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Journal of Microbiology and... Apr 2021, a member of the family , is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterium with flagella. has been isolated from such sources as freshwater, surface...
, a member of the family , is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterium with flagella. has been isolated from such sources as freshwater, surface water, and many wild and domestic animals. contains 102 Oantigens and 51 H-antigens. The diversity of O-antigen gene clusters is relatively poorly understood. In addition to O1 and O17 reported by other laboratories, and the 12 O serogroups (O2, O10, O12, O23, O25, O26, O32, O33, O34, O66, O75, and O76) reported previously by us, in the present study, nine new serogroups (O8, O17, O18, O37, O38, O39, O44, O45, and O61) were sequenced and annotated. The genes for the O-antigens of these nine groups are clustered together in the chromosome between and . Only O38 possesses the and genes for the synthesis and translocation of O-antigens via the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter pathway; the other eight use the Wzx/Wzy pathway. Phylogenetic analysis using and showed that both genes are diversified. Among the nine new serogroups, eight use genes as targets. In addition, we developed an O-antigen-specific PCR assay to detect these nine distinct serogroups with no cross reactions among them.
Topics: Multigene Family; O Antigens; Phylogeny; Plesiomonas; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Serotyping
PubMed: 33746188
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2010.10008 -
Vaccines Nov 2022The swift emergence of antibiotic resistance (AR) in bacterial pathogens to make themselves adaptable to changing environments has become an alarming health issue. To...
The swift emergence of antibiotic resistance (AR) in bacterial pathogens to make themselves adaptable to changing environments has become an alarming health issue. To prevent AR infection, many ways can be accomplished such as by decreasing the misuse of antibiotics in human and animal medicine. Among these AR bacterial species, is one of the etiological agents of intestinal infection in humans. It is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that is highly resistant to several classes of antibiotics, and no licensed vaccine against the aforementioned pathogen is available. Hence, substantial efforts are required to screen protective antigens from the pathogen whole genome that can be subjected easily to experimental evaluations. Here, we employed a reverse vaccinology (RV) approach to design a multi-antigenic epitopes based vaccine against . The complete genomes of were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnological Information (NCBI) that on average consist of 5226 proteins. The complete proteomes were subjected to different subtractive proteomics filters, and in the results of that analysis, out of total proteins, 2399 were revealed as non-redundant and 2827 as redundant proteins. The non-redundant proteins were further checked for subcellular localization analysis, in which three were localized in the extracellular matrix, eight were outer membrane, and 13 were found in the periplasmic membrane. All surface localized proteins were found to be virulent. Out of a total of 24 virulent proteins, three proteins (flagellar hook protein (FlgE), hypothetical protein, and TonB-dependent hemoglobin/transferrin/lactoferrin family receptor protein) were considered as potential vaccine targets and subjected to epitopes prediction. The predicted epitopes were further examined for antigenicity, toxicity, and solubility. A total of 10 epitopes were selected (GFKESRAEF, VQVPTEAGQ, KINENGVVV, ENKALSQET, QGYASANDE, RLNPTDSRW, TLDYRLNPT, RVTKKQSDK, GEREGKNRP, RDKKTNQPL). The selected epitopes were linked with each other via specific GPGPG linkers in order to design a multi-epitopes vaccine construct, and linked with cholera toxin B subunit adjuvant to make the designed vaccine construct more efficient in terms of antigenicity. The 3D structure of the vaccine construct was modeled ab initio as no appropriate template was available. Furthermore, molecular docking was carried out to check the interaction affinity of the designed vaccine with major histocompatibility complex (MHC-)I (PDB ID: 1L1Y), MHC-II (1KG0), and toll-like receptor 4 ((TLR-4) (PDB: 4G8A). Molecular dynamic simulation was applied to evaluate the dynamic behavior of vaccine-receptor complexes. Lastly, the binding free energies of the vaccine with receptors were estimated by using MMPB/GBSA methods. All of the aforementioned analyses concluded that the designed vaccine molecule as a good candidate to be used in experimental studies to disclose its immune protective efficacy in animal models.
PubMed: 36366394
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111886 -
BMC Microbiology Oct 2021The anoxic redox control binary system plays an important role in the response to oxygen as a signal in the environment. In particular, phosphorylated ArcA, as a global...
BACKGROUND
The anoxic redox control binary system plays an important role in the response to oxygen as a signal in the environment. In particular, phosphorylated ArcA, as a global transcription factor, binds to the promoter regions of its target genes to regulate the expression of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism genes. However, the function of ArcA in Plesiomonas shigelloides is unknown.
