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Toxicon : Official Journal of the... Jul 2009A disease causing anorexia and ruminal indigestion in cattle and goats, and also edema of the lips, tongue and face in goats, was associated with the ingestion of...
A disease causing anorexia and ruminal indigestion in cattle and goats, and also edema of the lips, tongue and face in goats, was associated with the ingestion of Centratherum brachylepis in pastures containing large amounts of the plant. On 3 farms with a total of 217 cattle and 140 goats, 57 (26%) cattle and 56 (40%) goats were affected, and 11 (5%) cattle and 34 (24%) goats died. In one cow that died there were widespread and severe histologic lesions in the rumen that consisted of vacuolation and ballooning degeneration of keratinocytes, and vesicle and pustule formation in the epithelium. C. brachylepis was administered orally to 3 sheep and 11 goats. Clinical signs similar to those observed in spontaneous field cases in goats were reproduced in 2 sheep and 3 goats that ingested 30-50 g/kg body weight of the plant when administered within 48 h of it being collected. C. brachylepis collected between 2 and 13 days prior to being administered caused no clinical signs in 1 sheep and 8 goats at dose rates of 30-300 g/kg body weight of the plant. These feeding studies provide evidence that C. brachylepis is the cause of the field disease observed and that the plant loses toxicity after harvesting.
Topics: Animals; Asteraceae; Brazil; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Goat Diseases; Goats; Keratinocytes; Plant Poisoning; Rumen; Ruminants; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 19285519
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.03.002 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Jan 2015
Topics: Amino Acids, Diamino; Humans; Lathyrism; Lathyrus; Neurotoxins; Seeds
PubMed: 26030945
DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.154520 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Dec 2011
Topics: Facial Expression; Facial Muscles; History, Ancient; Homicide; Humans; Mythology; Oenanthe; Plant Poisoning; Smiling; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 22170142
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.11.0256 -
Toxins Sep 2022Abrin is a highly toxic protein obtained from the seeds of the rosary pea plant , and it is closely related to ricin in terms of its structure and chemical properties....
Abrin is a highly toxic protein obtained from the seeds of the rosary pea plant , and it is closely related to ricin in terms of its structure and chemical properties. Both toxins inhibit ribosomal function, halt protein synthesis and lead to cellular death. The major clinical manifestations following pulmonary exposure to these toxins consist of severe lung inflammation and consequent respiratory insufficiency. Despite the high similarity between abrin and ricin in terms of disease progression, the ability to protect mice against these toxins by postexposure antibody-mediated treatment differs significantly, with a markedly higher level of protection achieved against abrin intoxication. In this study, we conducted an in-depth comparison between the kinetics of in vivo abrin and ricin intoxication in a murine model. The data demonstrated differential binding of abrin and ricin to the parenchymal cells of the lungs. Accordingly, toxin-mediated injury to the nonhematopoietic compartment was shown to be markedly lower in the case of abrin intoxication. Thus, profiling of alveolar epithelial cells demonstrated that although toxin-induced damage was restricted to alveolar epithelial type II cells following abrin intoxication, as previously reported for ricin, it was less pronounced. Furthermore, unlike following ricin intoxication, no direct damage was detected in the lung endothelial cell population following abrin exposure. Reduced impairment of intercellular junction molecules following abrin intoxication was detected as well. In contrast, similar damage to the endothelial surface glycocalyx layer was observed for the two toxins. We assume that the reduced damage to the lung stroma, which maintains a higher level of tissue integrity following pulmonary exposure to abrin compared to ricin, contributes to the high efficiency of the anti-abrin antibody treatment at late time points after exposure.
Topics: Abrin; Abrus; Animals; Foodborne Diseases; Lung; Lung Injury; Mice; Plant Poisoning; Ricin; Toxins, Biological
PubMed: 36136552
DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090614 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Jul 2019is a small subshrub that is distributed throughout Brazil and is responsible for lysosomal storage disease and occasional reproductive problems in cattle, goats,...
is a small subshrub that is distributed throughout Brazil and is responsible for lysosomal storage disease and occasional reproductive problems in cattle, goats, equids, sheep, and deer. We describe herein the clinical, epidemiologic, and pathologic features of hydrallantois in 3 cows naturally poisoned by in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Clinically, all cows had marked abdominal distension and mild ataxia. After natural death or euthanasia, autopsies revealed that the abdominal distension in all 3 cases was caused by severe enlargement of the uterus, which contained 100-120 L of translucent fluid within the allantois, in addition to adventitial placentation. Microscopic evaluation of the placenta revealed marked diffuse edema, sometimes with a myxomatous appearance. Neurons in the cerebellum and obex were swollen, with mild-to-moderate cytoplasmic granular vacuolation. Histochemical examination with lectins ConA, WGA, and sWGA revealed mild-to-marked staining in the cytoplasm of neurons of the cerebellum and medulla at the level of the obex, indicating the occurrence of α-mannosidosis.
