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Journal of Food Protection May 1985Plesiomonas shigelloides is an oxidase-positive, gram-negative rod that has been implicated as an agent of human gastroenteritis for almost 40 years. Reports of...
Plesiomonas shigelloides is an oxidase-positive, gram-negative rod that has been implicated as an agent of human gastroenteritis for almost 40 years. Reports of gastroenteritis associated with Plesiomonas have been increasing in recent years, although inadequacies in isolation techniques and recognition procedures have undoubtedly resulted in the underreporting of this organism in the past. Existing information indicates that P. shigelloides , while mainly an aquatic species, is widely distributed in the environment. Recent outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with consumption of oysters contaminated with P. shigelloides have resulted in an increased awareness of this organism by public health officials.
PubMed: 30943637
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X-48.5.449 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 1988A case of proctitis and fatal septicemia caused by Plesiomonas shigelloides in a 42-year-old bisexual male is reported. The medical history of the patient was...
A case of proctitis and fatal septicemia caused by Plesiomonas shigelloides in a 42-year-old bisexual male is reported. The medical history of the patient was significant for an aortic valve replacement 3 years before but was otherwise unremarkable. A serum specimen obtained at autopsy was negative for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis. P. shigelloides isolated from blood was susceptible to all antibiotics tested, agglutinated in Shigella group D antiserum, possessed a greater than 100-megadalton plasmid, and was noninvasive in a HeLa cell invasion assay. The previous reports of Plesiomonas bacteremic infections are reviewed, and possible pathogenic mechanisms are discussed.
Topics: Adult; Aortic Valve; Bisexuality; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Male; Proctitis; Sepsis; Vibrionaceae
PubMed: 3343334
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.26.2.388-391.1988 -
HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine 2020is a member of the family generally found in freshwater. There is little substantive data about the prevalence or distribution of within the United States. are most...
INTRODUCTION
is a member of the family generally found in freshwater. There is little substantive data about the prevalence or distribution of within the United States. are most commonly associated with mild, self-limited watery diarrhea among healthy individuals followed by infective colitis. Bacteremia is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of . Few cases of bacteremia can be found in the literature.
CLINICAL FINDINGS
An elderly female with multiple comorbidities was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of generalized cramping abdominal pain of several days duration. She denied any freshwater or saltwater exposure. The patient's labs were significant for leukocytosis and lactic acidosis. An abdominopelvic CT showed acute colitis of the descending colon.
OUTCOMES
Surgery was consulted for suspicion of ischemic colitis, and the patient subsequently underwent subtotal colectomy, splenectomy and resection of the distal small bowel with an ileostomy, as extensive necrotic bowel was found. Blood cultures taken on admission grew , for which piperacillin-tazobactam was started. Negative blood cultures were obtained 4 days after positive blood cultures.
CONCLUSIONS
Relative rarity and variability of presentation, presence or absence of underlying disease or exposure to risk factors, and currently limited data utilizing different antimicrobial regimens contribute to the difficulty in outlining guideline-based regimens for management of .
PubMed: 37426611
DOI: 10.36518/2689-0216.1064 -
Journal of Food Protection Nov 1986Forty strains of Plesiomonas shigelloides representing environmental and clinical isolates were characterized as to their tolerance to sodium chloride, acid and alkaline...
Forty strains of Plesiomonas shigelloides representing environmental and clinical isolates were characterized as to their tolerance to sodium chloride, acid and alkaline conditions and growth temperatures. In Tryptone broth all isolates grew in 3% but not 4% sodium chloride; whereas, in Trypticase Soy broth all isolates grew in 4% and 65% of them grew in 5% sodium chloride. All isolates initiated growth at pH 4.5 and 8.5 and 58% of the isolates grew at pH 4.0. Only 22% of the isolates grew at 8°C and 25% of them grew at 45°C. Heating at 60°C for 30 min destroyed all isolates tested.
PubMed: 30965499
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X-49.11.877 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Teleost omnivorous fish that coexist partially sharing resources are likely to modify their gut traits and microbiome as a feedback mechanism between ecological...
Teleost omnivorous fish that coexist partially sharing resources are likely to modify their gut traits and microbiome as a feedback mechanism between ecological processes and evolution. However, we do not understand how the core gut microbiome supports the metabolic capacity of the host and regulates digestive functions in specialized omnivorous fish gut traits. Therefore, we evaluated the gut microbiome of eight omnivorous fish from a single family (i.e., Cyprinidae) in the current study. We examined the correlation between host phylogeny, diet composition, and intestinal morphological traits related to the intestinal microbiome. The results indicated that cyprinid fish with similar relative gut lengths had considerable gut microbiome similarity. Notably, the SL (short relative gut length) group, as zoobenthos and zooplankton specialists, was abundant in Proteobacteria and was less abundant in Firmicutes than in the ML (medium relative gut length) and LL (long relative gut length) groups. These fish could extract nutrients from aquatic plants and algae. Additionally, we found the relative abundance of and to be positively correlated with host relative gut length but negatively correlated with the relative abundance of , , , and , and host-relative gut length. We also show a positive linear relationship between host gut microbiome carbohydrate metabolism and relative gut length, while the amino acid and lipid metabolism of the gut microbiome was negatively correlated with host-relative gut length. In addition, omnivorous species competing for resources improve their ecological adaptability through the specialization of gut length, which is closely related to variation in the synergy of the gut microbiome. Above all, specialized gut microbiota and associated gut morphologies enable fish to variably tolerate resource fluctuation and improve the utilization efficiency of nutrient extraction from challenging food resources.
PubMed: 36016786
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.936601 -
Epidemiology and Infection Dec 2000Plesiomonas shigelloides is often regarded as a non-pathogenic bacterial species that is occasionally isolated from patients with diarrhoea. However, a review of...
