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Journal of Experimental Botany Mar 2020The Multiprotein Bridging Factor 1 (MBF1) proteins are transcription co-factors whose molecular function is to form a bridge between transcription factors and the basal... (Review)
Review
The Multiprotein Bridging Factor 1 (MBF1) proteins are transcription co-factors whose molecular function is to form a bridge between transcription factors and the basal machinery of transcription. MBF1s are present in most archaea and all eukaryotes, and numerous reports show that they are involved in developmental processes and in stress responses. In this review we summarize almost three decades of research on the plant MBF1 family, which has mainly focused on their role in abiotic stress responses, in particular the heat stress response. However, despite the amount of information available, there are still many questions that remain about how plant MBF1 genes, transcripts, and proteins respond to stress, and how they in turn modulate stress response transcriptional pathways.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Plant Proteins; Plants; Stress, Physiological; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 32037452
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz525 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2019In the post-genomics era, integrative omics studies for biochemical, physiological, and molecular changes of plants in response to stress conditions play more crucial... (Review)
Review
In the post-genomics era, integrative omics studies for biochemical, physiological, and molecular changes of plants in response to stress conditions play more crucial roles. Among them, atlas analysis of plants under different abiotic stresses, including salinity, drought, and toxic conditions, has become more important for uncovering the potential key genes and proteins in different plant tissues. High-quality genomic data and integrated analyses of transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomics, and phenomic patterns provide a deeper understanding of how plants grow and survive under environmental stresses. This editorial mini-review aims to synthesize the 27 papers including two timely reviews that have contributed to this Special Issue, which focuses on concluding the recent progress in the Protein and Proteome Atlas in plants under different stresses. It covers various aspects of plant proteins ranging from agricultural proteomics, structure and function of proteins, novel techniques and approaches for gene and protein identification, protein quantification, proteomics for post-translational modifications (PTMs), and new insights into proteomics. The proteomics-based results in this issue will help the readers to gain novel insights for the understanding of complicated physiological processes in crops and other important plants in response to stressed conditions. Furthermore, these target genes and proteins that are important candidates for further functional validation in economic plants and crops can be studied.
Topics: Atlases as Topic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plant Proteins; Protein Conformation; Proteomics; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 31640274
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205222 -
The FEBS Journal Mar 2013Physical, chemical and biological stress factors, such as microbial infection, upregulate the transcription levels of a number of plant genes, coding for the so-called... (Review)
Review
Physical, chemical and biological stress factors, such as microbial infection, upregulate the transcription levels of a number of plant genes, coding for the so-called pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. For PR proteins of class-10 (PR-10), the biological function remains unclear, despite two decades of scientific research. PR-10 proteins have a wide distribution throughout the plant kingdom and the class members share size and secondary structure organization. Throughout the years, we and other groups have determined the structures of a number of PR-10 proteins, both in the crystalline state by X-ray diffraction and in solution by NMR spectroscopy. Despite the accumulating structural information, our understanding of PR-10 function is still limited. PR-10 proteins are rather small (~ 160 amino acids) with a fold consisting of three α helices and seven antiparallel β strands. These structural elements enclose a large hydrophobic cavity that is most probably the key to their functional relevance. Also, the outer surface of these proteins is of extreme interest, as epitopes from a PR-10 subclass cause allergic reactions in humans.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Plant Proteins; Plants; Protein Conformation; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
PubMed: 23289796
DOI: 10.1111/febs.12114 -
Plant Signaling & Behavior 2014WRKY transcription factors are one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators found exclusively in plants. They have diverse biological functions in plant... (Review)
Review
WRKY transcription factors are one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators found exclusively in plants. They have diverse biological functions in plant disease resistance, abiotic stress responses, nutrient deprivation, senescence, seed and trichome development, embryogenesis, as well as additional developmental and hormone-controlled processes. WRKYs can act as transcriptional activators or repressors, in various homo- and heterodimer combinations. Here we review recent progress on the function of WRKY transcription factors in Arabidopsis and other plant species such as rice, potato, and parsley, with a special focus on abiotic, developmental, and hormone-regulated processes.
Topics: Host-Pathogen Interactions; Plant Proteins; Plants; Signal Transduction; Stress, Physiological; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 24492469
DOI: 10.4161/psb.27700 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2021Studies implicating an important role for apyrase (NTPDase) enzymes in plant growth and development began appearing in the literature more than three decades ago. After... (Review)
Review
Studies implicating an important role for apyrase (NTPDase) enzymes in plant growth and development began appearing in the literature more than three decades ago. After early studies primarily in potato, and legumes, especially important discoveries that advanced an understanding of the biochemistry, structure and function of these enzymes have been published in the last half-dozen years, revealing that they carry out key functions in diverse other plants. These recent discoveries about plant apyrases include, among others, novel findings on its crystal structures, its biochemistry, its roles in plant stress responses and its induction of major changes in gene expression when its expression is suppressed or enhanced. This review will describe and discuss these recent advances and the major questions about plant apyrases that remain unanswered.
Topics: Apyrase; Catalytic Domain; Chemical Phenomena; Drug Discovery; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Models, Molecular; Plant Proteins; Protein Conformation; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 33807069
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063283 -
Annals of Botany Jul 2006Two families of proteins that transport small peptides, the oligopeptide transporters (OPTs) and the peptide transporters (PTRs), have been recognized in eukaryotes.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Two families of proteins that transport small peptides, the oligopeptide transporters (OPTs) and the peptide transporters (PTRs), have been recognized in eukaryotes. Higher plants contain a far greater number of genes for these transporters than do other eukaryotes. This may be indicative of the relative importance of (oligo)peptides and their transport to plant growth and metabolism.
