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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2021L. is a wild perennial woody plant used by the local population for diverse therapeutic purposes. This work aims to study for the first time the potential inhibitory...
L. is a wild perennial woody plant used by the local population for diverse therapeutic purposes. This work aims to study for the first time the potential inhibitory effect of this plant hydroethanolic extract on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities using in vitro methods and its antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic activities using alloxan-induced diabetic mice as a model for experimental diabetes. Two doses were selected for the in vivo study (200 and 400 mg/kg) and glibenclamide, a well-known antidiabetic drug (positive control) in a subacute study (28 days) where the antihyperglycemic activity was also assessed over a period of 12 h on diabetic mice. The continuous treatment of diabetic mice with the extract of for 4 weeks succeeded to slowly manage their high fasting blood glucose levels (after two weeks), while the antihyperglycemic test result revealed that the extract of this plant did not control hyperglycemia in the short term. No toxicity signs or death were noted for the groups treated with the plant extract, and it shows a protective effect on the liver and kidney. The in vitro assays demonstrated that the inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase might be one of the mechanisms of action exhibited by the extract of this plant to control and prevent postprandial hyperglycemia. This work indicates that W. frutescens have an important long term antidiabetic effect that can be well established to treat diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mice; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Withania; alpha-Amylases
PubMed: 33430115
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020293 -
Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal... 2021The present study aimed to research the cytotoxic effects of Colchicum baytopiorum extract on normal and cancerous cells and reveal the cell death mechanisms in...
PURPOSE
The present study aimed to research the cytotoxic effects of Colchicum baytopiorum extract on normal and cancerous cells and reveal the cell death mechanisms in cancerous cells triggered by this effect.
METHODS
Within this framework, the cells' index values obtained with an xCELLigence Real Time Cell Analysis DP device, selectivity index (SI), apoptotic index (AI) based on a DAPI application and time-related activities of caspase 3,7 and 9 with a spectrofluorometer were inspected. The expressions of apoptosis/autophagy/entosis/necroptosis/anoikis-related genes were researched with qRT-PCR.
RESULTS
It was determined that C. baytopiorum extract had displayed a high selectivity [(SI)=4], increased AI (p<0.01) and activation of caspases 3,7 and 9 (p<0.05). It was observed that the mRNA expressions of Atg12, Atg16, Atg5, Atg7, bad, bak, bax, bcl-xL, Beclin1, caspase3, FLIP, Puma, LC3, mcl-1, Bit1, Rho, RIP1, ROCK and TRAF2 genes in C-4 I cells to which the plant extract was applied had increased significantly in comparison with the control group (FC≥1.5). A lowering was detected in the mRNA levels of IAP, SRC kinase and TNF.
CONCLUSION
Consequently, it was revealed that the plant extract used had increased the gene expressions in the autophagic cell death pathway in C-4 I cells along with apoptosis and thus, it could be a promising candidate for cervix carcinoma treatment.
Topics: Animals; Cell Death; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorocebus aethiops; Colchicum; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Vero Cells
PubMed: 34268982
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Aug 2021The aim of this in-vitro study was to determine the antimicrobial capacity of a Berberis vulgaris plant extract on the bacteria being associated with caries including,...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this in-vitro study was to determine the antimicrobial capacity of a Berberis vulgaris plant extract on the bacteria being associated with caries including, Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, S. sanguinis, S. salivaris and Lactobacillus rhamnosus.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Chlorhexidine 2% (CHX) mouthwash and ampicillin (10 μg/disk) were applied as positive control groups. Inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) related to stem, leaf and fruit of B. vulgaris plant were recorded for every five bacteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 22, one-way ANOVA repeated measure and post hoc Tukey statistical test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences between the antimicrobial capacity of the positive controls and the extract from the stem and fruit of B. vulgaris (p > 0.05). The MIC values of the extract from the stem were significantly lower against S. sobrinus (64 μg/ml) and L. rhamnosus (128 μg/ml). The MIC value of the extract against S. mutans was significantly lower in the fruit group (64 μg/mL). The MBC value of the extract against S. sobrinus and L. rhamnosus was significantly lower in the stem group (128 μg/ml). The MBC value against S. mutans was significantly lower in the fruit group (128 μg/ml).
CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that CHX and B. vulgaris plant extract have similar antimicrobial activity against bacteria being associated with caries. Therefore, B. vulgaris, which shows antibacterial capacity, could be considered for further investigation as a safe, phytotherapeutic mouthwash to prevent dental caries.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Berberis; Chlorhexidine; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Humans; Mouthwashes; Plant Extracts; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 33325156
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.379 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021(L.) Mosyakin and Clemants is an annual or ephemeral perennial herb used traditionally in the Mediterranean region in folk medicine to treat various illnesses,...
Phytochemical Analysis, Antispasmodic, Myorelaxant, and Antioxidant Effect of (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants Flower Hydroethanolic Extracts and Its Chloroform and Ethyl Acetate Fractions.
(L.) Mosyakin and Clemants is an annual or ephemeral perennial herb used traditionally in the Mediterranean region in folk medicine to treat various illnesses, including those related to the digestive system. This study aims to assess the antispasmodic, myorelaxant, and antioxidant effects of flower hydroethanolic extract and its chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions in a comparative study to evaluate the result of the extraction type on the potential activity of the extract. Both rat and rabbit jejunum were used to evaluate the antispasmodic and myorelaxant effect, while the antioxidant effect was evaluated using DPPH, a ferric reducing power assay, and a beta-carotene bleaching test. LC/MS-MS analysis was carried out to reveal the composition of the different types of extract. Following the results, the hydroethanolic extract showed a significant myorelaxant effect (IC = 0.39 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Moreover, it was shown that the hydroethanolic extract demonstrated the best antispasmodic activity (IC = 0.51 ± 0.05 mg/mL), followed by the ethyl acetate (IC = 4.05 ± 0.32 mg/mL) and chloroform (IC = 4.34 ± 0.45 mg/mL) fractions. The antioxidant tests showed that the hydroethanolic extract demonstrated high antioxidant activity, followed by the ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions. The LC/MS-MS analysis indicates that the plant extract was rich in flavonoids, to which the extract activity has been attributed. This study supports the traditional use of this plant to treat digestive problems, especially those with spasms.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Chenopodium ambrosioides; Female; Male; Parasympatholytics; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Rabbits; Rats
PubMed: 34885883
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237300 -
Medicine Dec 2023Antimicrobial properties of plants have been investigated by a number of studies worldwide and many of them have been used as therapeutic alternatives because of their...
Antimicrobial properties of plants have been investigated by a number of studies worldwide and many of them have been used as therapeutic alternatives because of their antimicrobial properties. The quest for suitable and affordable alternative in the face of increasing antimicrobial drug resistant has led researchers into exploring the use of plant extract in the treatment of infections. The antibacterial properties of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on selected bacteria were evaluated. Different concentrations of turmeric extract (100, 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/mL) were prepared using 2 solvents namely water and ethanol. The antibacterial activity was tested against Bacillus species, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at different concentration of the extract using disc diffusion method and ciprofloxacin was the control. The zones of inhibition exhibited by ethanol and aqueous extracts against test organisms ranged from 1 to 10 mm. the ethanolic extracts were more effective than the aqueous extracts exhibiting zones of inhibition ranging from 3 to 10 mm against Bacillus species, 4 to 9 mm against S aureus, and 1 to 7 mm against E coli. There was no inhibitory effect against P aeruginosa. There was significant difference between the ethanol and aqueous extracts (P < .05). This study reveal that Turmeric plant has antibacterial potential against selected organisms and may be of great use of pharmaceutical industries for the development of medicine to cure ailments and control abnormal serum lipid profile.
Topics: Humans; Curcuma; Escherichia coli; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Plant Extracts; Anti-Infective Agents; Ethanol; Bacteria; Water
PubMed: 38050237
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036492 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Sep 2021Leucas cephalotes is a common ethnomedicinal plant widely used by traditional healers for the treatment of Malaria and other types of fever. Oleanolic acid and its...
BACKGROUNDS
Leucas cephalotes is a common ethnomedicinal plant widely used by traditional healers for the treatment of Malaria and other types of fever. Oleanolic acid and its derivatives have been reported for various types of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-HIV and anti-HCV activity.
METHODS
L.cephalotes plant extracts were prepared by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method and oleanolic acid was isolated by preparatory thin-layer chromatography. The compound was identified and characterize by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), Fourier transform infra-Red spectroscopy (FT-IR) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The structure of the compound was elucidated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR) and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (CNMR) and the purity checked by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The MTT assay was used to determine the toxicity of plant extract and oleanolic acid using a microplate reader at 595 nm. The anti-dengue activity of plant extract and oleanolic acid was tested in vitro and in silico using real-time RT-PCR.
