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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jan 1990The antibiotic susceptibilities of 29 isolates of Plesiomonas shigelloides were studied with 24 antibiotics and antibiotic-inhibitor combinations. Results indicated that...
The antibiotic susceptibilities of 29 isolates of Plesiomonas shigelloides were studied with 24 antibiotics and antibiotic-inhibitor combinations. Results indicated that all isolates were susceptible to the cephalosporins, penicillins combined with a beta-lactamase inhibitor, aztreonam, and ciprofloxacin. Most isolates were resistant to the penicillins, possibly via production of a penicillinase.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Interactions; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillins; Vibrionaceae; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
PubMed: 2327753
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.34.1.159 -
Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang... Dec 2000To study the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological features of Plesiomonas shigelloides infection in Hong Kong.
OBJECTIVE
To study the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological features of Plesiomonas shigelloides infection in Hong Kong.
DESIGN
Retrospective study.
SETTING
Infectious Disease Unit of a district hospital, Hong Kong.
PATIENTS
Patients with laboratory-confirmed cases of Plesiomonas shigelloides infection between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 1998.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Epidemiological and clinical data, antibiotic sensitivity, and clinical outcome.
RESULTS
There was an increasing trend in the number of isolates of Plesiomonas shigelloides obtained and the prevalence of the bacterium. A total of 197 isolates were obtained from 188 patients, and most isolates (172; 87.3%) were obtained during the summer. Clinical and epidemiological data were available for 167 patients (85 males, 82 females). Patient age ranged from 1 month to 95 years; the mean and median ages of the patients older than 15 years were 51.0 and 40.5 years, respectively (n=132). Only 35 (21.0%) of the 167 patients had a history of travel outside Hong Kong, whereas 21 (12.6%) had a history of consuming seafood or uncooked food; 39 (23.4%) had underlying medical conditions. Most patients (165; 98.8%) had symptoms of Plesiomonas shigelloides infection. Nine (5.4%) patients had had chronic diarrhoea for more than 2 weeks; watery and bloody diarrhoea was discharged by 122 (73.1%) and 42 (25.1%) of the patients, respectively. All 197 Plesiomonas shigelloides isolates were sensitive to ofloxacin, or levofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Resistance or partial resistance was recorded for ampicillin (72%), tetracycline (67%), co-trimoxazole (12%), and chloramphenicol (5%). The majority of patients (142/167; 85.0%) had self-limiting cases of infection, but 25 patients were given antibiotics for more severe symptoms at the time of presentation; there were two deaths.
CONCLUSIONS
The occurrence of Plesiomonas shigelloides infection in Hong Kong is increasing, although most cases of are self-limiting.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Hong Kong; Humans; Infant; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Plesiomonas; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 11177159
DOI: No ID Found -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Jul 1986Plesiomonas shigelloides is a rare cause of invasive infection, most clinically significant isolates being from the gastrointestinal tract of animals and man. Recently...
Plesiomonas shigelloides is a rare cause of invasive infection, most clinically significant isolates being from the gastrointestinal tract of animals and man. Recently it has been implicated as an increasing cause of opportunistic infections. We report a case of P. shigelloides septicaemia and pleural effusion in a patient with pre-existing alcoholic liver disease. This case serves to illustrate the possible role of P. shigelloides as an opportunistic pathogen in a compromised host especially where there is co-existing liver disease.
Topics: Humans; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Male; Middle Aged; Pleural Effusion; Sepsis; Vibrionaceae
PubMed: 3748932
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.62.729.663 -
Infection and Immunity Apr 1987Epidemiologic evidence suggests that Plesiomonas shigelloides is an enteric pathogen. We conducted in vitro, animal, and volunteer studies on P. shigelloides isolates...
Epidemiologic evidence suggests that Plesiomonas shigelloides is an enteric pathogen. We conducted in vitro, animal, and volunteer studies on P. shigelloides isolates from patients with diarrhea. Five strains gave a negative keratoconjunctivitis reaction in guinea pigs and did not invade HeLa cells. Genetic probes for heat-stable enterotoxins related to those of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and for gene sequences common to the invasiveness plasmids of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive E. coli were negative. Heat-labile enterotoxins were not found when a modified GM1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used. Rabbits did not develop diarrhea but were transiently colonized when inoculated with up to 10(11) P. shigelloides CFU using the reversible intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea model. A very large plasmid (between 118 and 312 megadaltons) was found in all isolates. Strain P012 was cured of its plasmid by novobiocin. This strain, but not its cured derivative, invaded the mucosa of the distal ileum of gnotobiotic piglets given 10(10) CFU. At a lower inoculum (10(9) CFU), strain P012 induced inflammation of the colonic mucosa and diarrhea at day 6. The same isolate was fed to 33 healthy volunteers in doses of 1 X 10(3) to 4 X 10(9) CFU. Thirty-six percent of the volunteers shed the organism, but none became ill. These data are only weakly supportive of a role for P. shigelloides in diarrheal illness and suggest the need for more studies with other strains to better understand its pathogenicity.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Toxins; DNA, Bacterial; Diarrhea; Enterotoxins; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Microscopy, Electron; Plasmids; Rabbits; Swine; Vibrionaceae
PubMed: 3557621
DOI: 10.1128/iai.55.4.979-985.1987 -
PloS One 2012Plesiomonas shigelloides is one of the causative agents of human gastroenteritis, with increasing number of reports describing such infections in recent years. In this...