Plesiomonas shigelloides is often regarded as a non-pathogenic bacterial species that is occasionally isolated from patients with diarrhoea. However, a review of travellers returning to Japan with diarrhoeal illness through Kansai Airport revealed that the incidence of P. shigelloides from microbiologically confirmed cases increased from 23.2% in 1987 to 77.8% in 1999. We carried out a descriptive epidemiological study to identify patterns associated with diarrhoea due to this organism. Selected P. shigelloides isolates from this patient group were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of SpeI total chromosomal DNA digests to determine their genetic heterogeneity. Over the study period (whole of 1996 and first 2 months of 1999), 1149 of 1659 (69.3%) patients with microbiologically confirmed gastroenteritis yielded P. shigelloides. Infection was characterized by watery diarrhoea five times per day that persisted for 3 days. No statistically significant association was found between factors such as age, gender, destination, length of trip, but multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed an association between additional symptoms (vomiting, fever, abdominal pain) age and gender. The molecular fingerprints of a selection of 39 isolates and 3 reference strains of P. shigelloides were highly variable and each had a unique profile. We conclude that although P. shigelloides infections are usually mild and self-limiting, this organism may contribute to a significant proportion of travellers' diarrhoea in the Orient. The species is characterized by great heterogeneity at the DNA level.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial; Diarrhea; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Epidemiologic Studies; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Plesiomonas; Travel
PubMed: 11218202
DOI: 10.1017/s0950268800004817 -
Open Forum Infectious Diseases Aug 2021is a gram-negative bacillus that commonly causes self-limited diarrhea in humans. We present the case of bacteremia in a 49-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis who...
is a gram-negative bacillus that commonly causes self-limited diarrhea in humans. We present the case of bacteremia in a 49-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis who developed septic shock a day after eating Dojo nabe (loach hotpot), a Japanese traditional dish.
PubMed: 34409126
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab401 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Flavonoids have antimicrobial and anti-oxidation properties. The effects of the flavonoid quercetin on the intestinal microflora of freshwater dark sleeper were tested...
Flavonoids have antimicrobial and anti-oxidation properties. The effects of the flavonoid quercetin on the intestinal microflora of freshwater dark sleeper were tested for the first time. juveniles were treated with quercetin for 21 days at one of three concentrations (2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/L) and compared with a control group that was not treated with quercetin. Quercetin improved the stability of the intestinal flora in and the probiotic bacteria spp. and spp. increased in species abundance after the low concentration quercetin treatments. Furthermore, the abundance of pathogenic bacteria spp., spp., and spp. decreased after the fish had been exposed to quercetin. Activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD), (glutathione S-transferase, GST), (glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px), and (total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC) increased in the livers of treated with quercetin, thereby increasing their hepatic antioxidant capacity and their ability to scavenge free radicals.
PubMed: 36290739
DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102015 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Jan 2023Diarrhea is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among children younger than 5 years in developing countries. Children from 3 to 60 months of age were recruited...
Diarrhea is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among children younger than 5 years in developing countries. Children from 3 to 60 months of age were recruited from two hospitals in Nepal- Bharatpur Hospital, Bharatpur, and Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu-in 2006 to 2009. Stool specimens collected from 1,200 children with acute diarrhea (cases) and 1,200 children without diarrhea (control subjects) were examined for a broad range of enteropathogens by standard microbiology, including microscopy, enzyme immunoassay for viral pathogens (adenovirus, astrovirus, and rotavirus) and protozoa (Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba histolytica), as well as by using reverse transcription real-time polymerase for norovirus. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Overall, rotavirus (22% versus 2%), norovirus (13% versus 7%), adenovirus (3% versus 0%), Shigella (6% versus 1%), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (8% versus 4%), Vibrio (7% versus 0%), and Aeromonas (9% versus 3%) were identified significantly more frequently in cases than control subjects. Campylobacter, Plesiomonas, Salmonella, and diarrheagenic E. coli (enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, enteroaggregative) were identified in similar proportions in diarrheal and non-diarrheal stools. Campylobacter was resistant to second-generation quinolone drugs (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), whereas Vibrio and Shigella were resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. This study documents the important role of rotavirus and norovirus in acute diarrhea in children younger than 5 years, followed by the bacteria Shigella, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Vibrio cholera, and Aeromonas. Data on the prevalence and epidemiology of enteropathogens identify potential pathogens for public health interventions, whereas pathogen antibiotic resistance pattern data may provide guidance on choice of therapy in clinical settings.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Child, Preschool; Cryptosporidiosis; Nepal; Cryptosporidium; Diarrhea; Rotavirus; Shigella; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; Campylobacter; Adenoviridae; Norovirus; Adenoviridae Infections; Anti-Infective Agents; Acute Disease
PubMed: 36509064
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1219 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 1989An adult Bangladeshi woman had persistent bloody diarrhea. Repeated stool cultures yielded Plesiomonas shigelloides in pure growth. Tissue specimens of the colon were...
An adult Bangladeshi woman had persistent bloody diarrhea. Repeated stool cultures yielded Plesiomonas shigelloides in pure growth. Tissue specimens of the colon were consistent with pseudomembranous colitis. Treatment with tetracycline, to which the isolate was susceptible, brought prompt recovery; the stool cultures became negative and the serum antibody titer against P. shigelloides lipopolysaccharide, as measured by hemagglutination inhibition with P. shigelloides lipopolysaccharide-sensitized sheep erythrocytes, declined from 1:160 to 1:40.
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Colon; Colonoscopy; Dysentery; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Female; Humans; Tetracycline; Vibrionaceae
PubMed: 2768477
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.27.8.1913-1915.1989