RESULTS
The optimum yield of the extract was obtained at 40 °C temperature and 15Mpa pressure. The maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) of plant extract and oleanolic acid were found as 46.87 μg/ml and 93.75 μg/ml, respectively in C6/36 cell lines. UV spectrophotometer curve of the isolated compound was overlapped with standard oleanolic acid at 232 nm. Superimposed FT-IR structure of the isolated compound was indicated the same spectra at 3433, 2939, 2871, 1690, 1500,1463, 1387, 1250, 1209, 1137 and 656 position as per marker compound. HPTLC analysis showed the retention factor of L. cephalotes extract was 0.19 + 0.06 as similar to the standard oleanolic acid chromatogram. The NMR structure of the isolated compound was identified as similar to the marker oleanolic acid structure. DSC analysis revealed the purity of isolated oleanolic acid was 98.27% with a melting point of 311.16 °C. Real-time RT PCR results revealed that L. cephalotes supercritical extract and isolated oleanolic acid showed 100 and 99.17% inhibition against the dengue - 2 virus when treated with MNTD value of plant extract (46.87 μg/ml) and the test compound (93.75 μg/ml), respectively. The molecular study demonstrated the binding energy of oleanolic acid with NS1and NS5 (non-structural protein) were - 9.42 & -8.32Kcal/mol, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The SFE extract L. cephalotes and its active compound, oleanolic acid inhibiting the activity of dengue-2 serotype in the in vitro and in silico assays. Thus, the L.cephalotes plant could be an excellent source for drug design for the treatment of dengue infection.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Computer Simulation; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lamiaceae; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 34496833
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03402-2 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Mar 2020Myrtus communis is a typical plant of Mediterranean area. The different parts of this plant such as berries, branches, and leaves have been used worldwide as a...
BACKGROUND
Myrtus communis is a typical plant of Mediterranean area. The different parts of this plant such as berries, branches, and leaves have been used worldwide as a traditional/folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments and diseases.
METHODS
Ethanolic leaf extract of the plant was prepared by Soxhlet extraction method. Zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration were determined by well diffusion method and microplate alamar blue assay. GC-MS analysis was carried out to identify the compounds present in the extract. Microscopy and ImageJ software were used respectively for morphology and cell-length measurements. GraphPad Prism was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
The ethanolic extract showed strong inhibitory effect against Gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria with significant inhibition-zone size (9-25 mm), MIC (4.87-78 μg/ml), as well as MBC (0.3-20 mg/ml). However, no effect was observed on the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. The growth inhibition was found to be associated with the damage of cell wall as the extract-treated cells were sensitive to cell wall-targeting antibiotics and displayed the cell wall damage-depicting morphological defects. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of novel compounds in addition to the most representative compounds of the essential oils/extracts of M. communis of other country origins.
CONCLUSION
These results demonstrate that M. communis leaf extract could be the source of compounds to be used for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. This is the first report, which provides insights into the mechanism of action of the extract in inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive bacteria.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Myrtus; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Saudi Arabia
PubMed: 32183818
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2863-3 -
Archives of Iranian Medicine Sep 2021Multidrug resistance pathogens are important heath challenges. In this study, the antibacterial activity of 20 plant extracts was tested against standard as well as 20...
BACKGROUND
Multidrug resistance pathogens are important heath challenges. In this study, the antibacterial activity of 20 plant extracts was tested against standard as well as 20 multidrug-resistant () strains of and . The most active plant extract () was selected for the synergistic activity assay.
METHODS
Plant extracts were prepared by maceration using water, methanol and ethanol. The antibacterial activity of extracts was determined by both broth and agar dilution methods. The synergistic activity of QIG with ceftazidime (CAZ) was evaluated by checker board assay. Antioxidant activity was determined by colorimetric Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay.
RESULTS
Only the methanol extract of QIG inhibited the growth of all the bacterial strains at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL. Other active extracts were and inhibiting the growth of most bacterial strains tested at 2000 µg/ mL. In checker board assay, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to both QIG extract and CAZ was reduced. The MIC of CAZ was reduced from 64-4096 µg/mL to 4 µg/mL for and to 16 µg/mL for isolates.
