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Frontiers in Microbiology 2019Systems biology provides an opportunity to discover the role that gut microbiota play in almost all aspects of human health. Existing evidence supports the hypothesis... (Review)
Review
Systems biology provides an opportunity to discover the role that gut microbiota play in almost all aspects of human health. Existing evidence supports the hypothesis that gut microbiota is closely related to the pharmacological effects of chemical therapy and novel targeted immunotherapy. Gut microbiota shapes the efficiency of drugs through several key mechanisms: metabolism, immunomodulation, translocation, enzymatic degradation, reduction of diversity, and ecological variability. Therefore, gut microbiota have emerged as a novel target to enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity and adverse effects of cancer therapy. There is growing evidence to show that cancer therapy perturbs the host immune response and results in dysbiosis of the immune system, which then influences the efficiency of the therapy. Studies suggest that gut microbes play a significant role in cancer therapy by modulating drug efficacy, abolishing the anticancer effect, and mediating toxicity. In this review, we outline the role of gut microbiota in modulating cancer therapy and the implications for improving the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in clinical practice. We also summarize the current limitations of the safety and effectiveness of probiotics in cancer therapies such as personalized cancer therapy.
PubMed: 31293523
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01050 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2019Children with high level of preoperative anxiety during their visit to dental office are more likely to develop maladaptive behavior postoperatively. First dental...
BACKGROUND
Children with high level of preoperative anxiety during their visit to dental office are more likely to develop maladaptive behavior postoperatively. First dental experience is always critical in molding child's attitude toward dentistry. Various behavior management methods are being employed during dental treatment to complete anticipated treatment in children.
AIM
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral play therapy and audiovisual distraction for management of preoperative anxiety in children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 45 children of age 6-10 years with moderate-to-severe anxiety were allocated into three groups: group I-cognitive behavioral play therapy (CBT), group II-audiovisual (AV) distraction, and group III-tell-show-do technique (control group). Children in the CBT group were allowed to play with building blocks, asked to draw a picture and then showed a modeling video of co-operative child undergoing dental treatment. Children in group II were subjected to passive distraction with audiovisual aids, whereas group III (control) children were managed with the conventional TSD technique. Baseline and postintervention objective and subjective anxiety scores were measured with a pulse oximeter and facial image scale (FIS), respectively.
RESULTS
A statistically significant reduction in the subjective and objective anxiety scores is observed in all the three groups ( = 0.001) in both intragroup and intergroup comparisons. On intergroup comparison, the reduction in subjective and objective anxiety scores was higher in CBT ( = 0.0) than in AV distraction and TSD groups ( = 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Active distraction with cognitive behavioral play therapy is found to be more effective in reducing the preoperative anxiety in children compared to audiovisual distraction and tell-show-do technique.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Identification and management of preoperative anxiety in children is most critical for successful dental treatment. Active distraction is an effective psychological approach for behavior management in anxious children.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Rajeswari SR, Chandrasekhar R, Vinay C, Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Play Therapy and Audiovisual Distraction for Management of Preoperative Anxiety in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(5):419-422.
PubMed: 32440048
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1661 -
BMJ Open Jul 2021Play is a non-invasive, safe and inexpensive intervention that can help paediatric patients and their families manage difficult aspects of being ill or hospitalised.... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Play is a non-invasive, safe and inexpensive intervention that can help paediatric patients and their families manage difficult aspects of being ill or hospitalised. Although play has existed in hospitals for decades, research on hospital play interventions is scarce. This review aimed to categorise and synthesise the last 20 years of research on hospital play interventions.
DESIGN
Scoping review.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, ERIC and PsycINFO (1 January 2000- 9 September 2020).
STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION
We systematically searched for original peer-reviewed articles, written in English, on hospital play interventions in paediatric patients (0-18 years) in non-psychiatric settings. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, reviewed full text of relevant articles and extracted data. We thematically synthesised the data from the included studies, and a descriptive analysis, based on a developed framework, is presented.
