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Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2010Dowling-Degos disease (DDD) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited pigmentary disorder of the flexures with a reticulate aspect and with presence of prominent...
Dowling-Degos disease (DDD) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited pigmentary disorder of the flexures with a reticulate aspect and with presence of prominent comedone-like lesions and pitted scars. The diagnosis includes acanthosis nigricans as well as other reticulate pigmentary disorders classified into: dyschromatrosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH), dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH) and reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura (RAPK). We present a 35-year-old woman, which presented with flexural hyperpigmentation considerate as acanthosis nigricans. At a close clinical and histopathological examination, we obtained sure data for Dowling-Degos disease, with a possible familial history of this disease in her son. We review the literature data concerning this disease.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Humans; Pigmentation Disorders
PubMed: 20191141
DOI: No ID Found -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2013Pigmentary demarcation lines are physiologically abrupt transition lines from areas of deeper pigmentation to less pigmented areas. They are most often seen in African...
Pigmentary demarcation lines are physiologically abrupt transition lines from areas of deeper pigmentation to less pigmented areas. They are most often seen in African and Japanese individuals and rarely observed in Caucasians. There are eight types of pigmentary demarcation lines. The one described here, type B, is restricted to women and is associated with pregnancy in non-black patients. This type of pigmentary demarcation line occurs in the posterior aspect of the legs, extending from the perineum to the ankle. Its distribution follows the Voigt's lines, which define the distribution of peripheral nerves. Its pathogenesis remains unknown. Expectant treatment is used, and good results have been reported with the use of Q-switched Alexandrite laser.
Topics: Adult; Brazil; Female; Humans; Lower Extremity; Pigmentation Disorders; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sex Factors; Skin Pigmentation; White People
PubMed: 23793206
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20131764 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2016Vitiligo is a common chronic acquired pigmentation disorder characterized by loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis and follicular reservoir. Among multiple... (Review)
Review
Vitiligo is a common chronic acquired pigmentation disorder characterized by loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis and follicular reservoir. Among multiple hypotheses which have been proposed in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, autoimmunity and oxidative stress-mediated toxicity in melanocytes remain most widely accepted. Macroautophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation pathway which widely exists in eukaryotic cells. Autophagy participates in the oxidative stress response in many cells, which plays a protective role in preventing damage caused by oxidative stress. Recent studies have enrolled autophagy as an important regulator in limiting damage caused by UV light and lipid oxidation, keeping oxidative stress in a steady state in epidermal keratinocytes and maintaining normal proliferation and aging of melanocytes. Impairment of autophagy might disrupt the antioxidant defense system which renders melanocytes to oxidative insults. These findings provide supportive evidence to explore new ideas of the pathogenesis of vitiligo and other pigmentation disorders.
Topics: Autophagy; Humans; Melanocytes; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Vitiligo
PubMed: 28018522
DOI: 10.1155/2016/3401570 -
Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research Mar 2021Melanocytes are static, minimally proliferative cells. This leaves them vulnerable in vitiligo. Yet upon malignant transformation, they form vicious tumors. This... (Review)
Review
Melanocytes are static, minimally proliferative cells. This leaves them vulnerable in vitiligo. Yet upon malignant transformation, they form vicious tumors. This profound switch in physiology is accompanied by genetic change and is driven by environmental factors. If UV exposure in younger years supports malignant transformation and melanoma formation, it can likewise impart mutations on melanocytes that reduce their viability, to initiate vitiligo. A wide variety of microbes can influence these diametrically opposed outcomes before either disease takes hold. These microbes are vehicles of change that we are only beginning to study. Once a genetic modification occurs, there is a wide variety of immune cells ready to respond. Though it does not act alone, the T cell is among the most decisive responders in this process. The same biochemical process that offered the skin protection by producing melanin can become an Achilles heel for the cell when the T cells target melanosomal enzymes or, on occasion, neoantigens. T cells are precise, determined, and consequential when they strike. Here, we probe the relationship between the microbiome and its metabolites, epithelial integrity, and the activation of T cells that target benign and malignant melanocytes in vitiligo and melanoma.