CONCLUSION
The QIG extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity determined by FRAP assay. The result of this study showed a strong synergistic activity between QIC and CAZ on and . The activity within ethyl acetate-methanol (7:3) fraction indicates that the active components of the plant have a semi-polar nature and further work with this fraction may lead to understanding the mechanism of this synergistic activity.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftazidime; Escherichia coli; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quercus
PubMed: 34816684
DOI: 10.34172/aim.2021.98 -
Journal of Smooth Muscle Research =... 2021Intestinal spasms are violent contractions that occur in the intestine, which cause discomfort to people who have them. Medicinal plants are widely used in traditional...
Intestinal spasms are violent contractions that occur in the intestine, which cause discomfort to people who have them. Medicinal plants are widely used in traditional Moroccan medicine to treat these problems, among these being Artemisia campestris L. This study aims to evaluate the relaxant and antispasmodic effects of an aqueous extract of this plant (ACAE). It was performed in vitro on isolated segments of both isolated rat and rabbit jejunum mounted in an organ bath and tension recordings made via an isotonic transducer. ACAE caused a myorelaxant effect on baseline rabbit jejunum contractions in a dose-dependent and reversible manner with an IC of 1.52 ± 0.12 mg/ml. This extract would not act via adrenergic receptors pathway. On the other hand, the extract caused a dose-dependent relaxation of the jejunum tone in rat jejenum segments pre-contracted with either Carbachol (CCh; 10 M) or high K (KCl 75 mM) with an IC = 0.49 ± 0.02 mg/ml and 0.36 ± 0.02 mg/ml respectively. In the presence of different doses of the extract, the maximum response to CCh and CaCl was significantly reduced. This demonstrates that ACAE acts on both muscarinic receptors and voltage-dependent calcium channels. Thus, the plant extract acted on both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors and acts on the guanylate cyclase pathway, but not the nitric oxide pathway. These results indicate the mechanism by which Artemisia campestris L. acts as an effective antispasmodic agent in traditional Moroccan medicine.
Topics: Animals; Artemisia; Calcium Channels; Cholinergic Antagonists; Parasympatholytics; Plant Extracts; Rabbits; Rats
PubMed: 34545006
DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.57.35 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Jan 2022Traditional plant-based remedies prescribed to treat diabetes have shown promise in research-based setting. Current research was conducted to examine the antidiabetic...
Attenuation of carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile by methanolic extract of Euphorbia helioscopia and improvement of beta cell function in a type 2 diabetic rat model.
BACKGROUND
Traditional plant-based remedies prescribed to treat diabetes have shown promise in research-based setting. Current research was conducted to examine the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of methanolic extract of a folk herbal plant Euphorbia helioscopia in a rat model of type 2 diabetes.
METHODS
Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by administering 5% sucrose in drinking water and cafeteria diet for 8 weeks with subsequent nicotinamide and streptozotocin administration. Diabetic rats were then distributed into four individual groups (n = 8); Positive control (PC; no treatment), standard control (SC; Metformin @ 10 mg/kg bw), treatment 1 (EH1, E. helioscopia methanolic extract @200 mg/kg bw) and treatment 2 (EH2, E. helioscopia methanolic extract @400 mg/kg bw). After 21 days of treatments, the rats were decapitated for blood collection. Serum was evaluated for antidiabetic potential, antioxidant and lipid profile, thyroid hormone, amylin, leptin, and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
RESULTS
Serum levels of glucagon, glucose and C-peptide were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in EH1 (1915.33 ± 98.26 pg/ml, 122.59 ± 2.99 mg/dl, 277.59 ± 28.41 pg/ml respectively) and EH2 (1575.28 ± 56.46 pg/ml, 106.04 ± 5.21 mg/dl, 395.06 ± 42.55 pg/ml respectively) as compared to the PC (3135.78 ± 189.46pg/ml, 191.24 ± 17.75mg/dl, 671.70 ± 109.75 pg/ml respectively) group. A similar trend was observed in serum insulin levels in EH1 and EH2 groups. The plant's methanolic extract effectively reduced the total oxidant status (TOS) and MDA levels in the diabetic rats and increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) along with an increased level of SOD, Catalase, Paraoxonase, and arylesterase. The plant extract also induced antihyperlipidemic activity and recovered the thyroid hormones, amylin, and leptin levels to normal. The activity of different carbohydrate metabolic enzymes like Pyruvate Kinase, Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, and glucokinase has also been restored by the extract treatment.
CONCLUSION
Current study indicates the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of E. helioscopia methanolic extract in normalizing the lipid profile, thyroid hormones, amylin, leptin, and carbohydrate metabolism in type 2 diabetic rat model.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Euphorbia; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lipids; Male; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 35078449
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03507-2