RESULTS
Of the 297 included articles, 78% came from high-income countries and 56% were published within the last 5 years. Play interventions were carried out across all ages by various healthcare professionals. Play interventions served different roles within four clinical contexts: A) procedures and diagnostic tests, B) patient education, C) treatment and recovery and D) adaptation. Across these contexts, play interventions were generally facilitated and purpose-oriented and had positive reported effects on pain, stress, and anxiety.
CONCLUSIONS
Play in hospitals is an emerging interdisciplinary research area with a significant potential benefit for child and family health. Future research should further describe principles for play in hospitals. High-quality studies investigating short-term and long-term effects are needed to guide when and how to best integrate play in hospitals.
Topics: Anxiety; Child; Family Health; Health Personnel; Hospitals; Humans
PubMed: 34312210
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051957 -
History of Psychiatry Dec 2021After World War II in the Netherlands, outpatient mental health care for children expanded greatly. The number of Child Guidance Clinics grew, and university...
After World War II in the Netherlands, outpatient mental health care for children expanded greatly. The number of Child Guidance Clinics grew, and university child-psychiatric clinics and Youth Psychiatric Services were newly established. The leading diagnostic and treatment ideology was mainly Freudian and focused on psychotherapy. During the 1960s the Child Guidance Clinics were outstripped by the more innovative university clinics that introduced new kinds of treatment, such as play- and group-therapy. This ended the hegemony of psychiatrists, as child psychologists and psychiatric social workers replaced them as therapists. At the same time, psychologists of the two denominational university Paedological Institutes took the lead in the scientific study of children's more serious psychopathology and the development of play-therapy and remedial teaching methods.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Mental Health; Netherlands; Outpatients; Psychiatry; Psychopathology
PubMed: 34219516
DOI: 10.1177/0957154X211024919 -
Seminars in Speech and Language Aug 2022Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit early delays and deficits in play. In infancy, they engage in unusual exploratory behaviors with toys. As... (Review)
Review
Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit early delays and deficits in play. In infancy, they engage in unusual exploratory behaviors with toys. As toddlers, they are slow to develop functional play, and in preschool some children with ASD fail to develop symbolic play despite having the necessary cognitive and language skills. Furthermore, when children with ASD are engaged in play, they demonstrate less playfulness. This article reviews the literature on the characteristics of exploratory, functional, and symbolic/pretend play in children with ASD and possible reasons for their unusual patterns of play development. Increased quantity and quality of play are frequent therapeutic goals for children with ASD. If play interventions are to be successful, it is critical that speech-language pathologists have an adequate assessment of children's play skills. Several frameworks and tools appropriate for assessing play in typical children and children with ASD are described.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child, Preschool; Cognition; Humans; Play and Playthings; Schools
PubMed: 35896409
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750348 -
Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy Dec 2016The management of venous compression syndromes has historically been reliant on surgical treatment when conservative measures fail. There are, however, several settings... (Review)
Review
The management of venous compression syndromes has historically been reliant on surgical treatment when conservative measures fail. There are, however, several settings in which endovascular therapy can play a significant role as an adjunct or even a replacement to more invasive surgical methods. We explore the role of minimally invasive treatment options for three of the most well-studied venous compression syndromes. The clinical aspects and pathophysiology of Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS), nutcracker syndrome, and May-Thurner syndrome are discussed in detail, with particular emphasis on the role that interventionalists can play in minimally invasive treatment.
PubMed: 28123978
DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2016.10.01 -
Cureus Jun 2023As a type of psychotherapy, play therapy entails using play and creative activities as a means to help children express their thoughts and emotions, and to work through...