RESULTS
In the present study, P. shigelloides was used as the research object. The differences in growth, motility, biofilm formation, and virulence between the WT strain and the ΔarcA isogenic deletion mutant strain were compared. The data showed that the absence of arcA not only caused growth retardation of P. shigelloides in the log phase, but also greatly reduced the glucose utilization in M9 medium before the stationary phase. The motility of the ΔarcA mutant strain was either greatly reduced when grown in swim agar, or basically lost when grown in swarm agar. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay results showed that ArcA bound to the promoter regions of the flaK, rpoN, and cheV genes, indicating that ArcA directly regulates the expression of these three motility-related genes in P. shigelloides. Meanwhile, the ability of the ΔarcA strain to infect Caco-2 cells was reduced by 40%; on the contrary, its biofilm formation was enhanced. Furthermore, the complementation of the WT arcA gene from pBAD33-arcA was constructed and all of the above features of the pBAD33-arcA complemented strain were restored to the WT level.
CONCLUSIONS
We showed the effect of ArcA on the growth, motility, biofilm formation, and virulence of Plesiomonas shigelloides, and demonstrated that ArcA functions as a positive regulator controls the motility of P. shigelloides by directly regulating the expression of flaK, rpoN and cheV genes.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Plesiomonas; Transcription Factors; Virulence
PubMed: 34607564
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02322-y -
Molecular Medicine Reports Dec 2016Plesiomonas shigelloides (P. shigelloides) is implicated as an aetiological agent of human gastroenteritis in humans, for which reliable laboratory detection of...
Plesiomonas shigelloides (P. shigelloides) is implicated as an aetiological agent of human gastroenteritis in humans, for which reliable laboratory detection of P. shigelloides is clinically and epidemiologically desirable. A simple molecular method for rapid detection of P. shigelloides using cross‑priming amplification (CPA) has been developed, with hugA as the target. The hugA gene is required for haem iron utilisation and is critical for the survival and growth of P. shigelloides. The assay output was visualised as a colour change with no need to open the reaction tubes, and no false‑positive results were detected for the 33 non‑ P. shigelloides strains examined to assess assay specificity. The limit of detection was 200 fg P. shigelloides DNA per reaction and 3x103 CFU per g in human stools, which was 100 and 10‑fold more sensitive than polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The CPA method was used to detect the presence of P. shigelloides in stool specimens from 70 patients with diarrhoea and 30 environmental water samples, with no difference in accuracy between the CPA assay and the biological culture. The present study, therefore, suggests that the P. shigelloides hugA CPA assay may represent a valuable tool for rapid and sensitive detection of P. shigelloides in primary care facilities and clinical laboratories.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Genes, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Plesiomonas; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult
PubMed: 27878230
DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5937 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2021Fish and fish products are considered a fundamental part of the human diet due to their high nutritional value. Food-borne diseases are considered a major public health... (Review)
Review
Fish and fish products are considered a fundamental part of the human diet due to their high nutritional value. Food-borne diseases are considered a major public health challenge worldwide due to their incidence, associated mortality, and negative economic repercussions. Food safety is the guarantee that foods will not cause harm to the health of those who consume them, and it is a fundamental property of food quality. Food safety can be at risk of being lost at any stage of the food chain if the food is contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms. Many diverse bacteria are present in the environment and as part of the microbiota of food that can be transmitted to humans during the handling and consumption of food. has been mainly associated with outbreaks of gastrointestinal diseases due to the consumption of fish. This bacterium inhabits the environment and aquatic animals and is associated with the microbiota of fish such as tilapia, a fish of importance in fishing, aquaculture, commercialization, and consumption worldwide. The purpose of this document is to provide, through a bibliographic review of databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, among others), a general informative perspective on food-borne diseases and, in particular, the consumption of fish and tilapia. Diseases derived from contamination by are included, and control and prevention actions and sanitary regulations for fishery products established in several countries around the world are discussed to promote the safety of foods of aquatic origin intended for human consumption and to protect public health.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Bacterial Load; Cryopreservation; Disease Reservoirs; Fish Diseases; Fish Products; Food Contamination; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Food Preservation; Food Safety; Gastroenteritis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Plesiomonas; Prevalence; Quality Control; Seafood; Tilapia; Water Pollution
PubMed: 34594160
DOI: 10.1155/2021/3119958 -
Italian Journal of Pediatrics Jan 2015The most usual presentation of Plesiomonas shigelloides infection is an acute gastroenteritis, and extraintestinal manifestations are extremely rare. We reported the... (Review)
Review
The most usual presentation of Plesiomonas shigelloides infection is an acute gastroenteritis, and extraintestinal manifestations are extremely rare. We reported the first neonate with P. shigelloides meningoencephalitis in China and reviewed the twelve cases previously reported. Our report adds further awareness on Plesiomonas shigelloides meningoencephalitis in neonate and points out the importance of an early diagnosis and the use of sensitive antibiotics treatment to this fatal infection.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meningoencephalitis; Plesiomonas; Radiography
PubMed: 25599746
DOI: 10.1186/s13052-014-0107-1 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019is a Gram-negative, flagellated, rod-shaped, ubiquitous, and facultative anaerobic bacterium. It has been isolated from various sources, such as freshwater, surface...