Plesiomonas shigelloides is one of the causative agents of human gastroenteritis, with increasing number of reports describing such infections in recent years. In this study, the hugA gene was chosen as the target to design loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for the rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of P. shigelloides. The performance of the assay with reference plasmids and spiked human stools as samples was evaluated and compared with those of quantitative PCR (qPCR). No false-positive results were observed for the 32 non-P. shigelloides strains used to evaluate assay specificity. The limit of detection for P. shigelloides was approximately 20 copies per reaction in reference plasmids and 5×10(3) CFU per gram in spiked human stool, which were more sensitive than the results of qPCR. When applied in human stool samples spiked with 2 low levels of P. shigelloides, the LAMP assays achieved accurate detection after 6-h enrichment. In conclusion, the LAMP assay developed in this study is a valuable method for rapid, cost-effective, and simple detection of P. shigelloides in basic clinical and field laboratories in the rural areas of China.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Colony Count, Microbial; DNA Primers; Feces; Genes, Bacterial; Limit of Detection; Plesiomonas; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 23077478
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041978 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Apr 2002The structure of the core oligosaccharide moiety of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Plesiomonas shigelloides O54 (strain CNCTC 113/92) has been investigated by (1)H and...
Core oligosaccharides of Plesiomonas shigelloides O54:H2 (strain CNCTC 113/92): structural and serological analysis of the lipopolysaccharide core region, the O-antigen biological repeating unit, and the linkage between them.
The structure of the core oligosaccharide moiety of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Plesiomonas shigelloides O54 (strain CNCTC 113/92) has been investigated by (1)H and (13)C NMR, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (MS)/MS, matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS, monosaccharide and methylation analysis, and immunological methods. It was concluded that the main core oligosaccharide of this strain is composed of a decasaccharide with the following structure: (see text) in which l-alpha-D-Hepp is l-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptopyranose. The nonasaccharide variant of the core oligosaccharide ( approximately 10%), devoid of beta-D-Glcp substituting the alpha-D-GlcpN at C-6, was also identified. The core oligosaccharide substituted at C-4 of the outer core beta-D-Glcp residue with the single O-polysaccharide repeating unit was also isolated yielding a hexadecasaccharide structure. The determination of the monosaccharides involved in the linkage between the O-specific polysaccharide part and the core, as well as the presence of -->3)-D-beta-D-Hepp-(1--> instead of -->3,4)-D-beta-D-Hepp-(1--> in the repeating unit, revealed the structure of the biological repeating unit of the O-antigen. The core oligosaccharides are not substituted by phosphate residues and represent novel core type of bacterial LPS that is characteristic for the Plesiomonas shigelloides serotype O54. Serological screening of 69 different O-serotypes of P. shigelloides suggests that epitopes similar to the core oligosaccharide of serotype O54 (strain CNCTC 113/92) might also be present in the core region of the serotypes O24 (strain CNCTC 92/89), O37 (strain CNCTC 39/89) and O96 (strain CNCTC 5133) LPS.
Topics: Acetylation; Antibodies; Carbohydrate Sequence; Disaccharides; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Lipopolysaccharides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Methylation; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligosaccharides; Plesiomonas; Silver Staining; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 11796731
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M111885200 -
Case Reports in Gastroenterology 2021The differential diagnosis for an acute Crohn's flare should include enteric infection, a challenging yet critical distinction to make when determining appropriate...
The differential diagnosis for an acute Crohn's flare should include enteric infection, a challenging yet critical distinction to make when determining appropriate therapy. Since both present similarly, identification of an enteric infection should be performed with comprehensive stool microbial testing. In the setting of moderate-to-severe disease, patients on biologic therapy may be more prone to infectious complications. We present a patient with chronic Crohn's disease with an unusual, previously undetected enteric infection due to Once identified, appropriate antibiotic treatment led to resolution of the patient's acute symptomatology. This is the first reported case of infection in Crohn's disease.
