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Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Jan 2023COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. COVID-19 outbreak, which caused thousands of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. COVID-19 outbreak, which caused thousands of deaths, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020.
AIM
Skin manifestations related to SARS-CoV-2 infection can be divided mainly into five groups: chilblainlike lesions (CBLLs), maculopapular eruptions, urticarial eruptions, vesicular eruptions, and livedo or necrosis. Other skin findings reported are erythema multiforme (EM)-like lesions and skin findings associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and rarely with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A). Other manifestations such as pityriasis rosea or shingles are also reported.
METHODS
A total of 60 articles including reviews, studies and case reports were selected for the evaluation in this review.
RESULTS
The skin manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection are numerous and can vary widely. The major dermatological patterns of COVID-19 can be classified as inflammatory reactions (maculopapular/morbilliform, urticarial and vesicular rashes), or lesions of vascular origin (chilblain like rashes, petechiae/purpura, and livedo acemose-like pattern) CONCLUSION: We believe that the dermatologist could play an important role in the response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic through early recognition of skin lesions suggestive of COVID-19, particularly in paucisymptomatic infections where this recognition could direct toward an early diagnosis of infection that certainly leads to a better prognosis.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Skin Diseases; Purpura
PubMed: 36342945
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15477 -
Dermatology Reports Mar 2024In the wake of a global COVID-19 pandemic, where innovations in vaccination technology and the speed of development and distribution have been unprecedented, a wide...
In the wake of a global COVID-19 pandemic, where innovations in vaccination technology and the speed of development and distribution have been unprecedented, a wide variety of post-vaccination cutaneous reactions have surfaced. However, there has not been a systematic review that investigates pityriasis eruptions and the associated variants following COVID-19 inoculations. A PubMed search using was performed to find case reports from the earliest record through November 2022. Data including types of vaccination and pityriasis were extracted and a quality review was performed; 47 reports with 94 patients were found: 64.9% had pityriasis rosea (PR), 3.2% PR-like eruptions, 16.0% pityriasis rubra pilaris, 7.4% pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, 3.2% pityriasis lichenoides chronica, and 5.3% had reactions described as . The top three COVID-19 vaccinations reported were Pfizer-BioNTech (47.9%), Oxford-AstraZeneca (11.7%), and Moderna (8.5%). Pityriasis reactivity was reported most frequently after the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination, with pityriasis rosea being the most common variant. A large difference was additionally found between the ratio of post-vaccination pityriasis reactions following Pfizer and Moderna vaccinations (5.63), and the ratio of Pfizer's usage in the United States as of December 28, 2022 relative to that of Moderna (1.59). Further studies with adequate follow-up periods and diagnostic testing will thus need to be performed to elucidate the root of this discrepancy and better characterize the association between different pityriasis reactions and COVID-19 vaccinations.
PubMed: 38623364
DOI: 10.4081/dr.2023.9742 -
JAAD International Jun 2022The increasing number of reports on cutaneous reactions following COVID-19 vaccination has led to growing concerns among certain groups.
BACKGROUND
The increasing number of reports on cutaneous reactions following COVID-19 vaccination has led to growing concerns among certain groups.
OBJECTIVE
We reviewed the published reports of cutaneous lesions after COVID-19 vaccination.
METHODS
We conducted a literature search for original and review articles published between January 1, 2020, and September 27, 2021.
RESULTS
Eleven cutaneous reactions associated with COVID-19 vaccines were determined; the most prevalent reactions were local injection site reactions, delayed local reactions, urticaria, angioedema, and morbilliform eruptions. There were more reports on skin reactions following the administration of messenger RNA-based vaccines than on those following the administration of adenoviral vector or inactivated whole-virus vaccines, in part, due to their higher administration rate. Most reported skin reactions occurred after the first vaccine dose.
LIMITATIONS
A reporting bias could not be excluded, and skin biopsy results were not available for most included individuals. Moreover, given that the included trials focused on vaccine efficacy, there was a lack of details concerning cutaneous reactions and participant information.
CONCLUSION
Not all cutaneous reactions observed after COVID-19 vaccination are hypersensitivity reactions. Different cutaneous reactions may reflect underlying immune responses to the vaccines. A large majority of COVID-19 vaccination reactions were mild and self-limiting, and people should be encouraged to complete their vaccination regimen.
PubMed: 35194586
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2022.01.011 -
Dermatology Reports Mar 2021
PubMed: 34040707
DOI: 10.4081/dr.2021.9081 -
Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical... 2022A 56-year-old woman presented for evaluation of a pruritic rash with associated body aches, fever, and chills that first appeared about 1 week after Johnson and Johnson...
A 56-year-old woman presented for evaluation of a pruritic rash with associated body aches, fever, and chills that first appeared about 1 week after Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 vaccination. The rash initially presented as one lesion on her left breast that then spread to her face and groin. Based on clinical presentation, dermoscopic findings, and histopathological examination, a diagnosis of inverse pityriasis rosea was made. Although the exact pathogenesis of pityriasis rosea remains unknown, current evidence suggests that the inflammatory reaction to infectious agents, vaccines, certain drugs, or reactivation of herpesvirus 6 and 7 are possible etiologies.
PubMed: 35518792
DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2022.2044742 -
Journal of Family & Community Medicine 2023Despite the numerous reports of cutaneous manifestations associated with vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the relationship between COVID-19 vaccines and... (Review)
Review
Despite the numerous reports of cutaneous manifestations associated with vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the relationship between COVID-19 vaccines and cutaneous side effects remains unevaluated. In this review, we examine these manifestations and their management. Reported dermatoses included injection-site reaction (early and delayed), type I allergic reaction, morbilliform eruption, pityriasis rosea, Sweet syndrome, lichen planus, psoriasis, herpes zoster reactivation, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The most common COVID-19 vaccination-related cutaneous manifestations are delayed local reactions, approximately 66% of which are associated with the Moderna vaccine, and 33% with the Pfizer vaccine. Aside from mild injection-site reactions, severe reactions include anaphylaxis and TEN. Most reactions, except for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and anaphylaxis, though unpredictable and unpreventable are mild and can be treated symptomatically. Findings from this review should allow primary care physicians and dermatologists to reach faster diagnosis and initiate prompt intervention.
PubMed: 37675215
DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_3_23 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2024
PubMed: 38572044
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_501_23 -
JAAD Case Reports Jan 2018
PubMed: 29387749
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2017.06.035 -
The British Journal of Dermatology Jun 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Pityriasis Rosea; SARS-CoV-2; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; Urticaria
PubMed: 33511657
DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19833 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Jun 2019Pityriasis rosea is a common acute exanthema of unknown aetiology, which causes severe anxiety. In this study, the demographic data of pityriasis rosea patients, who...
Pityriasis rosea is a common acute exanthema of unknown aetiology, which causes severe anxiety. In this study, the demographic data of pityriasis rosea patients, who presented to our clinic between 2013 and 2017, were prospectively recorded. The patients with a confirmed pityriasis rosea diagnosis were followed up for 4 years in order to investigate the recurrence rate. Of the clinically suspected patients, having a typical history of pityriasis rosea manifestations, a herald patch, and/or secondary coloured squamous lesions, 400 were confirmed by biopsy to have pityriasis rosea. The 4-year follow-up was completed in 212 patients, of whom 136 (64.2%) were female and 76 (35.8%) were male. The recurrence rate was determined as 25.9% at the end of the 4-year follow-up period.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Male; Pityriasis Rosea; Prospective Studies; Pruritus; Recurrence; Severity of Illness Index; Skin; Time Factors
PubMed: 30848285
DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3169