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Frontiers in Microbiology 2022An 8-week feeding trial was conducted using the rice field eel () with six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets of basic feed supplemented with different...
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted using the rice field eel () with six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets of basic feed supplemented with different levels of methionine (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 g/kg). This study built upon previous research findings that showed dietary methionine restriction (M0, 0 g/kg) inhibited hepatic fatty acid metabolism and intestinal fatty acid transportation, but both are improved by dietary supplementation with a suitable level of methionine (M8, 8 g/kg). Hence, M0 and M8 were selected to investigate how methionine regulates the gut microbiota and lipidomics of . Compared with M0, values for gut bacterial Sobs, Shannon, ACE, and Chao1 indices of M8 were remarkably increased ( < 0.05), with , , and the dominant phyla and , , and the main genera in the community under the M0 vs. M8 treatments. However, compared with M0, the proportion of phyla consisting of decreased in M8, as did the and at the genus level; conversely, the proportions corresponding to , , and phyla increased in M8, as did the and genera. Many edges appeared in the circus and networks, demonstrating the interspecies interactions among different operational taxonomic units (OTUs). In addition, various OTUs within the same phylum were clustered within one module. Cooperative interactions were predominant in the two networks, while competitive interactions were prevalent in their submodules. Gut microbiota mainly played roles in nutrition (lipid, amino acid, and carbohydrate) transport and metabolism under the M0 vs. M8 treatments. The PLS-DA scores indicated a significant difference in the main lipidomic components between the M0 and M8 treatment groups. Namely, the TG(26:0/16:0/17:0), TG(28:0/16:0/16:0), TG(26:0/16:0/16:0), and TG(30:0/16:0/16:0)-among others-comprising the gut content were reduced under the M8 treatment ( < 0.001). The genus was positively correlated with TG(18:1/18:1/22:5), TG(16:0/17:0/18:1), TG(18:0/18:1/20:3), and other compounds, yet negatively correlated with TG(18:0/17:0/20:0), TG(16:0/17:0/24:0), and TG(16:0/16:0/24:0), among others as well. According to the lipidomics analysis, the predicted KEGG pathways mainly included lipid and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and digestive, sensory, and immune systems. In conclusion, methionine restriction disturbed the microbial community balance and induced microbial dysfunctions, whereas methionine supplementation improved the homeostasis of gut microbiota and lipid metabolism of the rice eel.
PubMed: 35875587
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.917051 -
Journal of Food Protection Dec 1999The aim of this study was to determine the presence of hemolytic and elastolytic enzymes in several strains of Plesiomonas shigelloides in relation to the availability...
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of hemolytic and elastolytic enzymes in several strains of Plesiomonas shigelloides in relation to the availability of iron in culture media. Hemolytic activity and elastolytic activity were detected in strains of P. shigelloides and were enhanced when the strains were grown in an iron-depleted medium and lost after thermal treatment at 100 degrees C for 10 min. Also, elastolytic activity was inactivated by phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride, an inhibitor of serine proteases. Hemolytic activity was detected extracellularly in cell-free supernatants, whereas elastin degradation activity was cell associated. Both activities may be related to the virulence of P. shigelloides.
Topics: Culture Media; Hemolysin Proteins; Hot Temperature; Iron; Pancreatic Elastase; Plesiomonas
PubMed: 10606155
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-62.12.1475 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Jan 2023Here, we present a draft genome sequence of Plesiomonas shigelloides MD22D9, isolated from the digestive tract of the North American medicinal leech Macrobdella decora....
Here, we present a draft genome sequence of Plesiomonas shigelloides MD22D9, isolated from the digestive tract of the North American medicinal leech Macrobdella decora. The gut microbiome of the medicinal leech is hypothesized to be critical for maintaining host fitness. This genome can provide insights into this uncharacterized microbe-host relationship.
PubMed: 36515507
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00939-22 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Jul 2000The incidence of Vibrio cholerae, Aeromonas spp. and Plesiomonas shigelloides was determined in water samples from Cambé Stream. The samples were collected from seven...