PubMed: 34616242
DOI: 10.1159/000513976 -
Revue Scientifique Et Technique... Aug 1997In the United States of America, seafood ranked third on the list of products which caused foodborne disease between 1983 and 1992. Outbreaks connected with fish vectors... (Review)
Review
In the United States of America, seafood ranked third on the list of products which caused foodborne disease between 1983 and 1992. Outbreaks connected with fish vectors were caused by scombroid, ciguatoxin, bacteria and unknown agents; in shellfish, unknown agents, paralytic shellfish poisoning, Vibrio spp. and other bacteria, followed by hepatitis A virus, were responsible for the outbreaks. At least ten genera of bacterial pathogens have been implicated in seafood-borne diseases. Over the past twenty-five years, bacterial pathogens associated with faecal contamination have represented only 4% of the shellfish-associated outbreaks, while naturally-occurring bacteria accounted for 20% of shellfish-related illnesses and 99% of the deaths. Most of these indigenous bacteria fall into the family Vibrionaceae which includes the genera Vibrio, Aeromonas and Plesiomonas. In general, Vibrio spp. are not associated with faecal contamination and therefore faecal indicators do not correlate with the presence of Vibrio. Viruses are the most significant cause of shellfish-associated disease: in New York State, for example, 33% and 62% of 196 outbreaks between 1981 and 1992 were caused by Norwalk virus and gastrointestinal viruses (small round structured viruses), respectively. In addition, several illnesses are a result of toxic algal blooms, the growth of naturally occurring bacteria and diatoms causing neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, paralytic shellfish poisoning, diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning, amnesic shellfish poisoning and ciguatera. Current estimates place the annual number of ciguatera cases at 20,000 world-wide. Scombroid poisoning is the most significant cause of illness associated with seafood. Scombrotoxin is of bacterial origin and halophilic Vibrio spp. causing high histamine levels are implicated as the source. Scombroid poisoning is geographically diverse and many species have been implicated, namely: tuna, mahi-mahi, bluefish, sardines, mackerel, amberjack and abalone. Temperature abuse has been cited as a major cause of scombroid poisoning. For routine work, the use of faecal indicators to predict the relative level of faecal contamination should not be disposed of. However, the main source of seafood illness is due to species which are not predicted by these organisms. In order to protect public health, routine surveillance using new pathogen-specific techniques such as polymerase chain reaction should be used. This, in combination with risk assessment methods and hazard analysis and critical control points, will begin to address the need for improvement in the safety of seafood.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Feces; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Marine Toxins; Risk Assessment; Seafood; Sewage; United States; Vibrio Infections; Virus Diseases; Water Pollution
PubMed: 9501377
DOI: 10.20506/rst.16.2.1048 -
Journal of Food Protection Aug 1990Crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ) tailmeat samples were sterilized, cooled, and surface-inoculated with approximately log 4.0 cells/g of Aeromonas hydrophila (ATCC #7965)...
Crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ) tailmeat samples were sterilized, cooled, and surface-inoculated with approximately log 4.0 cells/g of Aeromonas hydrophila (ATCC #7965) or log 3.0 cells/g of Plesiomonas shigelloides (ATCC #14029). Inoculated samples were packaged under air, vacuum, or a commercial modified atmosphere (MA) gas mix containing 80% CO and no O. Throughout 6 d of incubation at either 2 and 8°C ( A. hydrophila ) or 8, 11, and 14°C ( P. shigelloides ), samples were analyzed at 2 d intervals for population of the inoculum species. Slight growth of A. hydrophila occurred during air- and vacuum-storage at 2°C. No growth occurred during 2°C MA storage. At 8°C, vacuum and MA storage caused nearly equal inhibition of A. hydrophila growth. P. shigelloides did not grow at 8°C under any treatment. At 11°C, MA storage effectively prevented growth of P. shigelloides , while vacuum storage was slightly less inhibitory. Vacuum storage did not deter growth of P. shigelloides at 14°C, but MA storage had a minor inhibitory effect.
PubMed: 31018324
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X-53.8.665 -
Journal of Bacteriology May 2001Plesiomonas shigelloides is a gram-negative pathogen which can utilize heme as an iron source. In previous work, P. shigelloides genes which permitted heme iron... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Plesiomonas shigelloides is a gram-negative pathogen which can utilize heme as an iron source. In previous work, P. shigelloides genes which permitted heme iron utilization in a laboratory strain of Escherichia coli were isolated. In the present study, the cloned P. shigelloides sequences were found to encode ten potential heme utilization proteins: HugA, the putative heme receptor; TonB and ExbBD; HugB, the putative periplasmic binding protein; HugCD, the putative inner membrane permease; and the proteins HugW, HugX, and HugZ. Three of the genes, hugA, hugZ, and tonB, contain a Fur box in their putative promoters, indicating that the genes may be iron regulated. When the P. shigelloides genes were tested in E. coli K-12 or in a heme iron utilization mutant of P. shigelloides, hugA, the TonB system genes, and hugW, hugX, or hugZ were required for heme iron utilization. When the genes were tested in a hemA entB mutant of E. coli, hugWXZ were not required for utilization of heme as a porphyrin source, but their absence resulted in heme toxicity when the strains were grown in media containing heme as an iron source. hugA could replace the Vibrio cholerae hutA in a heme iron utilization assay, and V. cholerae hutA could complement a P. shigelloides heme utilization mutant, suggesting that HugA is the heme receptor. Our analyses of the TonB system of P. shigelloides indicated that it could function in tonB mutants of both E. coli and V. cholerae and that it was similar to the V. cholerae TonB1 system in the amino acid sequence of the proteins and in the ability of the system to function in high-salt medium.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Biological Transport; Cloning, Molecular; Culture Media; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Genes, Bacterial; Heme; Hemoglobins; Iron; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Periplasm; Plesiomonas; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Sodium Chloride
PubMed: 11292789
DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.9.2715-2723.2001