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PLoS Pathogens 2013
Review
Topics: Ecosystem; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses; Plants
PubMed: 23717199
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003304 -
Viruses Feb 2023Advances in genome engineering (GE) tools based on sequence-specific programmable nucleases have revolutionized precise genome editing in plants. However, only the... (Review)
Review
Advances in genome engineering (GE) tools based on sequence-specific programmable nucleases have revolutionized precise genome editing in plants. However, only the traditional approaches are used to deliver these GE reagents, which mostly rely on -mediated transformation or particle bombardment. These techniques have been successfully used for the past decades for the genetic engineering of plants with some limitations relating to lengthy time-taking protocols and transgenes integration-related regulatory concerns. Nevertheless, in the era of climate change, we require certain faster protocols for developing climate-smart resilient crops through GE to deal with global food security. Therefore, some alternative approaches are needed to robustly deliver the GE reagents. In this case, the plant viral vectors could be an excellent option for the delivery of GE reagents because they are efficient, effective, and precise. Additionally, these are autonomously replicating and considered as natural specialists for transient delivery. In the present review, we have discussed the potential use of these plant viral vectors for the efficient delivery of GE reagents. We have further described the different plant viral vectors, such as DNA and RNA viruses, which have been used as efficient gene targeting systems in model plants, and in other important crops including potato, tomato, wheat, and rice. The achievements gained so far in the use of viral vectors as a carrier for GE reagent delivery are depicted along with the benefits and limitations of each viral vector. Moreover, recent advances have been explored in employing viral vectors for GE and adapting this technology for future research.
Topics: Genome, Plant; Agrobacterium; Climate Change; Crops, Agricultural; Plant Viruses
PubMed: 36851743
DOI: 10.3390/v15020531 -
Phytopathology Jun 2015In recent years plant viruses have been detected from many environments, including domestic and wild plants and interfaces between these systems-aquatic sources, feces... (Review)
Review
In recent years plant viruses have been detected from many environments, including domestic and wild plants and interfaces between these systems-aquatic sources, feces of various animals, and insects. A variety of methods have been employed to study plant virus biodiversity, including enrichment for virus-like particles or virus-specific RNA or DNA, or the extraction of total nucleic acids, followed by next-generation deep sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. All of the methods have some shortcomings, but taken together these studies reveal our surprising lack of knowledge about plant viruses and point to the need for more comprehensive studies. In addition, many new viruses have been discovered, with most virus infections in wild plants appearing asymptomatic, suggesting that virus disease may be a byproduct of domestication. For plant pathologists these studies are providing useful tools to detect viruses, and perhaps to predict future problems that could threaten cultivated plants.
Topics: Animals; Biodiversity; Computational Biology; DNA, Viral; Feces; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Insecta; Metagenomics; Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses; Plants; RNA, Viral; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 26056847
DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-12-14-0356-RVW -
The Journal of General Virology Mar 2024Plant viruses are transmitted mechanically or by vegetative propagation, and by vectors such as arthropods, fungi, nematodes, or parasitic plants. Sources to access...
Plant viruses are transmitted mechanically or by vegetative propagation, and by vectors such as arthropods, fungi, nematodes, or parasitic plants. Sources to access available information regarding plant virus transmissions are scattered and require extensive literature searches. Here, a recently created plant virus transmission database is described. This was developed to provide access to the modes of transmission and vectors of over 1600 plant viruses. The database was compiled using over 3500 publication records spanning the last 100 years. The information is publicly accessible via https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/virus and fully searchable by virus name, taxonomic position, mode of transmission or vector.
Topics: Animals; Plant Viruses; Arthropods; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 38441560
DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001957 -
Cells Jan 2021Vector transmission of plant viruses is basically of two types that depend on the virus helper component proteins or the capsid proteins. A number of plant viruses... (Review)
Review
Vector transmission of plant viruses is basically of two types that depend on the virus helper component proteins or the capsid proteins. A number of plant viruses belonging to disparate groups have developed unusual capsid proteins providing for interactions with the vector. Thus, cauliflower mosaic virus, a plant pararetrovirus, employs a virion associated p3 protein, the major capsid protein, and a helper component for the semi-persistent transmission by aphids. Benyviruses encode a capsid protein readthrough domain (CP-RTD) located at one end of the rod-like helical particle, which serves for the virus transmission by soil fungal zoospores. Likewise, the CP-RTD, being a minor component of the luteovirus icosahedral virions, provides for persistent, circulative aphid transmission. Closteroviruses encode several CPs and virion-associated proteins that form the filamentous helical particles and mediate transmission by aphid, whitefly, or mealybug vectors. The variable strategies of transmission and evolutionary 'inventions' of the unusual capsid proteins of plant RNA viruses are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Aphids; Capsid Proteins; Evolution, Molecular; Plant Viruses; RNA, Viral
PubMed: 33430410
DOI: 10.3390/cells10010090 -
Viruses Mar 2022Yam is an important food staple for millions of people globally, particularly those in the developing countries of West Africa and the Pacific Islands. To sustain the... (Review)
Review
Yam is an important food staple for millions of people globally, particularly those in the developing countries of West Africa and the Pacific Islands. To sustain the growing population, yam production must be increased amidst the many biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant viruses are among the most detrimental of plant pathogens and have caused great losses of crop yield and quality, including those of yam. Knowledge and understanding of virus biology and ecology are important for the development of diagnostic tools and disease management strategies to combat the spread of yam-infecting viruses. This review aims to highlight current knowledge on key yam-infecting viruses by examining their characteristics, genetic diversity, disease symptoms, diagnostics, and elimination to provide a synopsis for consideration in developing diagnostic strategy and disease management for yam.