Topics: Awards and Prizes; Humans; Melanins; Melanocytes; Melanoma; Microbiota; Pigmentation Disorders; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 33438345
DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12957 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Feb 2014
Topics: Animals; Cysts; Dog Diseases; Female; Male; Pigmentation Disorders; Uveal Diseases
PubMed: 24432956
DOI: 10.2460/javma.244.3.269 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Aug 1991The most common disorders of hypopigmentation in children are pityriasis alba, vitiligo, nevus depigmentosus, and tinea versicolor. Pityriasis alba usually presents as... (Review)
Review
The most common disorders of hypopigmentation in children are pityriasis alba, vitiligo, nevus depigmentosus, and tinea versicolor. Pityriasis alba usually presents as ill defined, scaly patches of hypomelanosis on the cheeks of children with an atopic diathesis. The face is also a favored site for vitiligo, but the distribution is periorificial, and the pigment loss is complete because of a destruction of melanocytes. Vitiligo is an acquired, progressive disorder in contrast to nevus depigmentosus, which is a stable, congenital leukoderma. The localized form of nevus depigmentosus must be distinguished from an ash leaf spot, the earliest cutaneous manifestation of tuberous sclerosis, whereas the systematized form may be confused with hypomelanosis of Ito, another neurocutaneous disorder. The lesions of tinea versicolor favor the upper trunk of adolescents, and potassium hydroxide examination of the associated scale reveals hyphal and yeast forms of P. orbiculare. Any inflammatory process in the skin such as dermatitis or psoriasis can resolve with areas of hypopigmentation.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Nevus; Pigmentation Disorders; Pityriasis; Skin Neoplasms; Tinea Versicolor; Tuberous Sclerosis
PubMed: 1870914
DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38164-0 -
Dermatology Online Journal Oct 2011Acquired brachial cutaneous dyschromatosis (ABCD) is a newly described disorder of pigmentary change that occurs on the dorsal aspects of the forearms in post-menopausal... (Review)
Review
Acquired brachial cutaneous dyschromatosis (ABCD) is a newly described disorder of pigmentary change that occurs on the dorsal aspects of the forearms in post-menopausal women. We report a case of a 62-year-old woman who developed an asymptomatic, reticulated, gray-brown eruption on the dorsal aspects of the forearms of gradual onset that is clinically and histopathologically consistent with ABCD. Whereas the original report found an association between hypertension and/or the use of anti-hypertensive medications in the original cohort, we propose that this entity may, in fact, be associated more closely with cumulative sun damage and may be related to such acquired disorders of the skin as poikiloderma of Civatte. Treatment of these lesions may prove to be a challenge, with an emphasis on rigorous sun protection and adjunctive measures with depigmentating agents, chemical peels, and lasers.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Female; Forearm; Humans; Hypertension; Middle Aged; Photosensitivity Disorders; Pigmentation Disorders; Postmenopause; Skin Pigmentation; Sunlight; Telangiectasis
PubMed: 22031642
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021Skin pigmentation can occur due to increased melanin, including melanocyte proliferation, melanin biosynthesis, or melanocyte migration. There are many factors that... (Review)
Review
Skin pigmentation can occur due to increased melanin, including melanocyte proliferation, melanin biosynthesis, or melanocyte migration. There are many factors that influence the melanin production process, but the role of neurotransmitters in this process is still unclear. We found that histamine and serotonin influence the different stages of melanogenesis and melanogenesis, which increase melanogenesis. Since then, several related papers have been published, and from these papers, it has been recognised that the role of neurotransmitters in skin-pigment-related diseases needs to be summarised. By introducing the role of neurotransmitters in the regulation of various pigment disorders, including vitiligo and melasma, through this review, many researchers can be expected to try to apply neurotransmitter-related agonists and antagonists as treatments for skin pigment disorders.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Melanins; Melanocytes; Melanosis; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pigmentation Disorders; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Skin Pigmentation; Vitiligo
PubMed: 34360837
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158071 -
Advances in Clinical and Experimental... Aug 2017Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is the most frequently identifiable cause of secondary open-angle glaucoma, known as pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. The exact... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is the most frequently identifiable cause of secondary open-angle glaucoma, known as pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. The exact pathophysiology and etiology of PEX and associated glaucoma remains obscure.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the morphology of the anterior chamber angle in people with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma compared to a control group. We also evaluated the correlation between intraocular pressure (IOP) and pigmentation of the angle with the amount of exfoliated material in the anterior segment.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study group was composed of 155 eyes from 103 patients aged between 43 and 86 years. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmological examination.
RESULTS
Some difference was found in intraocular pressure between the PEX group and the control group and between the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma group and the control group, but no significant difference was found between the 2 study groups. There was a significant difference in the incidence of some degree of pigmentation in the anterior chamber angle and no difference in the widths of the angle between each group. A significant positive relationship was observed between intraocular pressure and the degree of pigmentation of the anterior chamber angle in both the PEX group and the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma group.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study indicate that the amount of pigmentation and exfoliation material in the anterior segment significantly correlates with the level of IOP and possibly with the degree of trabecular dysfunction. It seems that for clear identification of PEX and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma factors, clinical assessment appears to be insufficient.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anterior Chamber; Case-Control Studies; Diagnosis, Differential; Exfoliation Syndrome; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Gonioscopy; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Middle Aged; Pigmentation Disorders; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Retinal Pigments
PubMed: 29068575
DOI: 10.17219/acem/64023 -
The Netherlands Journal of Medicine Feb 2006
Topics: Diet; Hand; Humans; Hypervitaminosis A; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Pigmentation Disorders; beta Carotene
PubMed: 16517992
DOI: No ID Found