The incidence of Vibrio cholerae, Aeromonas spp. and Plesiomonas shigelloides was determined in water samples from Cambé Stream. The samples were collected from seven different sites. The serogroups, virulence markers and drug resistance profiles were also evaluated. Twelve Aer. hydrophila, 12Aer. caviae, eight Aer. sobria, seven Ple. shigelloides and two V. cholerae non-O1 were isolated. They belonged to different serogroups and all produced haemolysis in different assays. Five of the Aeromonas strains and one of V cholerae non-O1 were positive for enterotoxin activity. Haemagglutination and its inhibition, using erythrocytes of different origins, was variable for Aeromonas spp. and V. cholerae, while none of the Ple. shigelloides haemagglutinated in association with any type of erythrocyte. All isolates exhibited multiple drug resistance. These results indicate that the occurrence of V. cholerae non-O1, Aeromonas spp. and Ple. shigelloides, in water used for vegetable irrigation, human recreation and animal consumption, among others, represents a potential risk for humans.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Brazil; Fresh Water; Guinea Pigs; Hemagglutination; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Hemolysis; Horses; Humans; Mice; Plesiomonas; Vibrio cholerae; Virulence; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 10945781
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01077.x -
Frontiers in Physiology 2022The yellow catfish (), as one of the economically-relevant freshwater fish found in China, cannot tolerate cold stress. Understanding the physiological and biochemical...
The yellow catfish (), as one of the economically-relevant freshwater fish found in China, cannot tolerate cold stress. Understanding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms under cold stress may provide insights for improving yellow catfish management in the cold. Therefore, we investigated the metabolic and intestinal microbiota changes in cold stress in response to induced cold stress. We found that cold stress in yellow catfish lead to a significant increase in the consumption of glucose and triglycerides, as well as increased use of cholesterol as an alternate energy source. Moreover, cold stress also activated several significant biological processes in the fish such as thermogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, the spliceosome machinery, RNA transport, protein processing that occurs in the ER, and purine and pyrimidine metabolism pathways involved in energy production. On the other hand, many other mechanisms like insulin resistance, starch and sucrose metabolism, and the glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolic pathways that also served as energy production pathways were weakened. Furthermore, organic acids and their derivatives as well as the lipids and lipid-like molecules were mainly altered in cold stress; prenol lipids, steroids, and their derivatives were significantly upregulated, while fatty acyls and glycerophospholipids were significantly downregulated. Transcriptomic and metabolomic integrated analysis data revealed that carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism were involved in cold stress resistance. In addition, the intestinal microbiota abundance was also reduce and the pathogenic bacteria of plesiomonas was rapidly appreciation, which suggesting that cold stress also impaired intestinal health. This research study could offer insights into winter management or the development of feed to promote cold resistance in yellow catfish.
PubMed: 36176772
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.985046 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2020is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which causes foodborne intestinal infections, including gastroenteritis. It is one of the most frequent causes of travellers'...
is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which causes foodborne intestinal infections, including gastroenteritis. It is one of the most frequent causes of travellers' diarrhoea. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin), an important virulence factor of the species, is in most cases characterised by a smooth character, demonstrated by the presence of all regions, such as lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific polysaccharide, where the latter part determines O-serotype. LPS is still a poorly characterised virulence factor considering a "translation" of the particular O-serotype into chemical structure. To date, LPS structure has only been elucidated for 15 strains out of 102 O-serotypes. Structures of the new O-specific polysaccharide and core oligosaccharide of from the Czechoslovak National Collection of Type Cultures CNCTC 90/89 LPS (O22), investigated by chemical analysis, mass spectrometry, and H,C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, have now been reported. The pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide is built of one d-QuiNAc and is rich in four d-GalNAcAN residues. Moreover, the new core oligosaccharide shares common features of other endotoxins, i.e., the lack of phosphate groups and the presence of uronic acids.
Topics: Carbohydrate Sequence; Lipopolysaccharides; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; O Antigens; Oligosaccharides; Plesiomonas; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 32947917
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186788 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Heat is a common source of stress in aquatic environments and can alter the physiological and metabolic functions of aquatic animals, especially their intestinal...
Heat is a common source of stress in aquatic environments and can alter the physiological and metabolic functions of aquatic animals, especially their intestinal function. Here, the effects of heat stress on the structure and function of the intestine and the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota were studied in sturgeon ( ♀ × ♂ hybrid F1). Sturgeons were exposed to sub-extreme (24°C) and extreme (28°C) high water temperatures for 12 days. The heat stress caused systemic damage to the intestine of sturgeons, which displayed severe enteritis in the valve intestine. The microbial diversity analysis showed that heat stress led to the disorder in intestinal microbiota, manifesting as an explosive increase in the abundance of thermophilic intestinal pathogens such as , , and and causing physiological dysfunction in the sturgeons. The disorder was followed by significant inhibition of intestinal digestion with reduced chymotrypsin, α-amylase, and lipase activities in the valve intestine and of antioxidant function with reduced peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Simultaneously, heat stress reduced the thermal tolerance of sturgeons by reducing expression and damaged the valve intestine's repair ability with increased β expression. The results confirmed that heat stress damaged the sturgeon intestines obviously and disturbed the intestinal microbiota, resulting in serious physiological dysfunction. The present study investigated the mechanism of the effect of heat stress on the sturgeon intestine and will help develop strategies to improve the resistance to thermal stress for wild and cultured sturgeons.