Topics: Africa, Western; Badnavirus; Dioscorea; Humans; Pacific Islands; Plant Viruses
PubMed: 35458392
DOI: 10.3390/v14040662 -
The Journal of General Virology May 2020The family includes viruses infecting plants and filamentous fungi containing a positive-sense, ssRNA genome that can be mono- or multi-segmented. Genera in the family... (Review)
Review
The family includes viruses infecting plants and filamentous fungi containing a positive-sense, ssRNA genome that can be mono- or multi-segmented. Genera in the family include: (plant viruses), and , and (fungal viruses). This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the family , which is available at ictv.global/report/botourmiaviridae.
Topics: Fungal Viruses; Plant Viruses; RNA Viruses; RNA, Viral; Viruses
PubMed: 32375992
DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001409 -
Viruses Nov 2020Over a hundred years of research on plant viruses has led to a detailed understanding of viral replication, movement, and host-virus interactions. The functions of vast... (Review)
Review
Over a hundred years of research on plant viruses has led to a detailed understanding of viral replication, movement, and host-virus interactions. The functions of vast viral genes have also been annotated. With an increased understanding of plant viruses and plant-virus interactions, various viruses have been developed as vectors to modulate gene expressions for functional studies as well as for fulfilling the needs in biotechnology. These approaches are invaluable not only for molecular breeding and functional genomics studies related to pivotal agronomic traits, but also for the production of vaccines and health-promoting carotenoids. This review summarizes the latest progress in these forefronts as well as the available viral vectors for economically important crops and beyond.
Topics: Biotechnology; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Crops, Agricultural; Gene Editing; Gene Silencing; Genetic Vectors; Host Microbial Interactions; Plant Pathology; Plant Viruses; Plants; Vaccines
PubMed: 33238421
DOI: 10.3390/v12111338 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2022Viruses are trailblazers in hijacking host systems for their own needs. Plant viruses have been shown to exploit alternative avenues of translocation within a host,... (Review)
Review
Viruses are trailblazers in hijacking host systems for their own needs. Plant viruses have been shown to exploit alternative avenues of translocation within a host, including a challenging route through the xylem, to expand their niche and establish systemic spread, despite apparent host-imposed obstacles. Recent findings indicate that plant viruses from many families could successfully hack xylem cells in a broad range of plant hosts, including herbaceous and perennial woody plants. Similar to virus-related structures present in the phloem, virus particles and membrane-containing viral replication complexes are often observed in the xylem. Except for a few single-stranded DNA viruses in the family and a negative-sense single-stranded RNA rhabdovirus, , the majority of the viruses that were detected in the xylem belong to the group of positive-sense RNA viruses. The diversity of the genome organization and virion morphology of those viruses indicates that xylem exploitation appears to be a widely adapted strategy for plant viruses. This review outlines the examples of the xylem-associated viruses and discusses factors that regulate virus inhabitation of the xylem as well as possible strategies of virus introduction into the xylem. In some cases, plant disease symptoms have been shown to be closely related to virus colonization of the xylem. Inhibiting viral xylem invasion could raise potential attractive approaches to manage virus diseases. Therefore, the identification of the host genes mediating virus interaction with the plant xylem tissue and understanding the underlying mechanisms call for more attention.
Topics: Humans; Phloem; Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses; Plants; Virus Replication; Xylem
PubMed: 35955508
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158375 -
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews.... Jul 2017Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding field seeking to utilize nano-scale structures for a wide range of applications. Biologically derived nanostructures, such as... (Review)
Review
Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding field seeking to utilize nano-scale structures for a wide range of applications. Biologically derived nanostructures, such as viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs), provide excellent platforms for functionalization due to their physical and chemical properties. Plant viruses, and VLPs derived from them, have been used extensively in biotechnology. They have been characterized in detail over several decades and have desirable properties including high yields, robustness, and ease of purification. Through modifications to viral surfaces, either interior or exterior, plant-virus-derived nanoparticles have been shown to support a range of functions of potential interest to medicine and nano-technology. In this review we highlight recent and influential achievements in the use of plant virus particles as vehicles for diverse functions: from delivery of anticancer compounds, to targeted bioimaging, vaccine production to nanowire formation. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1447. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1447 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Topics: Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Plant Viruses; Synthetic Biology
PubMed: 28078770
DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1447