Topics: Allantois; Animals; Brain Diseases; Brazil; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Malvaceae; Plant Poisoning
PubMed: 31122163
DOI: 10.1177/1040638719850610 -
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal =... Nov 2013In Morocco, acute Atractylis gummifera L. poisoning represents the leading cause of death by plant poisoning especially for children. All cases received in the Moroccan...
In Morocco, acute Atractylis gummifera L. poisoning represents the leading cause of death by plant poisoning especially for children. All cases received in the Moroccan poison control centre from January 1981 to December 2009 (n = 467) were included in a retrospective study of the characteristics and risk factors of A. gummifera L. poisoning. The most vulnerable age group was children (63.4% of cases). Most cases were due to accidental exposure (75.5%), but some were from therapeutic use (18.1%) or attempted abortion (7.4%). Patients presented with moderate poison severity signs (grade 2) in 22.3% of cases or severe signs (grade 3) in 21.0%. The mortality rate was 39.2%. The majority of deaths (81.1%) occurred in children aged < 15 years following accidental exposure. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that risk factors for mortality were coma (OR = 20.5); hepatitis (OR = 52.7) and rural residence (OR = 7.26), while gastric decontamination was a protector factor (OR = 0.26).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Atractylis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Morocco; Plant Poisoning; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 24673087
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary Research Communications Jun 2024Poisoning is often suspected to be the origin of disease in South American camelids (SACs) by owners, but only in a few cases this assumption can be confirmed. In small...
Poisoning is often suspected to be the origin of disease in South American camelids (SACs) by owners, but only in a few cases this assumption can be confirmed. In small ruminants, rhododendron poisoning is a common emergency for livestock veterinarians. However, this condition has rarely been reported in SACs so far. This paper provides information regarding clinical findings, hematology, clinical chemistry, and treatment of four alpacas after presumed intake of rhododendron leaves including pathological findings of one of the animals. Rhododendron leaves contain grayanatoxins that lead to hyperpolarization of excitable cells. Clinical signs that were observed in the presented alpacas comprised: salivation, dehydration, decreased motility of compartment 1, uncoordinated regurgitation, and cardiac arrhythmia. Clinical chemistry revealed that rhododendron poisoning was associated with metabolic acidosis and azotaemia, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Most striking macroscopic and histopathological findings included gastric ulceration, and renal infarcts along with inflammatory changes. Leaves of Rhododendron spp. were identified in the forestomach content of this animal. Affected animals were treated symptomatically as there is no specific antidote in rhododendron poisoning. This included parenteral rehydration, treatment of metabolic acidosis (infusion of sodium bicarbonate solution), and oral administration of activated charcoal to bind potential toxins. In addition, antibiotic treatment might be necessary to prevent aspiration pneumonia in case of uncoordinated regurgitation. Of the four animals, the worst affected alpaca was euthanized, one had minimal signs and two responded to supportive care and recovered. In conclusion, rhododendron poisoning might be fatal for alpacas in individual cases and therefore rhododendron bushes should not be placed in the habitat of SACs.
Topics: Animals; Rhododendron; Camelids, New World; Plant Poisoning; Germany; Male; Plant Leaves; Female
PubMed: 38483734
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10334-y -
British Medical Journal Aug 1965
Topics: Australia; Child; Emigration and Immigration; Epidemiology; Favism; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glucosephosphates; Humans
PubMed: 14321235
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5460.534-d -
British Medical Journal Jul 1972
Topics: Amblyopia; Biotransformation; Cyanides; Diet; Humans; Plant Poisoning; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
PubMed: 5039568
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5817.49-b -
Toxicon : Official Journal of the... Nov 2011After the diagnosis of acute Crotalaria retusa poisoning, 21 healthy sheep from the affected flock were returned to the paddock and continued to consume the sprouting...
After the diagnosis of acute Crotalaria retusa poisoning, 21 healthy sheep from the affected flock were returned to the paddock and continued to consume the sprouting plants. Two years after returning these sheep to the paddock, very few plants were still alive, and after 3 years, no C. retusa plants were observed. The sheep had neither clinical signs nor biochemical alterations and delivered healthy lambs. It is concluded that resistant sheep can be used for the biological control of C. retusa.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Crotalaria; Disease Resistance; Plant Poisoning; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 21930140
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.09.002