As a type of psychotherapy, play therapy entails using play and creative activities as a means to help children express their thoughts and emotions, and to work through their challenges. A wide range of issues can be addressed through play therapy, including behavioral issues, anxiety, depression, trauma, and difficulties in relationships. Through this case report, we aim to discuss the history and evolution of play therapy concepts. We will review the core principles of child-centered therapy (CCT), non-directive child-centered play (NDCCP), and cognitive behavior play therapy. We will discuss clinically helpful approaches and the evidence supporting the efficacy of play therapy in anxiety, depression, trauma, and other behavioral difficulties in children.
PubMed: 37425518
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40093 -
Cureus Aug 2023The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in early 2020, has been a great source of stress for almost every person all around the world. However, this is particularly true... (Review)
Review
The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in early 2020, has been a great source of stress for almost every person all around the world. However, this is particularly true for children. It is necessary to fully address the stress-related psychosocial issues connected with the pandemic, solely in children. Play is important for children's development, as it is a natural activity for every child. Through play and play-based interventions, children can communicate non-verbally, symbolically, and in an action-oriented manner. Therefore, play-based interventions may have the potential to be one of the coping strategies used by children who experience stress, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this narrative review was to show how play-based activities could help children deal with stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the non-clinical population. A systematic search of the literature in various databases was performed. The initial search provided 5,004 potentially eligible studies in various databases, and 42,201 records identified from Google Scholar. After excluding studies not meeting the inclusive criteria, nine papers were selected for this narrative review. This narrative review showed findings that play-based activities can have a positive effect during the COVID-19 pandemic on different stress levels in the children population. Additionally, the findings of this review highlight the importance of further research and implementation of play into many aspects of children's life.
PubMed: 37719538
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43550 -
Cytotechnology Feb 2019MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are RNA molecules at about 22 nucleotide in length that are non-coding, which regulate gene expression in the post-transcriptional level by performing... (Review)
Review
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are RNA molecules at about 22 nucleotide in length that are non-coding, which regulate gene expression in the post-transcriptional level by performing degradation or blocks translation of the target mRNA. It is known that they play roles in mechanisms such as metabolic regulation, embryogenesis, organogenesis, differentiation and growth control by providing post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. With these properties, miRNAs play important roles in the regulation of biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, drug resistance mechanisms in eukaryotic cells. In addition, there are miRNAs that can be used for cancer therapy. Tumor cells and tumor microenvironment have different miRNA expression profiles. Some miRNAs are known to play a role in the onset and progression of the tumor. miRNAs with oncogenic or tumor suppressive activity specific to different cancer types are still being investigated. This review summarizes the role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis, therapeutic strategies in human cancer and current studies.
PubMed: 30600466
DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0291-8 -
Jornal de Pediatria 2017To analyze the available evidence regarding the efficacy of using therapeutic play on behavior and anxiety in children undergoing invasive procedures. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the available evidence regarding the efficacy of using therapeutic play on behavior and anxiety in children undergoing invasive procedures.
DATA SOURCE
The systematic review search was performed in the MEDLINE, LILACS, CENTRAL and CINAHL databases. There was no limitation on the year or language.
SYNTHESIS OF DATA
The literature search found 1892 articles and selected 22 for full reading. Eight articles were excluded, as they did not address the objectives assessed in this review. Twelve studies, representing 14 articles, were included. The studies were conducted between 1983 and 2015, five in Brazil, one in the United States, five in China, one in Lebanon, one in Taiwan, and one in Iran. Most studies showed that intervention with therapeutic play promotes reduction in the level of anxiety and promotes collaborative behavior and acceptance of the invasive procedure.
CONCLUSIONS
Evidence related to the use of therapeutic play on anxiety and behavior of children undergoing invasive procedures is still questionable. The absence, in most studies, of the creation of a random sequence to assign the subjects to either the control or the experimental group, as well as allocation concealment, are factors that contribute to these questions. Another issue that characterizes an important source of bias is the absence of blinded evaluators. It is necessary to perform further studies that will take into account greater methodological stringency.
Topics: Anxiety; Child; Elective Surgical Procedures; Humans; Play Therapy; Preoperative Care
PubMed: 27485756
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.06.005