is a Gram-negative, flagellated, rod-shaped, ubiquitous, and facultative anaerobic bacterium. It has been isolated from various sources, such as freshwater, surface water, and many wild and domestic animals. is associated with diarrheal diseases of acute secretory gastroenteritis, an invasive shigellosis-like disease, and a cholera-like illness in humans. At present, 102 somatic antigens and 51 flagellar antigens of have been recognized; however, very little is known about variations of O-antigens among species. In this study, 12 O-antigen gene clusters of , O2H1a1c (G5877), O10H41 (G5892), O12H35 (G5890), O23H1a1c (G5263), O25H3 (G5879), O26H1a1c (G5889), O32H37 (G5880), O33H38 (G5881), O34H34 (G5882), O66H3 (G5270), O75H34 (G5885), and O76H39 (G5886), were sequenced and analyzed. The genes that control O-antigen synthesis are present as chromosomal gene clusters that maps between and , and most of the synthesis and translocation of OPS (O-specific polysaccharide) belongs to Wzx/Wzy pathway with the exception of O12, O25, and O66, which use the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter pathway. Phylogenetic analysis of and show that the and genes are specific to individual O-antigens and can be used as targets in molecular typing. Based on the sequence data, an O-antigen specific suspension array that detects 12 distinct OPS' has been developed. This is the first report to catalog the genetic features of O-antigen variations and develop a suspension array for the molecular typing. The method has several advantages over traditional bacteriophage and serum agglutination methods and lays the foundation for easier identification and detection of additional O-antigen in the future.
PubMed: 31024508
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00741 -
Infection and Immunity Feb 1982To evaluate the enteropathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides, the rate of isolation of these organisms was compared among individuals with...
To evaluate the enteropathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides, the rate of isolation of these organisms was compared among individuals with and without diarrhea in Thailand. In two groups of American travelers, A. hydrophila, but not P. shigelloides, was associated with episodes of travelers diarrhea more often than when individuals did not have diarrhea (P less than 0.025). Among three populations of Thais, A. hydrophila and P. shigelloides were isolated with similar frequencies from individuals with and without diarrhea. The biochemical characteristics, production of cytotoxin, and ability to distend suckling mouse intestine were similar among A. hydrophila isolates from individuals with and without diarrhea. However, cytotoxic A. hydrophila strains distended rabbit and suckling mouse intestine and produced destructive lesions in intestinal mucosa of both species of animal. P. shigelloides strains produced neither cytotoxin nor distended intestine. Oral administration of whole cultures (10(9)) of cytotoxic A. hydrophila or P. shigelloides failed to cause diarrhea in rhesus monkeys. Volunteer studies or intestinal biopsies of patients with diarrhea may be required to establish whether A. hydrophila is a gastrointestinal pathogen in humans.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aeromonas; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Enterotoxins; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Thailand; United States; Vibrionaceae
PubMed: 7056580
DOI: 10.1128/iai.35.2.666-673.1982 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Aug 2010In this study, we report the case of a 2.5-day-old neonate with septicemia and meningitis due to Plesiomonas shigelloides. Culture of the cerebrospinal fluid showed... (Review)
Review
In this study, we report the case of a 2.5-day-old neonate with septicemia and meningitis due to Plesiomonas shigelloides. Culture of the cerebrospinal fluid showed Gram-negative rods, although the glucose, protein and leukocyte counts were normal. The patient was treated with meropenem and survived without any sequelae, although we were not able to identify the source of the infection. In addition, ten previously reported cases of this infection are reviewed.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meningoencephalitis; Meropenem; Plesiomonas; Sepsis; Thienamycins; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 20688296
DOI: 10.1016/S1684-1182(10)60053-9 -
Heliyon Jun 2024, an aquatic bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, is a frequent cause of gastroenteritis with diarrhea and gastrointestinal severe disease. Despite...
, an aquatic bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, is a frequent cause of gastroenteritis with diarrhea and gastrointestinal severe disease. Despite decades of research, discovering a licensed and globally accessible vaccine is still years away. Developing a putative vaccine that can combat the infection by boosting population immunity against is direly needed. In the framework of the current study, the entire proteome of was explored using subtractive genomics integrated with the immunoinformatics approach for designing an effective vaccine construct against . The overall stability of the vaccine construct was evaluated using molecular docking, which demonstrated that MEV showed higher binding affinities with toll-like receptors (TLR4: 51.5 ± 10.3, TLR2: 60.5 ± 9.2) and MHC receptors(MHCI: 79.7 ± 11.2 kcal/mol, MHCII: 70.4 ± 23.7). Further, the therapeutic efficacy of the vaccine construct for generating an efficient immune response was evaluated by computational immunological simulation. Finally, computer-based cloning and improvement in codon composition without altering amino acid sequence led to the development of a proposed vaccine. In a nutshell, the findings of this study add to the existing knowledge about the pathogenesis of this infection. The schemed MEV can be a possible prophylactic agent for individuals infected with . Nevertheless, further authentication is required to guarantee its safeness and immunogenic potential.
PubMed: 38845922
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31304