PubMed: 35356512
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.755369 -
Microbiology Spectrum Mar 2023Probiotics are an alternative strategy for antibiotics, but most probiotics are Gram-positive bacteria suitable for terrestrial animals. Therefore, it is imperative to...
Probiotics are an alternative strategy for antibiotics, but most probiotics are Gram-positive bacteria suitable for terrestrial animals. Therefore, it is imperative to develop dedicated probiotics for the common carp industry to be ecologically efficient and environmentally friendly. A novel Enterobacter asburiae named E7 was isolated from the intestine of healthy common carp and displayed an extensive antibacterial spectrum against Aeromonas hydrophila, A. veronii, A. caviae, A. media, A. jandaei, A. enteropelogenes, A. schubertii, A. salmonicida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ps. putida, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and . E7 was nonpathogenic to the host and susceptible to the majority of antibiotics used in human clinical practice. E7 could grow between 10 and 45°C and between pH 4 and 7 and was extremely resistant to 4% (wt/vol) bile salts. Diets were supplemented with 1 × 10 CFU/g E7 for 28 days. No significant difference in the growth of fish was observed. Expression of immune-related genes , , and in common carp kidney was significantly upregulated at weeks 1, 2, and 4 ( < 0.01). A significant upregulation of , , and expression was observed after week 4 ( < 0.01). There was a significant increase in mRNA expression of at week 3 ( < 0.01). Following challenge by Aeromonas veronii, the survival rate (91.05%) was significantly higher than observed in the controls (54%; < 0.01). Collectively, E7 is a promising new Gram-negative probiotic that can enhance health and bacterial resistance of aquatic animals and could thus be developed as an exclusive aquatic probiotic. In the present study, we evaluated for the first time the efficiency of Enterobacter asburiae as a prospective probiotic for aquaculture applications. The E7 strain showed extensive resistance to , no pathogenicity to the host, and stronger environmental tolerance. We observed that the resistance of common carp to was enhanced by feeding a diet containing 1 × 10 CFU/g E7 for 28 days, but growth was not improved. Strain E7 can act as an immunostimulant to induce the upregulation of some innate cellular and humoral immune responses, resulting in enhanced resistance to . Hence, the continuous activation of immune cells can be maintained by adding suitable fresh probiotics to the diet. E7 has the potential to act as a probiotic agent for green, sustainable aquaculture and aquatic product safety.
PubMed: 36975994
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04273-22 -
Microbiology and Immunology 1991Plesiomonas shigelloides is considered to be a waterborne agent of human gastroenteritis. An ecological study was carried out in five ponds in Dhaka city over a period...
Plesiomonas shigelloides is considered to be a waterborne agent of human gastroenteritis. An ecological study was carried out in five ponds in Dhaka city over a period of one year to elucidate the distribution and seasonality of this organism in various components of pond ecosystems. Samples were collected from hydrophytes, water, phytoplankton and sediment every 15 days over 12 months and cultured for P. shigelloides. P. shigelloides was isolated from a total of 120 samples including 25 (20.8%), 16 (13.3%), 22 (18.3%) and 35 (29.2%) of hydrophytes, water, phytoplankton and sediment samples, respectively. Distinct seasonal patterns of isolation of P. shigelloides were observed in the four components with two distinct peaks. The highest peaks were observed in hydrophytes and water samples in May and in phytoplankton and sediment in November. P. shigelloides was isolated from all components from all ponds during the study period. These results suggest that P. shigelloides is an autochthonous member in the freshwater pond ecosystems in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Topics: Bangladesh; Ecology; Plesiomonas; Seasons; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 1775096
DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1991.tb01614.x -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2015The structures of the O-specific polysacccharide and core oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from Plesiomonas shigelloides O24:H8, strain CNCTC 92/89, have been...
The structures of the O-specific polysacccharide and core oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from Plesiomonas shigelloides O24:H8, strain CNCTC 92/89, have been investigated by NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. The O-specific polysaccharide was found to be composed of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit consisting of [→3)-α-FucpNAc-(1→3)-α-GalpNAcA-(1→3)-α-QuipNAc-(1→] and of α-RhapNAc (1→4) linked to the GalpNAcA residue. An identical structure has been reported for the capsular polysaccharide of the clinical isolate of Vibrio vulnificus strain BO62316 [1]. The core oligosaccharide was composed of a decasaccharide which structure is identical with these in P. shigelloides serotype O54 [2] and serotype O37 [3].
Topics: Carbohydrate Sequence; Lipopolysaccharides; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; O Antigens; Oligosaccharides; Plesiomonas; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 25834986
DOI: 10.3390/molecules20045729