validated in order to reduce testing costs while speeding up testing time. Variation was detected for phytate:iron and zinc molar ratios (12.1-29.6 and 16.9-23.6, respectively). The results could be useful to generate varieties with appropriate levels of phytate and micronutrients, which can lead to the development of varieties rich in micronutrients to overcome malnutrition.
Topics: Biological Availability; Iron; Micronutrients; Phytic Acid; Triticum; Zinc
PubMed: 28764025
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.110