RECENT PROGRESS
Recent studies are now allowing us to assign functions to these transporters and are starting to identify their in-planta substrates, revealing unexpected and important contributions of the transporters to plant growth and developmental processes. This Botanical Briefing appraises recent findings that PTRs and OPTs have key roles to play in the control of plant cell growth and development. Evidence is presented that some of these transporters have functions outside that of nitrogen nutrition and that these carriers can also surprise us with their totally unexpected choice of substrates.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Multigene Family; Oligopeptides; Peptides; Phylogeny; Plant Proteins; Plants; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 16735405
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcl099 -
Plant, Cell & Environment Jun 2021Salicylic acid (SA) plays pivotal role in plant defense against biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens. Tremendous progress has been made in the field of SA... (Review)
Review
Salicylic acid (SA) plays pivotal role in plant defense against biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens. Tremendous progress has been made in the field of SA biosynthesis and SA signaling pathways over the past three decades. Among the key immune players in SA signaling pathway, NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1) functions as a master regulator of SA-mediated plant defense. The function of NPR1 as an SA receptor has been controversial; however, after years of arguments among several laboratories, NPR1 has finally been proven as one of the SA receptors. The function of NPR1 is strictly regulated via post-translational modifications and transcriptional regulation that were recently found. More recent advances in NPR1 biology, including novel functions of NPR1 and the structure of SA receptor proteins, have brought this field forward immensely. Therefore, based on these recent discoveries, this review acts to provide a full picture of how NPR1 functions in plant immunity and how NPR1 gene and NPR1 protein are regulated at multiple levels. Finally, we also discuss potential challenges in future studies of SA signaling pathway.
Topics: Arabidopsis Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Phosphorylation; Plant Immunity; Plant Proteins; Salicylic Acid; Sumoylation; Ubiquitination
PubMed: 33495996
DOI: 10.1111/pce.14003 -
Annals of Botany Jun 2010Plants require at least 14 mineral elements for their nutrition. These include the macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Plants require at least 14 mineral elements for their nutrition. These include the macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S) and the micronutrients chlorine (Cl), boron (B), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo). These are generally obtained from the soil. Crop production is often limited by low phytoavailability of essential mineral elements and/or the presence of excessive concentrations of potentially toxic mineral elements, such as sodium (Na), Cl, B, Fe, Mn and aluminium (Al), in the soil solution.
SCOPE
This article provides the context for a Special Issue of the Annals of Botany on 'Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Development and Global Health'. It provides an introduction to plant mineral nutrition and explains how mineral elements are taken up by roots and distributed within plants. It introduces the concept of the ionome (the elemental composition of a subcellular structure, cell, tissue or organism), and observes that the activities of key transport proteins determine species-specific, tissue and cellular ionomes. It then describes how current research is addressing the problems of mineral toxicities in agricultural soils to provide food security and the optimization of fertilizer applications for economic and environmental sustainability. It concludes with a perspective on how agriculture can produce edible crops that contribute sufficient mineral elements for adequate animal and human nutrition.
Topics: Agriculture; Fertilizers; Minerals; Plant Development; Plant Proteins; Plants
PubMed: 20430785
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq085 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Jun 2020Many plant-pathogenic bacteria and fungi deploy effector proteins that down-regulate plant defense responses and reprogram plant metabolism for colonization and survival...
Many plant-pathogenic bacteria and fungi deploy effector proteins that down-regulate plant defense responses and reprogram plant metabolism for colonization and survival Kiwellin (KWL) proteins are a widespread family of plant-defense proteins that target these microbial effectors. The KWL1 protein from maize (corn, ) specifically inhibits the enzymatic activity of the secreted chorismate mutase Cmu1, a virulence-promoting effector of the smut fungus In addition to KWL1, 19 additional KWL paralogs have been identified in maize. Here, we investigated the structure and mechanism of the closest KWL1 homolog, KWL1-b (ZEAMA_GRMZM2G305329). We solved the Cmu1-KWL1-b complex to 2.75 Å resolution, revealing a highly symmetric Cmu1-KWL1-b heterotetramer in which each KWL1-b monomer interacts with a monomer of the Cmu1 homodimer. The structure also revealed that the overall architecture of the heterotetramer is highly similar to that of the previously reported Cmu1-KWL1 complex. We found that upon infection of , KWL1-b is expressed at significantly lower levels than KWL1 and exhibits differential tissue-specific expression patterns. We also show that KWL1-b inhibits Cmu1 activity similarly to KWL1. We conclude that KWL1 and KWL1-b are part of a redundant defense system that tissue-specifically targets Cmu1. This notion was supported by the observation that both KWL proteins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with distinct and likely tissue-related specificities. Moreover, binding by Cmu1 modulated the carbohydrate-binding properties of both KWLs. These findings indicate that KWL proteins are part of a spatiotemporally coordinated, plant-wide defense response comprising proteins with overlapping activities.
Topics: Models, Molecular; Plant Diseases; Plant Proteins; Protein Conformation; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Ustilago; Zea mays
PubMed: 32350112
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.012207 -
Plant Signaling & Behavior Nov 2010Peptide signaling regulates a variety of developmental processes and environmental responses in plants. For example, the peptide systemin induces the systemic defense... (Review)
Review
Peptide signaling regulates a variety of developmental processes and environmental responses in plants. For example, the peptide systemin induces the systemic defense response in tomato and defensins are small cysteine-rich proteins that are involved in the innate immune system of plants. The CLAVATA3 peptide regulates meristem size and the SCR peptide is the pollen self-incompatibility recognition factor in the Brassicaceae. LURE peptides produced by synergid cells attract pollen tubes to the embryo sac. RALFs are a recently discovered family of plant peptides that play a role in plant cell growth.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Peptides; Plant Development; Plant Proteins; Plants; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 21045555
DOI: 10.4161/psb.5.11.12954